饮用水除砷吸附剂的研究进展

砷在水体中主要以As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的无机酸形式存在,对人体的危害很大,吸附法是国内外研究最广泛的饮用水除砷技术之一.详细说明了饮用水除砷的吸附剂类型,指出:复合材料效率高、费用低,目前应用最为广泛;纳米材料与砷结合后性质稳定,除砷效率最高,是今后的主要发展方向;生物吸附材料以其高吸附率、低成本成为研究的热点.     

饮用水除砷常用工艺总结

砷化物具有相当大的毒性,对人体危害很大。由于矿物及岩石的风化、火山的喷发、温泉的上溢水及矿石的开采、工业废水的排放造成水体中砷污染严重。这就要求必须采取措施对含砷饮用水加以处理。根据国内自来水行业使用较多的除砷工艺,本文就常用饮用水除砷工艺进行了具体的总结。     

饮用水除砷技术研究新进展

重点介绍了近年来各种除砷新技术的研究进展,内容包括:强化混凝、吸附、离子交换、膜法、预氧化除砷技术。评价了各除砷技术的优缺点与适用范围,并认为饮用水除砷技术的发展将呈现出以下特点:As(Ⅲ)和As(V)同步去除技术的开发;易于取得或制备、生物化学稳定性高、吸附容量大、选择性高、再生能力强的新型除砷吸附剂的开发;多种除砷技术联合,多重去除机理协同的除砷流程的开发;低能耗、低成本除砷技术的开发;生物除砷技术的开发。     

含砷金矿的湿法除砷

研究了含砷金矿的湿法除砷方法。实验表明,采用以 Ｎａ Ｏ Ｈ 为主的常压除砷方法,有很好的除砷效果和金的回收率。     

新型家用除砷氟净水器研制与试验研究

针对我国部分地区饮用水砷、氟含量超标问题,设计出一种分散型的家用净水器,以预氧化—吸附—膜处理为技术路线,以曝气—改良活性炭—活性氧化铝—反渗透膜为实际组成单元,分别对单独除砷、单独除氟、砷氟共除效果进行实验测定。实验结果表明,单砷浓度1.994 mg/L,单氟浓度（以F-计）4.925 mg/L,及砷氟共存砷浓度2.128 mg/L,氟浓度（以F-计）5.293 mg/L时,出水砷氟浓度均符合《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB 5749-2006）。砷氟共除时,浓水砷氟含量符合《污水综合排放标准》（GB 8978-1996）,可以安全排放。说明此净水器方法可行,有实用价值。     

浅谈地下水除铁除锰技术

阐明了地下水中铁、锰的危害及去除机理,介绍了自然氧化法、接触氧化法、生物法三种除铁除锰技术,指出了除铁除锰技术应用中目前存在的部分问题.     

生物膜技术在饮用水除铁除锰中的研究综述

铁锰是人体重要的组成元素,在维持机体正常的新陈代谢方面具有重要作用,然而过多的铁锰摄取又会引发许多潜在的并发症状。本文针对我部分地区地下水中铁锰含量严重超标的现象,探讨了地下水除铁除锰技术中的生物接触氧化方法,并就其影响因素进行了分析,最后对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

电子级氢氟酸的除砷工艺研究

电子级氢氟酸中的砷杂质对集成电路的性能有很大影响。采用微反应器氧化预处理,结合精馏工艺除砷。考察了不同氧化反应器、氧化剂用量、反应温度、后处理方式对无水氢氟酸去砷效果的影响,提供了建议性的电子级氢氟酸除砷工艺路线。     

地下水除铁除锰工艺创新探讨

本文阐述了空气氧化接触过滤除铁除锰法实际应用,对其创新改造,以食品级纯碱加入原水中,结果出水水质达到国家标准。对影响除锰效果的水温、pH值、锰砂等因素,以大量数据和实际运行经验充分证实所述论点。     

黄磷除砷工艺条件的选择及应用

本文介绍了黄磷除砷的低温氧化法,用正交法选出了最佳工艺条件,经生产实践标明本方法有很好的除砷效果和磷的回收率,除砷率最高可达９１．５％,磷收率达９５％。     

Quality of groundwater in eastern Croatia. The problem of arsenic pollution

Groundwater in the area of eastern Croatia contains high concentrations of iron, manganese, ammonia, organic substances and arsenic. The appearance of inorganic arsenic in groundwater is mainly caused by arsenic from natural geological sources. Since the groundwater is the main source of drinking water for the population in this area, almost 200,000 people are daily drinking water with arsenic concentration ranging from 10 to 610 μg/L. The Croatian legislation recently revised the maximum concentration limit (MCL) for arsenic in drinking water to 10 μg/L. The population in the two towns (Osijek and Vinkovci) of this region is supplied with groundwater processed by coagulation-filtration method, but in the other towns and villages water treatment implies only rapid sand filtration. Both methods for water treatment have resulted with higher arsenic concentration than MCL, so the main goal of this study was determination of population exposure to arsenic via drinking water and possible improvement of drinking water quality. Population exposure to arsenic via drinking water is determined with hair analysis, since the hair arsenic concentration is one of three most commonly employed biomarkers used to identify or quantify overall arsenic exposure. During this study the preliminary analyses of hair arsenic concentrations in several towns and villages in eastern Croatia were provided. The positive correlation between heightened arsenic concentration in drinking water and hair arsenic concentration was determined. In order to improve drinking water quality e.g. arsenic removal from contaminated drinking water, different modified adsorbents were used and compared (zeolite–clinoptilolite, manganese greensand and cationic exchange resin). Adsorbents were chemically modified and saturated with Fe(III) ions, while the arsenic solutions were prepared by processed groundwater.     

