Ni/SiO2催化制备炭/炭复合材料研究

利用常规化学气相渗透工艺，在针刺炭布预制体中添加3．5％，4．O％Ni／SiO2负载型金属催化剂，以丙烯作碳源气体，在750-900℃下，经过100h的沉积，炭／炭（C／C）复合材料的密度达到1．65g／cm^3，其催化沉积炭的速率比不舍催化剂时提高了3倍以上。该材料经高温处理后，氧化失重率低，氧化起始温度高。应用扫描电镜（SEM），X射线衍射分析（XRD）和光学显微镜观察了基体炭的形貌，分析了催化沉积炭和抗氧化机理。实验结果证明，用该催化化学气相渗透法制备C／C复合材料，周期短，成本低，抗氧化性能好。     

炭/炭复合材料在 X射线下可视化处理研究

炭／炭复合材料作为种植体在X射线下几乎是透明的，通过在炭／炭复合材料中添加金属钨可以解决炭／炭复合材料在X射线下的可视化问题。用浸渍法将可溶性钨酸盐浸渍到炭／炭复合材料的孔隙中，300℃下将钨酸盐转变成三氧化钨，在540～660℃下、氢气气氛中将三氧化钨还原成金属钨。研究结果表明，用浸渍法可将可溶性钨酸盐浸渍到炭／炭复合材料的孔隙中，将浸入炭／炭复合材料中的钨酸盐还原成金属钨可以在一定程度上改善炭／炭复合材料在X射线下的可视性。经过10次可溶性钨酸盐浸渍处理后，炭／炭复合材料中的金属钨含量可达到3．23％．在X光片中表现出的密度与人牙标本的根部近似。     

预制体结构对炭／炭复合材料力学性能影响

四种用于制备炭／炭（C／C）复合材料的预制体，即1K发布叠层坯体（1#坯体），3K发布叠层坯体（4#坯体），发市 炭纸叠层坯体（2#坯体），特殊炭毡 发布叠层坯体（3#坯本），并探索了预制体结构对C／C复合材料力学性能影响．研究表明：用1#坯体制备的C／C复合材料弯曲强度最高，2#坏体制备的材料弯曲强度最低，随著炭纤维（CF）体积含量的增加，用四种坯体制备的材料弯曲强度增大。确定了弯曲强度的优化配方．     

纤维体积含量对炭／炭复合材料性能的影响

通过对不同纤维体积含量的炭／炭复合材料进行力学性能、导热、导电性能试验,分析了纤维体积含量对炭／炭复合材料性能的影响。初始坯体的纤维体积含量对炭／炭复合材料力学性能影响较大,导热、导电性能则与材料内部结构关联较大而与纤维体积含量的关系不大。预制坯体的纤维体积含量选为25％至30％为最好。     

钨酚醛树脂连接炭/炭复合材料的工艺研究

以钨酚醛树脂为原料基体，添加适量的钨粉，对炭／炭复合材料进行连接试验，测试了不同温度处理后连接处的室温剪切强度。结果表明，经1500℃处理后连接处仍保持较高的连接强度，最高可达16．1MP。。利用XRD和SEM研究了接头的组成和形貌，并探讨了钨粉含量及热处理温度对接头强度的影响。     

难熔金属炭化物改性基体对炭/炭复合材料抗氧化性能的影响

主要对难熔金属改性炭基体的炭／炭复合材料的抗氧化性能进行了较深入的研究。实验的结果表明，在以中间相沥青为基体先驱体、以PAN—CF为增强体的炭／炭复合材料中，采用Ti、W、Zr、Ta、等过渡区金属化合物为添加剂，以Co、Ni为助液相烧结剂，以TiCl4、ZrOCl2等为助炭化剂，通过在材料的内部生成多元金属炭化物，形成一种内部的多层次梯度防护体系，较大幅度地提高了炭／炭材料的抗氧化性能，实现了在改性剂添加量2％-3％的情况下，炭／炭材料氧化失重率下降超过80％，在1100℃小情况下，材料氧化失重小于5％的良好效果。     

