基于小波包变换的多载波调制解调算法及其DSP实现

小波包调制(WPM)是基于小波包理论的一种新型多载波调制方式。国内外以往的研究主要集中在方案研究和性能仿真方面,本文提出了DSP实现小波包调制的方案并用高速DSP芯片实现了小波包调制的快速算法及代码优化。实时运行结果表明:用高速DSP芯片可以满足WPM所需的大计算量和高速移动通信的要求。     

Optimization of Peak to Average Power Reduction in OFDM

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) a multicarrier system [1, 2] provides base for all advanced wireless communication system. The performance of OFDM is degraded by peak-to-averagepower ratio (PAPR). High PAPR requires high power amplifiers (HPAs). The nonlinearity of the HPA exhibits amplitude and section distortions, that cause loss of orthogonality among the subcarriers, and hence, intercarrier interference (ICI) is introduced inside the transmitted signal. Not only that, high PAPR put together lands up in in-band distortion and out-of-band radiation. Rather than using HPA’s, the only way to improve performance of OFDM system is to reduce PAPR. The PAPR reduction of OFDM system gives fair reduction in PAPR under partial transmits sequence (PTS) and DCT-SLM techniques. Here in this paper we proposed a combination of PTS and DCT-SLM and an algorithm to cut back the PAPR. This hybrid combined technique reduces PAPR effectively and minimizes the complexity of PTS technique.     

PAPR analysis of wavelet based multitaper GFDM system

To guarantee a reliable, accurate communication with reduced latency and increased throughput, one of the 5G candidates Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) has emerged out. Due to the non-orthogonal nature of GFDM inherent Inter Symbol Interference (ISI), Inter Carrier Interference (ICI) and high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) may occur. In order to combat such effects prolate windows are incorporated as a prototype filter to design an improved orthogonal system which provides a robust multitaper GFDM (MGFDM) carrier technique for next generation wireless networks, which outperforms conventional GFDM in terms of PAPR. In this paper, we propose a novel wavelet based MGFDM (WM-GFDM) to further reduce the PAPR by considering various wavelet transforms such as Haar, Daubechies, symlets, coiflets, Biorthogonal, Reverse Biorthogonal and Discrete Meyer Wavelets. Here, the conventional Fourier Transforms as used in traditional systems was replaced with Wavelet Transforms. The results show that PAPR performance with wavelet implementation outperformed both conventional GFDM and MGFDM by several dB. In addition, symbol error rate (SER) of WM-GFDM in comparison with conventional GFDM, MGFDM and Orthogonal FDM (OFDM) is analyzed along with spectral comparison where the results suggest that WM-GFDM follows the steps of GFDM and MGFDM.     

Performance analysis of WPM‐based transmission with equalization‐aware bit loading

Wavelet packet modulation (WPM) is a multicarrier modulation (MCM) technique that has emerged as a potential alternative to the widely used orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) method. Because WPM has overlapped symbols, equalization cannot rely on the use of the cyclic prefix (CP), which is used in OFDM. This study applies linear minimum mean‐square error (MMSE) equalization in the time domain instead of in the frequency domain to achieve low computational complexity. With a modest equalizer filter length, the imperfection of MMSE equalization results in subcarrier attenuation and noise amplification, which are considered in the development of a bit‐loading algorithm. Analytical expressions for the bit error rate (BER) performance are derived and validated using simulation results. A performance evaluation is carried out in different test scenarios as per Recommendation ITU‐R M.1225. Numerical results show that WPM with equalization‐aware bit loading outperforms OFDM with bit loading. Because previous comparisons between WPM and OFDM did not include bit loading, the results obtained provide additional evidence of the benefits of WPM over OFDM.     

