大亚湾核电站高效过滤器和碘吸附器现场试验的质量控制

现场试验是保证高效过滤器和碘吸附器有效性的必要措施，本文介绍了近几年在大亚湾核电站进行高效过滤器和碘吸附器定期现场试验中质量保证的一些基本情况和所采取的质量控制措施。     

XZ—1200型折叠式碘吸附器的研制

碘吸附器是去除核电站工艺废气和排风中放射性碘污染物的核心设备，本文介绍了中国辐射防护研究院研制的ＸＺ－１２００折叠式碘吸附器的结构，材料，技术参数，性能特点和样机在大亚湾核电站的现场使用情况以及有与法国同类碘吸附的性能的比较结果。     

用非剧毒试剂制备气态放射性甲基碘在碘吸附器检验中的初步应用

采用非剧毒三甲基氯硅烷/碘化钠作为去烷基化试剂与磷酰基乙酸三甲酯反应,代替剧毒品硫酸二甲酯制备用于碘吸附器检验的气态放射性甲基碘。分别在实验室碘吸附器整机检验装置和核电站通风净化系统中,采用替代方法与"硫酸二甲酯法"进行了碘吸附器净化系数测定的对比试验,同时试验观察了替代试剂对甲基碘发生器有机材料部件的影响。试验结果表明,采用替代方法与"硫酸二甲酯法"测得的碘吸附器净化系数基本一致,所用替代试剂与试验装置相容性较好,初步判定可用于碘吸附器整机检验和核电站碘吸附器现场试验,具有广阔的应用前景。     

碘吸附器样品外部取样技术可行性分析研究

探讨了国内外不同碘吸附器取样技术及使用现状,分析了碘吸附器取样代表性影响因素并进行了验证试验。结果表明:当取样装置中的炭床厚度和经过取样装置的压力降与通过吸附器排架的炭床厚度和压力降相同时,才能保证取出的样品具有代表性。应用本研究结果对本文所设计的两种外部取样装置进行了可行性分析。     

碘吸附器净化效率随气流相对湿度变化的研究

阐述了相对湿度的变化对碘吸附器净化效率的影响,介绍了大亚湾核电站DVC(主控室空调)系统碘吸附器的研究试验结果,并和国内外碘吸附器研究机构所做的试验结果作了比较,其结果均表明,在一定条件下,碘吸附器的净化效率随相对湿度的变化是可逆的.还讨论了碘吸附器的净化效率随相对湿度的变化关系,为预测同一碘吸附器在不同相对湿度下的净化效率提供参考.     

菱形结构深床式碘吸附器性能研究

本文通过对菱形结构深床式吸附器内部流场模拟分析、抗震模拟分析以及吸附器性能测试,全面考察了菱形结构深床吸附器结构设计合理性、安全性和性能可靠性。研究结果表明：菱形结构深床吸附器内部气流分布均匀,结构设计合理;吸附器结构强度满足规范要求;吸附床能够从流经吸附床的气流中均匀地吸附气态污染物,无明显气流穿透现象;吸附器整机机械泄漏率小于万分之一、对放射性甲基碘的净化效率不低于99.997%,总体满足核设施碘吸附器放射性碘的净化处理需求。     

碘吸附器吸附效率对核动力厂应急控制中心工作人员受照剂量影响研究

为保证核动力厂应急控制中心在发生放射性大量释放事故时的可居留性,为其设计和安装了应急通风过滤系统,碘吸附器是该通风系统的主要碘过滤装置。碘吸附器的工作原理决定了其吸附效率受工作环境的温度、相对湿度、进风碘浓度等因素影响。针对某核动力厂应急控制中心设计特征,研究了在RG1.183DBALOCA和S3事故源项下,碘吸附器的吸附效率与室内工作人员接受的有效剂量、甲状腺当量剂量的对应关系,进行了线性拟合,给出了拟合系数,可用于事故后果快速剂量估算。     

碘吸附器在核电厂通风系统中的应用

碘吸附器是核电厂通风系统中普遍使用的用于保障在事故工况下主控室可居留环境和减少排风放射性水平以满足排放限值要求的部件。它对核电厂事故产物中放射性碘元素的吸附效率或净化系数直接影响到相关安全分析的结论;碘吸附器在通风系统中的防火设计也是核电厂防火系统安全审评中关注的重要问题。本文阐述了碘吸附器在核电厂应用中需要考虑的问题...     

用三甲基氯硅烷/碘化钠制备气态放射性甲基碘的实验研究

本文试验研究了在碘吸附器净化系数测定中采用非剧毒试剂替代目前广泛使用的剧毒品硫酸二甲酯制备气态放射性甲基碘的可行性。试验结果表明：本文所选择的三甲基氯硅烷/碘化钠（或碘化钾）作为碘化剂与磷酰基乙酸三甲酯反应制备气态甲基碘是较好的一种替代方法,其反应条件和甲基碘产率均达到碘吸附器整机检验和核电站现场试验的要求;替代试剂对碘吸附器中的核级浸渍活性炭几乎无影响。初步判断该替代方法可代替传统的硫酸二甲酯法制备气态放射性甲基碘。     

环己烷法用于碘吸附器泄漏率检测技术研究

环己烷法是人员可居留空间碘吸附器有效性评价试验方法之一。通过泄漏率模拟试验、环己烷法与氟利昂法对比试验、重复性试验、现场应用对比试验等研究结果表明:环己烷试验方法能够有效测量通风系统中碘吸附器微小泄漏,是一种灵敏度高且重复性好的检测方法;采用环己烷法泄漏率测量结果与氟利昂法和放射性甲基碘法结果一致,各项性能指标均满足碘吸附器泄漏率检测要求,可替代氟利昂法和放射性甲基碘法用于碘吸附器泄漏率检测试验。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.