炭/炭复合材料的热物理性能

综述了炭／炭复合材料的热物理性能及其影响因素。炭／炭复合材料热导率的大小由炭纤维的类型、取向、体积分数以及基体的结构类型决定，热处理工艺也对它有很大的影响。炭／炭复合材料的热导率随温度升高一般先升高后降低。炭／炭复合材料在低温时具有负热膨胀系数，影响其这一性能的因素除了坯体结构和基体     

镍催化制备炭/炭复合材料

利用催化化学气相沉积法制备炭／炭复合材料，研究了反应温度、前驱体气体含量、催化剂含量和时间对所制备的炭／炭复合材料密度的影响，采用扫描电镜观察分析了基体碳的形貌。结果表明，利用催化剂镍可制取密度达1．594g／cm^3的炭／炭复合材料，并有晶须状基体碳生成。在各种工艺参数中，对炭／炭复合材料的密度影响最大的是温度和前驱体气体，其次为催化剂含量，最后是时间。     

热处理温度对炭/炭复合材料性能的影响

对同一种炭／炭复合材料，经过不同温度热处理后的微观结构、石墨化度、导热系数、抗弯强度和摩擦磨损性能进行了对比研究。试验表明：随着最终热处理温度的提高，易石墨化的热解炭偏振光下光学活性增强，而难石墨化的热解炭微观结构几乎没有变化；炭／炭复合材料的晶粒逐渐长大，层面间距缩小，石墨化度有较大提高；平行炭布方向的导热系数和垂直炭布方向的导热系数均有上升。同时，由于基体炭与炭纤维两者热膨胀系数的差别，热处理温度的提高，降低了基体与增强纤维的的结合强度，使炭／炭复合材料的抗弯强度降低。试验还表明：随着热处理温度的提高，炭／炭复合材料的摩擦表面逐渐形成薄而致密的自润滑膜，摩擦系数在经过一个峰值后趋于平稳状态，磨损量下降明显。经l800℃热处理的质量损失主要是由氧化造成的。     

基于RPM的炭/炭复合材料人工骨预制体成型技术研究

炭／炭复合材料是一种新型的炭纤维增强的以炭为基体的高性能复合材料，其增强相和基体都由碳元素构成，不仅具有炭材料固有的生物相容性，而且还具有纤维增强复合材料的高强度与高韧性，对其应用于人体组织材料进行了广泛的研究。通过应用RPM技术及快速模具，解决了复杂形状炭／炭复合材料难成型的问题，并对其在生物领域的应用进行了展望。     

Electromagnetic interference properties of carbon nanofiber–reinforced acrylonitrile–styrene–acrylate/natural graphite composites

Acrylonitrile–styrene–acrylate/natural graphite/carbon nanofiber composites (ASA/NG/CNF) were prepared using a melting blending method. The effects of CNFs on the morphology, rheological properties, dynamical mechanical properties, electrical resistivity, and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) were studied using a scanning electron microscope, a rotational rheometer, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The addition of CNFs changed the oriented and laminated structure of the ASA/NG composite. The flexural strength of the ASA composite reached a maximum at 6% CNF, and then it began to decrease. The addition of CNFs did not alter the glass‐transition temperature of ASA, but it largely increased the storage modulus of the composite in DMA tests. In the rheological measurements, the complex viscosity and storage modulus of the composite increased as CNF content increased, and the resistance to creep of the composites was significantly increased by the addition of CNFs. The electrical resistivity of the ASA composites decreased from 49.8 Ω cm to 2.3 Ω cm as the CNF content was increased from 0 to 12%. At the same time, the EMI properties of the composites rose from 15 dB to 30 dB in the frequency range 30–1500 MHz. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45455.     