最佳小波包多载波调制解调技术

本文利用离散小波包变换（ＤＷＰＴ）导出信号窨的诱导小波包基。在此基础上建立起基于ＤＷＰＴ的小波包多载波传输系统的概念,提出了最佳小波包多载波市制解调技术。技术根据给定的信道特性,采用类似于最佳基搜索城众多的小波包多载波市制解调方案中快速寻求出最佳方案,使得系统解调出的信号中所要信号与符号间干扰的信干比在不增强噪声的前提下达了最大。     

Peak-to-average power reduction using partial transmit sequences: a suboptimal approach based on dual layered phase sequencing

A high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is a major shortcoming in multicarrier systems, as it causes nonlinearity in the transmitter, degrading the performance of the system significantly. Partial transmit sequences (PTS) is one of the best methods in reducing PAPR, in which the information-bearing subcarriers are divided into M disjoint subblocks, each controlled by a phase rotation factor which brings PAPR down. Though PAPR reduction by PTS is more effective with more subblocks, there is a corresponding exponential increase in complexity. In this paper, a novel implementation of PTS is presented, in which a dual-layered approach is employed to reduce the complexity.     

Dual symbol optimization‐based partial transmit sequence technique for PAPR reduction in WOLA‐OFDM waveform

Weighted overlap and add‐orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (WOLA‐OFDM) is a new waveform proposed recently for meeting the requirements of fifth generation (5G) telecommunication standards. In spite of being a serious 5G waveform candidate, WOLA‐OFDM is exposed to the problem of high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) similar to the other waveforms in which multicarrier transmission strategy is employed. Due to the overlapping nature of WOLA‐OFDM waveform, where the extension of the current symbol is overlapped with the extension of the previous symbol, it will not be efficient to apply conventional PTS (C‐PTS) directly to the WOLA‐OFDM waveform. Therefore, in this paper, we propose dual symbol optimization‐based partial transmit sequence (DSO‐PTS) technique for PAPR reduction in WOLA‐OFDM waveform. In our proposed technique, two adjacent symbols are jointly considered when searching for the optimal data block with minimum PAPR unlike the C‐PTS where the adjacent symbols are optimized individually. In the simulations, our proposed DSO‐PTS technique, C‐PTS, and GreenOFDM that is developed recently by modifying the conventional selective mapping (SLM) method are compared with each other with regard to PAPR reduction performance for different search numbers (SNs). In addition, the effects of DSO‐PTS, C‐PTS, and GreenOFDM on the amount of out of band (OOB) radiation in the power spectral density (PSD) graph of WOLA‐OFDM employing solid state power amplifier (SSPA) is measured for different SNs and input back off (IBO) values. According to the simulation results, our proposed DSO‐PTS technique clearly demonstrates a superior PAPR reduction and PSD performance.     

Wavelet packet modulation for wireless communications

As proven by the success of OFDM, multicarrier modulation has been recognized as an efficient solution for wireless communications. Waveform bases other than sine functions could similarly be used for multicarrier systems in order to provide an alternative to OFDM. In this paper, we study the performance of wavelet packet transform modulation (WPM) for transmission over wireless channels. This scheme is shown to be overall quite similar to OFDM but with some interesting additional features and improved characteristics. A detailed analysis of the system's implementation complexity as well as an evaluation of the influence of implementation‐related impairments are also reported. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Improving PAPR performance of filtered OFDM for 5G communications using PTS

The filtered orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (F-OFDM) system has been recommended as a waveform candidate for fifth-generation (5G) communications. The suppression of out-of-band emission (OOBE) and asynchronous transmission are the distinctive features of the filtering-based waveform frameworks. Meanwhile, the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is still a challenge for the new waveform candidates. Partial transmit sequence (PTS) is an effective technique for mitigating the trend of high PAPR in multicarrier systems. In this study, the PTS technique is employed to reduce the high PAPR value of an F-OFDM system. Then, this system is compared with the OFDM system. In addition, the other related parameters such as frequency localization, bit error rate (BER), and computational complexity are evaluated and analyzed for both systems with and without PTS. The simulation results indicate that the F-OFDM based on PTS achieves higher levels of PAPR, BER, and OOBE performances compared with OFDM. Moreover, the BER performance of F-OFDM is uninfluenced by the use of the PTS technique.     

