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1.
Chao AC Ziadeh BI Diau GY Wijendran V Sarkadi-Nagy E Hsieh AT Nathanielsz PW Brenna JT 《Lipids》2003,38(4):425-429
One of the major survival challenges of premature birth is production of lung surfactant. The lipid component of surfactant,
dipalmitoyl PC (DPPC), increases in concentration in the period before normal term birth via a net shift in FA composition away from unsaturates. We investigated the influence of dietary DHA and arachidonic acid (AA)
on lung FA composition and DPPC concentration in term and preterm baboons. Pregnant animals/neonates were randomized to one
of four groups: breast-fed (B), term formula-fed (T−), preterm formulafed (P−), and preterm fed formula supplemented with DHA-AA (P+). Breast milk contained 0.68%wt DHA and the P+ group formula contained 0.61%wt DHA. In the preterm groups (P− and P+), pregnant females received a course of antenatal corticosteroids. At the adjusted age of 4 wk, neonate lung tissue was harvested,
and FA composition and DPPC were analyzed. Palmitate was ∼28%wt of lung total FA and no significant differences were found
among the four treatment groups. In contrast, DPPC in the B group lung tissue was significantly greater than DPPC in the unsupplemented
groups, but not compared with the P+ group. The B and P+ groups were not significantly different in DHA and AA, but were different compared with the unsupplemented (T, P−) groups. These results indicate that LCP supplementation increases lung DHA and AA, without compromising overall lung 16∶0
or DPPC. The shift in FA composition toward greater unsaturation in the groups consuming LCP supported improved surfactant
lipid concentration in preterm neonate lungs. 相似文献
2.
Bertschi I Collomb M Rist L Eberhard P Sieber R Bütikofer U Wechsler D Folkers G von Mandach U 《Lipids》2005,40(6):581-587
Consumption of CLA by lactating women affects the composition of their milk, but the pattern of the different CLA isomers
is still unknown. We determined the effects of short maternal supplementation with CLA-rich Alpine butter on the occurrence
of FA and CLA isomers in human milk. In an open randomized controlled study with a two-period cross-over design, milk FA and
CLA isomer concentrations were measured on postpartum days >-20 in two parallel groups of lactating women before, during,
and after consumption of defined quantities of Alpine butter or margarine with comparable fat content (10 d of butter followed
by 10 d of margarine for one group, and vice versa in the other). In the 16 women who completed the study (8/group), Alpine
butter supplementation, increased the C16 and C18 FA, the sum of saturated FA, the 18∶1 trans FA, and the trans FA with CLA. The CLA isomer 18∶2 c9, t11 increased by 19.7%. Significant increases were also found for the isomers t9,t111, t7,c9,t11,c13, and t8,c10 18∶2. The remaining nine of the total 14 detectable isomers showed no changes, and concentrations were <5 mg/100g fat.
A breastfeeding mother can therefore modulate the FA/CLA supply of her child by consuming Alpine butter. Further studies will
show whether human milk containing this FA and CLA isomer pattern acts as a functional food for newborns. 相似文献
3.
Previous randomized clinical trials suggest that supplementation of the human infant diet with up to 0.35% DHA may benefit
visual development. The aim of the current study was to assess the impact of including arachidonic acid (AA) and a higher
level of DHA in the postnatal monkey diet on visual development. Infant rhesus monkeys were fed either a control diet (2.0%
α-linolenic acid as the sole n−3 FA) or a supplemented diet (1.0% DHA and 1.0% AA) from birth. Visual evoked potential acuity
was measured at 3 mon of age. Rod and cone function were assessed in terms of parameters describing phototransduction. Electroretinogram
(ERG) amplitudes and implicit times were recorded over a wide intensity range (−2.2 to 4.0 log scot td-sec) and assessed in
terms of intensity response functions. Plasma DHA and AA were significantly increased (P <0.001) in the diet-supplemented monkeys compared with the control monkeys. There was an approximately equal effect of diet
for the rod phototransduction parameters, sensitivity, and capacitance but in the opposite directions. Diet-supplemented monkeys
had significantly shorter b-wave implicit times at low retinal illuminances (<−0.6 log scot td-sec). There were no significant
effects of diet for visual acuity or the other 23 ERG parameters measured. The results suggest that supplementation of the
infant monkey diet with 1.0% DHA and 1.0% AA neither harms nor provides substantial benefit to the development of visual acuity
or retinal function in the first four postnatal months.
This study was conducted at the Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and
Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852. 相似文献
4.