煤制烯烃工业中砷的危害及解决方法探究

对煤制烯烃的工业技术进行了分析,从砷平衡的角度分析了砷在煤制烯烃工业中的危害。综述了目前在化学工业中可以采用的有效脱砷技术和方法,包括控制气化原料煤中的砷含量、采用湿法技术脱除合成气中的砷、采用脱砷催化剂脱砷。重点介绍了铜系、铅系、锰系和镍系等4类脱砷催化剂的研究进展。对煤制烯烃脱砷方案提出了建议。     

Ozone Application for Arsenic and Manganese Treatment at the City of White Rock,BC, Canada

The City of White Rock purchased the water utility on October 30, 2015, from EPCOR Utilities Inc. The City of White Rock‘s water utility provides safe and clean drinking water to its residents. The drinking water is obtained from the Sunnyside Uplands Aquifer. To ensure water supplied is of the highest quality, the City collaborated with the RES‘EAU-WaterNET, to conduct research to evaluate and identify technologies that are capable of providing a significant reduction of arsenic and manganese, to improve water quality. The City submitted a grant application to the Clean Water and Wastewater Fund (CWWF) for the construction of a water treatment plant to reduce arsenic and manganese in drinking water. The Government of Canada and the Province of British Columbia provided funding from the Clean Water and Wastewater Fund (CWWF) to the City of White Rock for the “Arsenic and Manganese Water Treatment Project. The City awarded a contract for the Design Build for a Water Treatment Plant to provide a major reduction in arsenic and manganese in drinking water. The Design Build project utilized the scientific findings from the research conducted. The construction of the plant started in March 2018, and the project is expected to be completed by March 2019.     

氧化还原电位控制硫酸生产含砷废水处理过程实验研究

以石灰-铁盐混凝沉淀法处理硫酸生产含砷废水,考察氧化还原电位(ORP)、曝气时间、pH及铁砷比的变化和影响。结果表明,砷去除率趋势与ORP基本一致,ORP可作为参考砷去除率的控制影响因素;一级处理pH 8~9,ORP 15 mV,铁砷比3,砷去除率达96%以上;二级处理pH 8~9,ORP 0 mV,铁砷比20,砷去除率达到60%以上。     

膜技术在饮用水除砷中的应用研究进展

以低压驱动膜的微滤膜(MF)与超滤膜(UF),和高压驱动膜的反渗透膜(RO)与纳滤膜(NF)为主,分析了目前国内外膜技术在饮用水除砷方面的效果、影响因素、浓水处理、膜污染及其清洗等方面的应用研究和进展情况,同时对膜技术优缺点及其在除砷中的应用研究方向与前景做了展望.     

改性活性炭除砷研究进展

砷一直以来是我国优先控制的污染物,随着现代化的高速发展,水中砷污染问题愈演愈烈。如何高效,环保的去除水中的砷是一个重要的研究方向。相比于传统方法投资费用高,二次污染严重等缺点,日前新兴起的对活性炭进行改性来除砷效果显著。对近些年处理水中砷的方法进行了简单综述,并进行了总结与展望。     

锰改性沸石去除水中砷的研究

研究了锰改性沸石（MOCZ）对水中砷的吸附效果、影响因素及其吸附除砷的机理。结果表明,当原水中的砷浓度为100μg·L-1时,在MOCZ与砷的质量比为100：1、温度为25℃、接触时间为240min、水样pH值为6～7的条件下,MOCZ对砷的去除率达到900．4以上,吸附后水样中砷浓度为9．50μg·L-1,低于《生活饮用水卫生标准》的要求（≤10μg·L-1）。Langmuir吸附等温模型能较好地描述MOCZ对水中砷的吸附行为,拟合曲线的相关系数R2=0．9856,初步推测为单层吸附。     

Arsenic removal by coagulation and filtration: comparison of groundwaters from the United States and Bangladesh

Arsenic contamination of drinking water is a concern in many parts of the world. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency recently reduced the maximum contaminant level of arsenic in drinking water from 50 to 10 μ/L (ppb). In Bangladesh the arsenic concentration in drinking water can be as high as hundreds of parts per billion while the maximum contaminant level is 50 ppb. Consequently, there is a great need for new cost-effective methods to remove arsenic from drinking water. Here arsenic removal by coagulation and filtration was investigated using groundwater from a city in southern Colorado in the United States and from Sonargaon in Bangladesh. The results of the bench-scale experiments conducted indicate that coagulation with ferric ions followed by filtration is effective in reducing arsenic concentration in the water tested. However, the actual efficiency of removal is highly dependent on the raw water quality. Further, addition of a polyelectrolyte coagulant aid may lead to improved permeate fluxes during tangential flow microfiltration but has little effect on the residual arsenic concentration.     

菱铁矿对砷的吸附解析特性试验研究

砷污染是地下水污染中的严重威胁之一。菱铁矿是砷吸附材料的一种,碳酸亚铁是菱铁矿中的主要成分之一。文章将菱铁矿与Fe2O3作对照,分别进行了静态试验和动态试验,初步探究了时间、温度、pH对砷在菱铁矿中的吸附解析行为的影响。结果表明,Fe2O3的吸附明显比菱铁矿好;pH在2到11范围内变化时,菱铁矿对砷的吸附曲线成M形;温度在20℃到40℃范围内变化时,菱铁矿对砷的吸附没有明显的变化;随着时间的变化,在前8个小时内,菱铁矿对砷的吸附速度较快,8小时之后,吸附曲线趋于平缓,说明最佳吸附时间是8小时。在解析实验中,在0.01 mol/L到0.5 mol/L范围内,随着NaOH浓度的增大,砷的解析率逐渐增大,其中在0.5 mol/L的时候达到最大,为50%。