基于频域导频PTS-OFDM系统峰平比降低技术

对于无线通信系统而言,OFDM是一种非常有吸引力的传输技术,但是OFDM信号具有较高的峰平比特性.为了减小信号峰平比,本文利用部分传输序列PTS技术,提出了一种适用于基于频域导频OFDM系统的峰平比降低实现方案,给出了其实现算法及系统控制策略;并利用计算机仿真对该系统的峰平比和误码率性能进行了分析,仿真结果表明:PTS技术可以有效地改善OFDM信号的高峰平比特性.本方案采用FPGA实现其相应的硬件电路,经过实际的OFDM系统样机传输测试,证明了所提方法的实用性及其良好的性能.     

基于小波包的多载波技术

首先比较基于3种小波调制的多载波技术的优劣，波包调制（WPM）无论在多速率分配还是在抗干扰方面都要优于多尺度调制（MSM）和M频带小波调制（MWM）。然后，引入双正交小波作为了载波的基函数，仿真它在AWGN信道和平坦瑞利落信道下的性能并对结果进行分析，引入双正交小波是系统实用化的关键一步。     

Design and Analysis of a Wavelet Packet Modulation Based Differential Chaos Shift Keying Communication System

Wireless Personal Communications - In this paper, a new multicarrier based DCSK system that is combined a wavelet packet modulation (WPM) with differential chaos shift keying (DCSK) and named...     

A hybrid technique for the PAPR reduction of NOMA waveform

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a great contender for future cellular modulation due to its desirable properties like massive connectivity, high data rate transmission, and high spectral efficiency. However, its peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is significant, which becomes a significant disadvantage for the efficient operability of the NOMA waveform compared to current techniques. Several PAPR reduction algorithms like selective mapping (SLM), partial transmission sequence (PTS), and companding techniques have been proposed to lower the PAPR of multicarrier waveforms (MCWs). PTS reduces the PAPR but has high complexity. On the other hand, SLM has a less complex framework, but its PAPR performance is not as efficient as PTS. Companding methods reduce the PAPR by compressing the signals at the transmitter, which unfortunately reduces the dynamic range of the signal. In this work, we propose a hybrid algorithm (SLM + PTS) with a companding method for the first time for the NOMA waveform, which efficiently reduces the PAPR with low computational complexity. Furthermore, we compare the performances of a host of candidate algorithms like SLM, PTS, hybrid (SLM + PTS), hybrid + A law (SLM–PTS–A law), and hybrid + Mu law (SLM–PTS–Mu law). The results of the experiments show that the hybrid + Mu law did a better job than the existing PAPR reduction algorithms.     

Application de la modulation multiporteuse par paquets d’ondelettes aux transmissions sans fil

Based on the good time-frequency characteristics of the pulse shaping, it is possible to build a multicarrier modulation that reduces wireless interferences. In this paper, the Wavelet Packet Modulation (WPM) is applied to wireless communications and a new wavelet based multicarrier modulation is proposed which used complex wavelets. Simulations show that WPM outperforms the useful OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) modulation for a transmission with strong narrowband interferences. For a multipath channel transmission, the use of complex wavelet outperforms the use of the real one and outperforms OFDM modulation when the cyclic prefix is not used.     

