K2CO3催化合成N-丙炔基邻苯二甲酰亚脏

用邻苯二甲酰亚胺和3-氯丙炔反应制备N-丙炔基邻苯二甲酰亚胺.以正交实验设计的方法对N-丙炔基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的合成反应温度、反应时间、投料比以及相转移催化剂进行工艺条件优化,得出最佳工艺条件是反应温度60 ℃、反应时间6 h、n(邻苯二甲酰亚胺)∶n(碳酸钾)∶n(四丁基氯化铵)为1∶1.25∶0.05,收率91.7%.     

一锅法合成N-烯丙基邻苯二甲酰亚胺

以邻苯二甲酰亚胺和烯丙基氯为原料,采用一锅法合成,经红外和核磁氢谱表征,确定该产物为N-烯丙基邻苯二甲酰亚胺。考察原料配比、反应时间、反应温度、溶剂对产物收率的影响,得到优化反应条件:n(烯丙基氯)∶n(邻苯二甲酰亚胺)=1.5∶1,在60℃下反应12 h,N-烯丙基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的收率可高达88.5%。     

N-丙烯酰基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的合成研究

以丙烯酰氯和邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾盐为原料,丙酮为溶剂,合成N-丙烯酰基邻苯二甲酰亚胺。考察了反应原料配比、反应温度和反应时间对反应产率的影响。结果表明,优化反应条件为:n(丙烯酰氯)∶n(邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾盐)=4∶1,在28℃下反应8 h,N-丙烯酰基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的产率为54%。     

N-甲基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的新合成方法

研究了以苯酐与甲胺水溶液为原料合成N-甲基邻苯二甲酰亚胺(NMP),提出了一种合成NMP的新方法,并对产物进行了红外表征,结果表明产物是N-甲基邻苯二甲酰亚胺.考察了原料配比、反应温度、反应时间对产物收率的影响,得出了最佳反应条件:苯酐与甲胺的摩尔比为1∶2,反应温度为150℃,反应时间为4 h,收率达到85.5%.     

4-氨基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的制备与表征

以4-硝基邻苯二甲酰亚胺(4-NP)为原料,采用铁粉还原法制备4-氨基邻苯二甲酰亚胺(4-AP).考察了还原反应温度、反应时间、铁粉的用量、氯化铵的用量等因素对4-AP收率的影响.结果表明:当还原反应温度为80℃、反应时间为3 h、n(铁粉)∶n(硝基化合物)为3.5∶1.0、n(氯化铵)∶n(铁粉)为0.3∶1.0时,产物的收率为91.08%、熔点为292.7~292.9℃.并通过红外光谱对产物进行了结构表征,与标准图谱一致.     

合成芳香醛邻苯二甲酰腙化合物的简便方法

在氨基磺酸的水-甲醇溶液中,芳香醛、N-氨基邻苯二甲酰亚胺和对甲苯亚磺酸钠缩合,随后于饱和NaHCO3水溶液-二氯甲烷两相中进行碱消除反应,即可制得芳香醛邻苯二甲酰腙。最佳工艺条件为:n(芳香醛)∶n(N-氨基邻苯二甲酰亚胺)∶n(对甲苯亚磺酸钠)n∶(氨基磺酸)=1∶1∶1.3∶2.0,反应在室温进行,产率均为70%以上。在制备公斤级芳香醛邻苯二甲酰腙(芳香醛用量10 mol)时,5种产品产率均在70%以上。目标化合物通过1HNMR,IR确认。     

氨水循环法制备邻苯二甲酰亚胺

对邻苯二甲酰亚胺(PIMD)的合成进行了研究.在密闭环境中通过回收并循环使用反应蒸出液合成邻苯二甲酰亚胺,产率达到97.5 %,最佳工艺条件为:物料比为n(苯酐):n(氨水)=1:1.3,反应温度为240 ℃,反应时间为60min.并用熔点法、红外光谱和元素分析进行了产品定性.     

DL-对羟基苯甘氨酸的合成新工艺

对利用乙醛酸、苯酚、邻苯二甲酰亚胺合成DL-对羟基苯甘氨酸的方法进行了研究.最佳工艺条件为:原料摩尔比n(乙醛酸):n(苯酚):n(邻苯二甲酰亚胺)=1.0∶1.2∶1.2,十八烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵为催化剂,用量为乙醛酸质量的2%,反应时间为8h,反应温度为60℃,收率达83%以上,产品纯度为99%以上.     

四丁基溴化铵催化合成N-苯基邻苯二甲酰亚胺

研究了以四氢呋喃为溶剂,四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)催化邻苯二甲酸酐和苯胺反应合成N-苯基邻苯二甲酰亚胺;探讨了反应时间,原料摩尔比及四丁基溴化铵用量对反应的影响,在最佳条件下(n(邻苯二甲酸酐)/n(苯胺)/n(四丁基溴化铵)=1︰1.2∶0.3,四氢呋喃为溶剂,反应时间3 h),收率可达85.0%。     

1,2-二（N-（4-硝基-邻苯二甲酰亚胺)）甲基碳硼烷的合成及其紫外吸收性质

以4-硝基邻苯二甲酰亚胺、1,4-二氯-2-丁炔和十硼烷为原料,通过取代反应和炔加成反应合成了1,2-二[N-(4-硝基-邻苯二甲酰亚胺)甲基]碳硼烷(4-NP CBR)。考察了反应溶剂、原料物质的量之比和反应温度对反应的影响,得到的优化条件为:甲苯为反应溶剂,n{1,4-二[N-(4-硝基-邻苯二甲酰亚胺)]-2-丁炔)}∶n(乙腈硼烷)=1.2∶1,100℃下加热反应16 h,在该条件下,1,2-二[N-(4-硝基-邻苯二甲酰亚胺)甲基]碳硼烷的产率为51.2%。产物通过FTIR、~1HNMR、~(13)CNMR和HR-MS进行结构表征,并测定了其紫外吸收性质。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。