对甲苯磺酸锕催化合成丙酸乙酯

研究了对甲苯磺酸铜催化丙酸与乙醇的酯化反应，考察了醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间对酯化率的影响。实验结果表明，其较优条件为：丙酸0.1mol，醇酸摩尔比1．5：1，催化剂用量1．8％（mol％）（基于丙酸的摩尔百分数），回流温度下反应2．0h，在此条件下酯化率可达93．6％。反应结束后对甲苯磺酸铜经过简单的相分离就可重复使用，无需再生，兼有均相和多相催化剂的优点。     

对甲苯磺酸铜催化合成邻苯二甲酸二丁酯

以对甲苯磺酸铜作为合成邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的催化剂，考察醇酸物质的量比、催化剂用量和反应时间对酯化率的影响。实验结果表明，其较优条件为邻苯二甲酸酐0.05 mol，醇酸物质的量比=2.0∶1,催化剂用量为原料邻苯二甲酸酐物质的量的1.5%，回流温度下反应2.5 h，在此条件下酯化率可达98.5%。反应后对甲苯磺酸铜经过简单的相分离就可重复使用，无需再生，兼有均相和多相催化剂的优点。     

壳聚糖硫酸盐催化丙酸丁酯的绿色合成研究

研究了丙酸与丁醇在壳聚糖硫酸盐催化剂作用下的酯化反应,考察了反应时间、催化剂用量、醇酸摩尔比等因素对丙酸丁酯酯化率的影响。实验结果表明反应的最佳条件为:丙酸用量为0.1mol,醇酸摩尔比为1.4,壳聚糖硫酸盐用量为1.2g,反应时间为1.5h,酯化率达97.2%,催化剂重复使用5次仍保持较高活性。无污染产生,具有绿色合成的特点。产品经折光率、红外光谱进行了表征。     

食用香料桂酸乙酯合成新工艺研究

研究了对甲苯磺酸铜催化桂酸与乙醇间的酯化反应,考察了醇酸物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间和带水剂用量等因素对酯化率的影响.结果表明反应的优化条件是:当桂酸用量为0.1mol,醇酸物质的量比为1.8,甲苯磺酸铜用量为1.1g,带水剂环己烷为12mL,回流反应2.5h后酯化率可达97.3%,催化剂重复使用7次仍可保持较高活性.     

对甲苯磺酸催化制备油酸异丙酯及动力学研究

油酸与异丙醇在对甲苯磺酸催化剂的作用下发生酯化反应制备油酸异丙酯,研究了催化剂用量、醇酸配比、反应时间、反应温度等对转化率的影响。结果表明,催化剂的量4%,醇酸体积比2.5∶1(摩尔比10.3∶1),反应温度75℃,反应时间5 h,酯化率达到91.8%。动力学计算表明,对甲苯磺酸催化制备油酸异丙酯的反应级数为1级,频率因子A=611.1,反应活化能为24.0 kJ/mol。     

活性炭固载对甲苯磺酸催化合成丁酸丁酯的研究

以正丁酸和正丁醇为原料,采用活性炭固载对甲苯磺酸催化合成丁酸丁酯。考察了酸醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间和催化剂重复使用次数对酯化率的影响,确定了最佳合成条件:醇酸摩尔比1∶1.3,催化剂用量2.5%(以正丁酸为基准),反应时间70 min,酯化率达97.8%。     

活性炭负载对甲苯磺酸铜催化合成乙酸正丁酯

以活性炭为载体,采用浸渍法制备了负载对甲苯磺酸铜催化剂,并以乙酸正丁酯的合成为模型反应,对催化剂的催化酯化反应性能进行初步评价,考察了负载量、催化剂用量和反应时间等因素对酯化反应的影响,利用XRD对反应前、后的催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,在对甲苯磺酸铜负载质量分数20％、催化剂用量1.2 g、反应时间150 min和醇酸物质的量比1.5∶1的条件下,酯化率达93.1％,催化剂可重复使用。     

衣康酸二正辛酯的合成与表征

采用衣康酸和正辛醇为原料,以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂合成了衣康酸二正辛酯。研究了反应温度、反应时间、醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量等因素对酯化反应的影响,确定了最佳的酯化反应条件:反应温度为140℃,反应时间为3.0 h,醇酸摩尔比为2.20∶1,对甲苯磺酸用量为衣康酸质量的2.0%。最后对产物进行了红外光谱和气相色谱分析,通过谱图分析符合衣康酸二正辛酯的结构特征,且纯度为99.7%。     

衣康酸二正辛酯的合成与表征

采用衣康酸和正辛醇为原料,以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂合成了衣康酸二正辛酯。研究了反应温度、反应时间、醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量等因素对酯化反应的影响,确定了最佳的酯化反应条件:反应温度为140℃,反应时间为3.0 h,醇酸摩尔比为2.20∶1,对甲苯磺酸用量为衣康酸质量的2.0%。最后对产物进行了红外光谱和气相色谱分析,通过谱图分析符合衣康酸二正辛酯的结构特征,且纯度为99.7%。     

固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2/La3+催化合成丙酸异戊酯

制备固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2/La3 催化合成了丙酸异戊酯,酯化率可达95.7%,且催化剂可重复使用。适宜的反应条件为:正丙酸0.2 mol,反应时间2 h,催化剂用量0.8 g,醇酸摩尔比1.6,带水剂甲苯用量12 mL。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。