M Salinas M E Martínez P Catalán E Sánchez Casas E Herrero P Navarro 《Archivos latinoamericanos de nutrición》1987,37(3):444-453
Magnesium levels in serum, as well as 24-hr urine and 2-hr post-fasting urine levels, were studied in 107 pregnant women, who were later separated into two groups. One group was advised to follow their usual intake, and the other, to supplement the diet with 750 cc of milk. The control group (30 healthy non-pregnant women) underwent the same protocol. Magnesium intake in pregnant women was much lower than that recommended for gestation. In both groups of pregnant women, serum magnesium levels were lower than those of the controls, in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. Urinary magnesium in 24-hr urine was higher in each trimester of pregnancy than the controls. Hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesuria not influenced by milk intake was observed. 相似文献
5.
Background
We studied food consumption and nutrient intake in subjects with depressed mood, anxiety and insomnia as indices of compromised mental wellbeing. 相似文献6.
To examine whether dietary fat alters membrane lipid composition and peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in “non-proliferative”
and “proliferative” cells in the large intestine, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets providing a polyunsaturated-to-saturated
fatty acid ratio of 1.2 or 0.3 at a high or low level of fat intake for a 25-day period. Cell populations were isolated and
the effect of dietary fat on membrane polyunsaturated fatty acid content and peroxide levels was determined. Neither fat level
nor fatty acid composition of diet influenced total cholesterol, total phospholipids, and percentage of phospholipid classes
in membrane phospholipids. Feeding the high fat and/or high polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid ratio diet increased polyunsaturated
fatty acid content of mucosal cell phospholipids. Increase in polyunsaturated fatty acid content was paralleled by a decrease
in the monounsaturated fatty acid content of mucosal cell phospholipids. Membrane content of total saturated fatty acids was
not significantly affected by diet. Variation in phospholipid fatty acid composition between “non-proliferative” and ”proliferative”
cells was observed. Lipid peroxide levels in mucosal cell lipid fractions were altered by dietary fat treatment. Animals fed
high fat diets, compared to groups fed low fat diets, exhibited higher membrane peroxide levels when results are expressed
as nmol/mg protein. Higher peroxide levels were observed in mucosal cells for rats fed high polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty
acid ratio diets when results were expressed per nmol of phospholipid. It is concluded that changes in fat level and fatty
acid composition of the diet alters the mucosal cell membrane lipid composition in the rat large intestine and influences
susceptibility of mucosal cell lipid to peroxidation. Further research is required to delineate which dietary factors—fat
level, polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid ratio, or both—have a primary influence on the degree of lipid peroxidation. 相似文献
7.
Several sources of long-chain PUFA (LCP) are currently available for infant formula supplementation. These oils differ in their FA composition, the chemical form of the FA esters [TAG or phospholipids (PL)], and presence of other lipid components. These differences may affect LCP absorption, distribution, and metabolic fate after ingestion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of different chemical forms of dietary LCP on the composition of lymph lipoproteins. Eighteen pigs (5 d old) were bottle-fed different diets for 2 wk: a control diet (C), a diet containing LCP as TAG from tuna and fungal oils (TF-TAG), or a diet containing LCP as PL from egg yolk (E-PL). We measured lipid and FA composition of lymph, main lymph fractions (TAG or PL), and the particle size of lymph lipoproteins. The average diameter of lymph lipoproteins was significantly lower in the E-PL group compared with the control and TF-TAG groups (C: 3902 +/- 384 A; TF-TAG: 3773 +/- 384 A; E-PL: 2370 +/- 185 A). Arachidonic acid and DHA contents in lymph and lymph-TAG were significantly higher in the TF-TAG group compared to the E-PL group (0.50 +/- 0.03 and 0.24 +/- 0.03 g/100 g vs. 0.29 +/- 0.04 and 0.12 +/- 0.03 g/100 g, respectively). The addition to the diet of LCP in the form of TAG or PL affected the size of intestinal lipoproteins and also led to a different distribution of these FA in lymph lipoproteins. 相似文献
8.
The dietary intake of EFA and long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA) by women with (n=14) and without (n=31) gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was determined by repeated 24-h recalls. Women with GDM consumed significantly more
energy as fat compared with women who had uncomplicated pregnancies; absolute dietary fat did not differ. Dietary n−3 LCPUFA
was substantially lower than the current recommendation for pregnancy, whereas intake of saturated FA (SFA) exceeded it. We
conclude that replacing dietary sources of SFA with those of EFA and LCPUFA, especially n−3 LCPUFA, would benefit the dietary
fat profiles of all pregnant women. 相似文献
9.
Kenneth K. Carroll 《Lipids》1986,21(12):731-732
The low incidence of cardiovascular disease in Greenland Eskimos appears to be due to their high intake of seal, whale and
fish. The lipids of these marine animals lower serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels and help to prevent blood clotting.