碳纳米管对酚醛树脂/碳纤维复合材料力学性能的影响

利用碳纳米管(CNTs)对酚醛树脂(PF)进行改性,研究了CNTs含量对PF/碳纤维(CF)复合材料力学性能的影响。研究表明,CNTs能够明显提高PF/CF复合材料的力学性能,当CNTs的含量为0.5%时,复合材料的弯曲强度达到最大值(891.8MPa),与未加入CNTs时相比提高了168.4MPa,而弯曲弹性模量降低了9.5GPa;当CNTs的含量为1.5%时,复合材料的压缩强度、层间剪切强度、冲击强度均达到最大值,与未加入CNTs时相比,分别提高了10.4%、79.2%、71.9%。     

Mechanical and electrical properties of carbon nanofibers reinforced aluminum nitride composites prepared by plasma activated sintering

High density carbon nanofibers (CNFs) reinforced aluminum nitride (AlN) composites were successfully fabricated by plasma activated sintering (PAS) method. The effects of CNFs on the microstructure, mechanical and electrical properties of the AlN composites were investigated. The experimental results showed that the grain growth of AlN was significantly inhibited by the CNFs. With 2 wt.% CNFs added into the composites, the fracture toughness and flexural strength were increased, respectively to 5.03 MPa m^1/2 and 354 MPa, which were 20.9% and 13.4% higher than those of monolithic AlN. The main toughening mechanisms were CNFs pullout and bridging, and the main reason for the improvements in strength should be the fine-grain-size effect caused by the CNFs. The DC conductivity of the composites was effectively enhanced through the addition of CNFs, and showed a typical percolation behavior with a very low percolation threshold at the CNFs content of about 0.93 wt.% (1.51 vol.%).     

Manufacture and characterisation of a low cost carbon fibre reinforced C/SiC dual matrix composite

A porous two-dimensional C/C composite was produced via the polymer pyrolysis route using phenolic resin as the matrix precursor and polyacrilonitrile- (PAN-) or pitch-based carbon fibres as reinforcement. The resulting C/C composites were then densified using a modified polysilane followed by pyrolysis to convert the polymer into silicon carbide, sealing the pores in the C/C composite. Aiming to increase the ceramic yield of the infiltrated polysilane and to reduce its volumetric shrinkage during pyrolysis the polymer’s curing behaviour was modified by catalytic addition of 0.1% dicobaltoctacarbonyl [Co₂(CO)₈]. The densification procedure is very efficient in sealing cracks in the C/C composite with SiC. The obtained carbon fibre reinforced C/SiC dual matrix composites were subjected to flexural tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. The flexural and visco-elastic properties of the composite are dominated by the strength of the fibre/matrix interface rather than by the fibre strength or modulus. A correlation between the mechanical loss factor (tan δ) and the fracture behaviour of the composite is suggested.     

Physico-chemical,thermal, and mechanical properties of PLA-nHA nanocomposites: Effect of glass fiber reinforcement

In this study, tri-layered composites were prepared by reinforcing poly-lactic acid (PLA) nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) (1 and 5 wt%) and 20 mol% continuous phosphate glass fibers (PGF). Initially, the effect of addition of 1 and 5% n-HA on the structural, thermal, mechanical, and thermo-mechanical properties of 100% PLA was investigated. With 5 wt% n-HA addition the tensile modulus (TM), flexural modulus (FM), tensile strength (TS), and flexural strength (FS) of 100% PLA was improve by 14.9, 47.4, 6, and 32.9%, respectively. Whereas, the un-notched impact strength of the nanocomposites suffer 2% deterioration. However, T _g decreased by 0.3°C and T _c increased by 10°C as 5 wt% n-HA was added to 100% PLA. Afterwards, the 5% n-HA/PLA composite were reinforced with 20 mol% continuous PGF and the TM, FM, TS, and FS of the tri-layered composites were 162.6, 412.5, 28.4, and 157.4% higher as compared to 100%PLA. Furthermore, the storage modulus of the 1% n-HA-filled composites was 500 MPa lower than 100%PLA, while 5 wt% n-HA-filled composites showed similar storage modulus as 100% PLA. 5 wt% n-HA-filled composite showed the highest peak of loss modulus which may be attribute to the chain segment of PLA matrix after the incorporation of HA. Thus, n-HA and PGF reinforcement resulted in improved mechanical properties of the composites and have great potential as biodegradable bone fixation device with enhanced load-bearing ability.     

