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石化设备腐蚀开裂的回顾与思考 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
余存烨 《石油化工腐蚀与防护》2006,23(2):19-22
对中国石化上海石油化工股份有限公司历年来发生的热交换器、塔器、膨胀节与螺栓等设备腐蚀开裂情况作了回顾,从使用环境、材质、结构、制作与管理等方面进行了分析,提出了应加强设备管理的建议。 相似文献
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随着信息技术的发展,结合商务智能等信息技术的应用,打造智能数字化炼油厂将是未来炼油工业发展的重要趋势。介绍了数字化工厂的起源及发展现状,阐述了数字化工厂技术在炼油企业的实现方式,总结了数字化炼油厂的基本特征、体系结构、应用架构、模型资源库等内容。介绍了现阶段支撑数字化炼油厂的关键技术,包括虚拟现实、数字化仿真和优化、基于SOA(面向服务的架构)和BPM(业务流程管理)的集成、物联网等技术,并列举了数字化炼油厂在三维工厂、数字化设计、生产运营、移动巡检、知识管理等领域的应用案例。 相似文献
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驱油用表面活性剂的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
隋智慧 《精细石油化工进展》2005,6(1):7-11
综述了驱油用表面活性剂种类、制备方法、应用和研究趋势。三次采油中阴离子型表面活性剂应用最为普遍,其中以石油磺酸盐和烷基苯磺酸盐为最多,已有工业化产品;非离子表面活性剂常与磺酸盐类表面活性剂复配使用,可提高磺酸盐表面活性剂抗二价阳离子能力;生物发酵法制备的鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂生产成本低,环境污染小,并已有工业化产品,是一种很有潜力的驱油体系;孪生表面活性剂具有许多优异的性能,在三次采油中应用前景广阔。研制耐高含盐量、耐高温、吸附损失低、成本低的表面活性剂成为驱油用表面活性剂的研究趋势。 相似文献
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复合乳化剂在苯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯细乳液聚合中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了由两种可聚合型乳化剂马来酸酐单十六酯羧酸钠(HEC16)和马来酸酐单甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯羧酸钠(MAEM)组成的复配乳化剂在St/MMA细乳液聚合中的应用。考察了复合乳化剂的比例、浓度对单体转化率和乳胶粒径大小及形貌的影响。研究结果表明,复合乳化剂在细乳液中的cmc较其在水中的cmc大。在复合乳化剂浓度不变的情况下,随MAEM比例的增加,复合乳化剂的cmc逐渐增大,复合乳化剂的转化率在单体聚合的前、后期均逐渐提高,单体液体粒径及乳胶粒径逐渐增大,小粒子逐渐增多,乳胶粒径分布逐渐变宽,单体聚合速率逐渐降低。 相似文献
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对氨基磺酸型两性表面活性剂的开发进行了综述.根据氨基磺酸型两性表面活性剂的正电荷中心、链接方式、氨基和磺基的数目以及亲水基和疏水基的数目将其分为4大类.氨基磺酸型两性表面活性剂主要通过脂肪胺与卤代磺化剂、磺内酯和无机磺化剂等3类磺化剂烷基化反应而合成.介绍了氨基磺酸型两性表面活性剂的表面活性、洗涤能力、抗盐能力、生物降解性及配伍性等性能,并对氨基磺酸型两性表面活性剂研究方向提出建议. 相似文献
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Ismail A. Aiad Salah M. Tawfik Mohamed El-Shafie Abdel Latif A. Rhman 《Egyptian Journal of Petroleum》2018,27(3):327-334
A series of cationic surfactants were synthesized from chemical modification of 4-aminoantipyrine. The chemical structures were confirmed using infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. The surface activities of the surfactants in their solutions were determined by surface tension measurements. Increasing the hydrophobic chain length increased the surface activity of the surfactants in solutions. Measurements of interfacial tension between surfactants solutions and light paraffin oil showed that the interfacial tension values were decreased with increasing the alkyl chain length. The emulsion stability measurements showed the applicability of these surfactants as emulsifying agents. The foaming power measurements showed the synthesized surfactants have low ability for foam formation. Thermodynamic properties of adsorption and micellization processes showed their tendency towards adsorption at solution interface and micellization in their solutions. Results showed reasonable surface activities compared to conventional cationic surfactants. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized surfactants against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphyl. aureus, Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli.) and Fungi (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) was evaluated. The efficiency of these compounds as antimicrobial agents) was increased with the hydrophobicity and carbon chain length. 相似文献
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Gemini表面活性剂不同于常规表面活性剂,其临界胶束浓度低,润湿性好,表面张力、Krafft点低,聚集形态特殊,引起广泛关注。介绍了近年来有关阴离子、阳离子和两性离子低聚表面活性剂的最新结构,阐述了聚合度、联接基和疏水基对Gemini表面活性剂性质的影响,同时介绍了其应用。 相似文献
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结构及用量对脂肪醇/烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐界面活性的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
测试了不同条件下烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐(NNN系列)和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐(NNA系列)表面活性剂的界面活性,测试结果表明,NNA系列表面活性剂的界面活性明显优于NNN系列,而且不同表面活性剂的使用浓度存在一个较佳范围。运用界面膜理论、相似相溶原理、HLB值基数计算法分析了NNA系列表面活性剂和NNN系列表面活性剂的界面活性,分析结果表明,NNA系列表面活性剂分子亲油基是柔性脂肪烃链,油水界面处排列紧密,能有效降低油水界面张力;NNN系列亲油基含结构稳定的苯环结构,形成平面正六边形,油水界面处疏水基覆盖率低,因此界面活性低。理论分析结果与试验结果一致性较好。 相似文献
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In this study, different metallocationic surfactants were prepared by reaction of N,N dimethyl ethylene diamine with benzaldehyde (Schiff base reaction) then quaternized the resulted tertiary amines with different alkyl halides such as dodecyl bromide and hexadecyl bromide to produce a series of quaternary ammonium salts. Finally, complexing the cationic surfactants with stannous chloride and cobalt chloride to give the corresponding metallocationic surfactants. Surface tension of these surfactants at four different temperatures was investigated. The surface and thermodynamic parameters were studied. FTIR spectra were done to confirm the structure of the compounds and their purity. The antimicrobial activity of the prepared complexes was determined via the inhibition zone diameter against different microorganisms also against sulfate reducing bacteria by the dilution method. The results indicate that these metallocationic surfactants have good surface properties and good biological activity on different microorganisms. 相似文献
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In order to understand the synergistic effect of surfactants and nanofluids on enhancing recovery, hydrophilic and hydrophobic alumina nanomaterials were prepared for alumina nanofluids with surfactants. Oil-water interfacial tension and emulsion stability were investigated. The experimental results showed that nanofluids cooperated with surfactants could reduce oil-water interfacial tension in the proper concentration range, Nanoparticles decreased the average size of droplets, and restrained creaming and coalescence, therefore stabilizing the emulsion. The effect of nanofluids on the viscosity of heavy oil was also tested. The results indicated that the viscosity of heavy oil with surfactants was reduced by 42.8% when nanofluids were added at the shear rate of 10 s?1. 相似文献