The latter effect has been related to a change in the balance of prostacyclin and thromboxane as a result of replacing n-6
polyunsaturated fatty acids in the body by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids present in marine lipids. Dietary fish oils have
also been shown to inhibit development of mammary, pancreatic, intestinal and prostatic tumors in experimental animals. This
effect may likewise be due to changes in the production of prostaglandins or related compounds. The involvement of prostaglandins
and leukotrienes in immune responses has led to studies on the effects of fish oil on various chronic diseases associated
with abnormalities of the immune system. Some of these diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and psoriasis, are also relatively
uncommon in Eskimos. Preliminary results of these studies are encouraging, but more work is required to assess the usefulness
of dietary fish oils in treatment of these diseases. In addition to their apparent therapeutic value, n-3 fatty acids are
considered essential dietary components since they cannot be synthesized in the body and appear necessary for normal vision
and probably other body functions.
Presented at the American Oil Chemists' Society short course on Marine Lipids and EPA held at the Sheraton Royal Waikaloa
Hotel, Hawaii, May 1986. 相似文献
10.
11.
The growth rate of a human mammary carcinoma, MX-1, was significantly reduced in athymic “nude” mice fed fish oil. Tumors
from the fish oil-fed animals also showed a greater sensitivity to two anti-neoplastic agents, mitomycin C and doxorubicin.
Mitochondria were isolated from control livers, host livers and tumors from fish oil-and corn oil-fed animals, and increased
levels of 20∶5n−3 and 22∶6n−3 were found in mitochondrial lipids in all three tissues from the fish oil-fed animals. To investigate
the effect of dietary n−3 fatty acids on lipid metabolism, the activity of the acyl-CoA:carnitine acyltransferase and three
acyl-CoA desaturases were measured. Carnitine acyltransferase activity toward all four acyl-CoA substrates tested was markedly
increased in mitochondria from liver by feeding fish oil. In mitochondria from tumors, feeding fish oil resulted in an increased
activity toward only 18∶3n−3. These data suggest that fish oil may induce an increase in the oxidation of fatty acids. The
Δ9-desaturase activity was decreased in microsomes from liver and tumor from fish oil-fed animals. However, both the Δ6 and Δ5 desaturases were increased in tumor and in control liver as a result of feeding fish oil. The Δ5 desaturase was not altered in microsomes from the host animals. The effect of fish oil on the Δ5 and Δ6 desaturases may involve alterations to metabolism of specific polyunsaturated fatty acids especially in the tumor tissue. 相似文献
12.
13.
Gamboa Delgado EM López Barbosa N Prada Gómez GE Franco Cadena JT Landínez Navarro A 《Archivos latinoamericanos de nutrición》2010,60(3):247-253
The objective of this study was to determine associated factors to the consumption of fruit and vegetables (FV) in the adult population of each socioeconomic status (SES) in Bucaramanga, Colombia. We conducted a cross-sectional in a sample of 317 people and we measured socio-demographic, economic and anthropometric variables and dietary factors related to the purchase and consumption of FV. We made a survey, a 24-Hour dietary recall and we did anthropometric measurements. Portion sizes were estimated with a standardized set of utensils and food-photography atlas. Frequencies, measures of central tendency and dispersion were established and Logistic Regression models were used for the bi and multivariate analysis. Average consumption of FV was 162.6 g/day (188.5 g in high SES and 145.7 g in low SES, p = 0.056). On average 2 servings per day of FV (2.3 servings in high SES and 1.5 in low SES, p = 0.055). The prevalence of adequate intake of FV (more than 5 servings / day) was 8.6% (8.9% in high SES and 8.4% in low SES, p = 0.896). The associated factor to consumption of FV was BMI > or =25 (OR: 0.31, CI (95%): 0.11-0.89, p = 0.030), adjusted for occupation, income, SES, and number of family members. FV consumption is low; excess weight is the only variable associated to no-consumption of five or more servings; causes: cost to the consumption of fruit and flavor in the case of vegetables. 相似文献
14.
Absorption of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from human milk and formula supplemented with fish oil was studied to
determine if the distribution route into lymphatic triacylglycerol (TAG) and phospholipid (PL) varies with the dietary source.
Rats were intraduodenally infused with human milk or formula containing graded amounts of fish oil (0, 0.5, or 1.0 g/100 mL),
and the mesenteric lymph was collected. Arachidonic acid (20∶4n−6) levels in lymphatic TAG and PL were highest from animals
fed human milk. In the animals infused with formula containing fish oil, as the amount of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20∶5n−3)
infused increased, there was essentially an equal increase of EPA associated with both lymphatic TAG and PL. Animals intraduodenally
infused with human milk or formula without fish oil had only minor levels (less than 1%) of EPA in the lymph. In the fish
oil-treated animals, as the amount of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22∶6n−3) infused increased, there was a 16-fold increase
in DHA associated with lymphatic TAG, but only a 3-fold increase in DHA associated with lymphatic PL. The highest level of
DHA in rats infused with human milk was observed in lymphatic PL. Hence, fish oil can be added to formula as a source of long-chain
polyunsaturated fatty acids, but the distribution of fatty acids into lymphatic TAG and PL is not the same as that observed
with human milk. 相似文献
15.