EP/BMI树脂基碳纤维复合材料的制备与性能表征

以环氧树脂(EP)、双马来酰亚胺(BMI)、4,4’-二氨基二苯砜(DDS)和短切碳纤维(SCF)等为主要原料制备了EP/BMI/DDS/SCF复合材料,并研究了SCF添加量对复合材料力学性能和热性能的影响。结果表明,当SCF添加量为0.25 %(质量分数,下同)时,EP/BMI/DDS/SCF复合材料的力学性能提高最大,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和缺口冲击强度比未添加SCF时的EP/BMI/DDS复合材料分别提高了48.52 %、32.15 %、25.77 %以及150.91 %;此外,SCF的加入有助于提高复合材料的热性能。     

Synergistic effects of carbon fillers on tensile and flexural properties in liquid‐crystal polymer based resins

One emerging market for thermally and electrically conductive resins is bipolar plates for use in fuel cells. Adding carbon fillers to thermoplastic resins increases the composite thermal and electrical conductivity. These fillers have an effect on the composite tensile and flexural properties, which are also important for bipolar plates. In this study, various amounts of three different types of carbon (carbon black, synthetic graphite particles, and carbon fibers) were added to Vectra A950RX liquid‐crystal polymer. In addition, composites containing combinations of fillers were also investigated via a factorial design. The tensile and flexural properties of the resulting composites were then measured. The objective of this study was to determine the effects and interactions of each filler with respect to the tensile and flexural properties. The addition of carbon black caused the tensile and flexural properties to decrease. Adding synthetic graphite particles caused the tensile and flexural modulus to increase. The addition of carbon fiber caused the tensile and flexural modulus and ultimate flexural strength to increase. In many cases, combining two different fillers caused a statistically significant effect on composite tensile and flexural properties at the 95% confidence level. For example, when 40 wt % synthetic graphite particles and 4 wt % carbon black were combined, the composite ultimate tensile and flexural strength increased more than what would be expected from the individual additive effect of each single filler. It is possible that linkages were formed between the carbon black and synthetic graphite particles that resulted in improved ultimate tensile and flexural strength. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

碳纳米纤维增强聚甲醛复合材料制备及性能

通过纳米碳纤维(CNFs)在聚甲醛(POM)基体中的均匀分散以及取向,制备了具有优异力学性能和热性能的POM/CNFs复合材料。利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、拉伸性能测试、热重分析、动态热机械分析测试表征了POM/CNFs复合材料的结构和力学、热学性能。结果表明,CNFs与POM分子链形成氢键相互作用,促进了CNFs在POM基体内分散,同时使POM/CNFs复合材料的结晶度显著提高。随着CNFs含量增加,POM/CNFs复合材料的拉伸强度、储能模量和损耗模量均得到提高。当添加0.5%的CNFs时,拉伸强度、储能模量及损耗模量分别提高了20.5%,127%和58%。进一步研究了高温拉伸对POM/CNFs复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,CNFs沿拉伸方向定向排列,同时复合材料拉伸后结晶度提高,拉伸强度显著增加。     

碳纳米管定向排列增强碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料制备及力学性能

采用高频电场诱导法制备了碳纳米管定向有序填充的碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料。研究了电场频率对复合材料力学性能的影响规律,对复合材料的显微形貌进行观察。结果表明:在富树脂区碳纳米管沿着电场方向存在明显的有序排列现象;高频电场诱导后复合材料的层间剪切强度最大提高28.9%,压缩强度提高28.83%,弯曲强度提升15.01%,断口粗糙度增加,树脂与碳纤维的界面结合状态改善。     

异形微型碳纤维复合材料对混凝土力学性能的影响

通过轴心拉伸试验考察了棒状、片状(宽、窄)、波浪形这几种异形微型聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维复合材料对混凝土力学性能的影响。实验表明:碳纤维复合材料的加入可以有效、较大程度地提高混凝土的抗拉强度、强度和抗折强度。其中,与基准混凝土相比,异形微型碳纤维增强混凝土的抗拉强度最大可提高64%;增强混凝土的标号最大可从C40~C45级增加为C60级;随着复合材料比表面积和的增加,增强混凝土的强度和抗折强度最大可分别提高45.6%和50.6%;此外,在相同尺寸及比表面积下,波浪形碳纤维混凝土比片状碳纤维混凝土更难被折断。以上均证明PAN基碳纤维复合材料对混凝土有较好的增韧作用。