一种基于小波包变换的MC-CDMA系统

本文提出了一种基于小波包变换的多载波子信道并行传输的ＣＤＭＡ系统模型和利用不同小波包子空间进行分集接收的概念,结合多径信道,进行了理论分析,利用ＧＳＭ－ＴＵ６信道模型对所提出的系统进行了性能仿真,并与基于ＤＦＴ变换的系统进行了比较。     

一种降低OFDM信号峰均比的低复杂度双层搜索算法

在OFDM峰均比抑制技术中,采用传统的PTS算法得到的相位旋转因子随着长度的增加,存在搜索代价过高的问题,从而影响了系统的性能。为有效降低系统的峰均比,同时避免过多的搜索代价,设计了一种新的峰均比抑制算法。与传统算法相比较,该算法将汉明距离的概念应用到传统双层搜索算法中,针对不同的相位旋转因子长度,在每一层进行不同策略的搜索,得到不同的改进方案。仿真结果表明,在搜索次数相近的情况下,该算法相较传统算法能将峰均比在原有基础上再降低0.1 dB左右,而且随着相位旋转因子长度的增加,效果更加明显。同时,该算法在系统性能与搜索次数上的平衡相对传统算法也更为灵活。     

光OFDM系统中基于PTS算法对峰均比抑制技术的分析

针对光正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中峰值平均功率比(PAPR)较高的缺点,重点研究了基于部分序列传输法(PTS)的峰均比抑制技术,提出一种改进的加强迭代PTS搜索技术(EIA-PTS),该技术能够降低原PTS的计算复杂度.仿真表明:原PTS方法随着相应参数的增加,迭代次数呈指数型增长,而EIA-PTS技术的迭代次数基本保持平稳且低于原PTS方法.在此基础上,又将EIA-PTS与削波(Clipping)技术相结合,提出了峰均比EIA-PTS-Clipping联合抑制技术.与EIA-PTS技术相比,该技术进一步提升了系统PAPR的抑制性能,能在系统误码率(BER)性能与PAPR抑制效果之间取得更好的折衷,具有较高的利用价值.     

小波包跳频通信系统的性能分析

介绍了将小波包调制（WPM）技术与跳频技术相结合的高效通信方式,即小波包跳频（WPM-FH）通信系统。利用特征函数法分析和推导了系统在高斯信道、瑞利衰落信道下的误码性能,给出了用户数,跳频点数及子信道数与系统性能之间的关系。理论分析和实验仿真表明,该系统不仅保持了小波包调制技术的优点,提高了频谱利用率,且具有较好的抗多径衰落和抗干扰能力,较好地改善了通信系统性能。同时,为了进一步改善多径衰落对系统性能的影响,在接收端加入了自适应均衡技术,实验结果表明系统性能得到了一定的提高。      

A partial transmit sequence technique with error correction capability and low computation

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a popular transmission technique in wireless communication. Although already widely addressed in many studies, OFDM still has flaws, one of which is the occurrence of high peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) in the transmission signal. The partial transmit sequence (PTS) technique is one method adopted to reduce high PAPR in OFDM systems. However, as PTS utilizes phase factors to generate multiple candidate signals, large amounts of calculation and time are required to search the candidate signal with the minimal PAPR, which will then be adopted as the final transmission signal. This paper proposes a novel PAPR reduction method, which can be applied in OFDM systems with M‐ary phase‐shift keying modulation. It not only requires less computation but also possesses error correction capabilities. More precisely, the proposed method is to divide a block‐coded modulation code into the direct sum of a correcting subcode for encoding information bits and a scrambling subcode for generating phase factors. Our proposed method is a suboptimal technique with low computation, because it uses a genetic algorithm with a partheno‐crossover operator as the transmitted signal selection mechanism. Simulation results show our proposed method has better PAPR performance than the GA‐PTS scheme. Based on the simulation results in Figures 5 and 6, it is evident that our proposed method can be employed in any OFDM system by using M‐PSK modulation.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于小波变换/小波包变换的多载波调制技术

小波/小波包在通信系统中的应用是近年来一个新的研究领域,而基于小波/小波包变换的多载波调制技术是其中一大研究热点。由于小波/小波包基函数具有良好的正交性与时频局域性等特点,基于小波/小波包变换的多载波调制技术,能够有效地提高通信系统性能。本文介绍了当前几种主要的基于小波/小波包变换的多载波调制方案,分析了这些方案的性能特点及发展趋势,并与其他方案进行了比较。