Lipids in human milk 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
I have reviewed recent (March 1995–December 1997) papers on human milk lipids including many on fatty acid (FA) composition.
The effects of maternal diets on the profiles are apparent. However, more data on the composition of milk lipids are needed.
It is noteworthy that so few papers on milk FA composition have reported analyses using high-resolution gas-liquid chromatography
columns. Two of these were on milk from women in North America. The diets in North America are varied and the number of analyses
few. We do not have a reliable data base showing the ranges of biologically important acids. Except for the gangliosides,
few new data on the other lipids appeared during this period. 相似文献
16.
Tomomi Kobayashi Sanae Tanaka Chihiro Toji Hideko Shinohara Miharu Kamimura Naoko Okamoto Shino Imai Mitsuru Fukui Chigusa Date 《Nutrition journal》2010,9(1):17
Background
Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) are used for epidemiological studies. Because of the wide variations in dietary habits within different populations, a FFQ must be developed to suit the specific group. To date, no FFQ has been developed for Japanese children. In this study, we developed a FFQ to assess the regular dietary intake of Japanese children. The FFQ included questions regarding both individual food items and mixed dishes. 相似文献17.
A review of research in the authors' laboratories regarding effects of dietary fat polyunsaturation upon longevity in rats
and some aspects of the regulation of cholesterol metabolism with regard to age of rats and humans is presented. The longevity
of the rat was found to be enhanced by consumption of dietary fat providing a polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid (P/S)
ratio of 0.3 to 1, corresponding to about 5–12% of energy (en%) as linoleate, compared with less or more polyunsaturated fat,
mechanisms of the effects of the fats upon cholesterol metabolism were studied. With advancing age, there seems to be a decline
in the rate of catabolism of cholesterol, resulting in longer retention in the body of the rat. In the human, there seems
to be a decline in regulation of uptake of cholesterol by leukocytes and, therefore, perhaps other tissues, resulting in increased
synthesis of cholesterol by the peripheral tissues. Moderate rather than high dietary consumption of polyunsaturated fat seems
to be favorable to metabolic processes contributing to longevity.
Presented at the AOCS meeting in Chicago, May 1983. 相似文献
18.
Milk samples were collected from mothers at 2,6, 12 and 16 weeks postpartum. Desmosterol was found to be present in all the
milk samples. Identification of desmosterol was based on retention times with two gas liquid chromatography (GLC) columns
and verified by GC-m ass spectrometry. The concentration of desmosterol in breast milk increased significantly (P<0.5) from
0.6 mg/100 ml at 2 weeks to 1.3 mg/100 ml at 16 weeks postpartum. Desmosterol was not significantly correlated with total
lipid, total cholesterol or free cholesterol in the milk.
Scientific Contribution No. 960, Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268. 相似文献
19.
Although the reduction of serum triacylglycerol concentrations by dietary fish oil is a well-known effect, the exact mechanism
of this effect has not been previously studied in human subjects. Therefore, the aim of this study was (i) to examine the
effect of short-term fish oil supplementation on blood concentrations of ketone bodies, free fatty acids and triacylglycerol
in healthy humans and (ii) to verify whether the observed relationships between these variables would be consistent with reduced
lipolysis and/or enhanced hepatic fatty acid oxidation after fish oil supplementation. Twenty subjects (21–23 years, normal
liver function tests) were randomly divided into two groups to supplement their usual diet with either 30 g/d of fish oil
(n=11) or olive oil (n=9). Venous blood samples were drawn after an overnight fast, before and after 1, 3 and 7 d of fish
oil/olive oil supplementation. Blood concentrations of triacylglycerol and free fatty acids decreased consistently after fish
oil supplementation; the reduction was already significant after one day of fish oil (P<0.001 for triacylglycerol andP=0.01 for free fatty acids). In contrast, neither of these blood values changed after olive oil supplementation (P>0.10). No significant changes in glucose, insulin or ketone body levels were observed in either group after supplementation.
After fish oil, but not after olive oil supplementation, the ratio of blood ketone body levels to free fatty acid levels increased
significantly (P<0.05). Furthermore, after fish oil supplementation only, free fatty acid levels were significantly correlated with levels
of ketone bodies (day 7 of supplementation: r=0.90,P<0.001) and triacylglycerol (maximum value on day 3: r=0.77,P<0.01). These findings suggest that reduced lipolysis and increased hepatic β-oxidation/ketogenesis may contribute to reduced
triacylglycerol levels after ω3 fatty acid supplementation in humans. Turnover studies are needed in order to further quantitate
these processes. 相似文献
20.