乳液插层法天然橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及其性能

采用乳液插层法制备了天然橡胶/蒙脱土（NR/MMT）纳米复合材料,采用透射电子显微镜（TEM）研究了复合材料的亚微观形态,并对复合材料的力学性能和耐磨耗性能进行了研究。TEM结果显示,MMT片层以纳米尺寸均匀分散在NR基体中;力学性能测试结果表明,当MMT用量小于12份时,纳米复合材料的力学性能随MMT用量的增加而逐渐增大,NR/MMT纳米复合材料具有优良的力学性能;蒙脱土的加入稍微降低纳米复合材料的耐磨性。     

天然橡胶/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料的硫化特性

采用机械混炼法制备了天然橡胶/有机蒙脱土(NR/OMMT)纳米复合材料,对其硫化特性进行了研究。红外光谱(FTIR)表明,有机改性剂(OM)已经插层进入蒙脱土(MMT)片层,热重分析(TGA)测得OM-MT中OM质量分数为0.364;差示扫描量热(DSC)和硫化特性表明,MMT对NR的焦烧时间(Ts)和正硫化时间(T90)没有影响,但降低了NR的交联密度;NR的Ts随OMMT含量的增加逐渐降低,而T90变化不大,NR的交联密度随OMMT含量的增加先增大后减小;温度升高,复合材料的硫化效率提高,交联密度降低。     

聚苯胺改性蒙脱土/天然橡胶纳米复合材料的制备与性能

采用原位聚合法制备了聚苯胺质量分数为20% 的聚苯胺改性蒙脱土,并以此作为增强剂利用机械混炼法制备了聚苯胺改性蒙脱土( PANI － MMT) /天然橡胶( NR) 纳米复合材料。使用X 射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪及扫描电镜等对PANI － MMT 和PANI － MMT/NR 复合材料的结构进行了表征,并考察了PANI － MMT/NR 复合材料的力学性能。结果表明,PANI － MMT/NR 复合材料形成了插层型纳米结构; 与普通的有机蒙脱土/NR 复合材料相比,PANI － MMT/NR 复合材料的力学性能明显提高,PANI － MMT 添加质量为20 份时其力学性能达到最好,并超过了添加40 份炭黑N 660 的NR 的力学性能。     

聚甲基丙烯酸/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及性能

用甲基丙烯酸(methacrylic acid,MAA)在钠基蒙脱土(montmorillonite,MMT)层间直接原位插层聚合制备了聚甲基丙烯酸/蒙脱土(polymethacrylic acid/montmorillonite,PMAA/MMT)纳米复合材料.以蒙脱土的层间距、插层进入蒙脱土层间的聚合物含量及应用于皮革鞣制的实验结果为考察指标,对制备过程中的引发剂用量及蒙脱土用量进行了单因素实验研究.结果表明:所制备的PMAA/MMT纳米复合材料属于剥离型纳米复合材料,应用于皮革鞣制所得坯革的增厚率及湿热稳定性均有较大提高.     

聚氯乙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究

采用熔融插层法制备了聚氯乙烯(PVC) /蒙脱土(MMT)纳米复合材料并进行了表征,研究了PVC/MMT纳米复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:PVC进入到有机MMT的片层间形成了纳米复合材料,但PVC不能进入钠基MMT的片层间,形成纳米复合材料;蒙脱土的加入提高了PVC的力学性能,而且PVC/有机MMT纳米复合材料的拉伸和冲击强度总是优于PVC/钠基MMT复合材料;对PVC/有机MMT纳米复合材料而言,复合材料的V型缺口冲击比U型缺口冲击敏感,其力学性能随热处理时间延长而降低,但PVC/有机MMT复合材料比PVC/钠基MMT的抗热性好。     

乳液插层法制备丁苯橡胶/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料

对蒙脱土(MMT)进行了有机化改性,采用乳液插层法制备了丁苯橡胶(SBR)/有机蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料,用透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射法对OMMT及复合材料进行了表征,研究了复合材料的物理机械性能及动态力学性能.结果表明,MMT的层间距为1.47 nm,OMMT的层间距增大到2.94 nm;OMMT片层均匀分散在SBR基体中,具有良好的界面相容性;随着OMMT用量的增加,SBR/OMMT纳米复合材料的物理机械性能明显改善,且具有低填充量高增强效果的特点;SBR/OMMT纳米复合材料具有与SBR/炭黑N 330复合材料相当的抗湿滑性能,同时具有更小的滚动阻力.     

NR/有机蒙脱土/GMA纳米复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用胶乳接枝插层法制备NR／有机蒙脱土／甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)纳米复合材料，并对其性能进行研究。结果表明，在NR胶乳与有机蒙脱土体系中加入GMA，并使之原位聚合，同时实现对NR的接枝和对有机蒙脱土的插层并与有机蒙脱土层间的基团产生化学结合，可以制备NR／有机蒙脱土／GMA纳米复合材料；采用胶乳接枝插层法制备的NR／有机蒙脱土／GMA纳米复合材料的物理性能和耐热氧老化性能优异，动态力学性能良好，热稳定性与NR胶料相差不大。     

聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的流变性能研究

制备了MMT/MgCl2/TiCl4插层催化剂,并通过原位聚合的方法制得聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。测试了聚丙烯/蒙脱土复合材料在不同温度及不同蒙脱土含量下的流变性能。结果表明:不同蒙脱土含量的聚丙烯复合材料,其表观黏度随剪切速率的增大而减小,剪切应力随剪切速率的增大而增大。符合流体切变稀释的性质,该性质有利于复合材料的成型加工。     

PTT/MMT纳米复合材料的研究

采用熔融共混的方法制备了聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯/有机蒙脱土（PTT/MMT）纳米复合材料,通过DSC、热台偏光显微镜等研究了PTT/MMT纳米复合材料的结晶行为,测定了纳米复合材料的力学性能,并用熔体流变仪研究了PTT/MMT纳米复合材料熔体流变性能。结果表明：随着PTT/MMT纳米复合材料中蒙脱上含量的增加,PTT/MMT纳米复合材料的熔融结晶温度增高,纳米复合材料的力学性能有一定的提高;PTT-蒙脱土纳米复合材料熔体的流变性能随MMT含量的增加非牛顿性减弱,熔体的粘流活化能减小。     

乳液法有机蒙脱土/SBR纳米复合技术的改进

对现有大分子乳液插层法制备蒙脱土 /SBR纳米复合材料技术进行改进。试验结果表明 ,使用低分子醇类混合物预分散有机蒙脱土 ,可使疏水的有机蒙脱土直接用于乳液插层法制备有机蒙脱土 /SBR纳米复合材料 ;在SBR胶乳中加入少量带羟基的聚合物水溶液 ,能够使有机蒙脱土层间距扩大 ,有利于提高插层动力 ;超声波对聚合物插层没有明显的强化作用     

有机蒙脱土对天然橡胶/丁苯橡胶的补强及增容作用

采用机械混炼法制备了天然橡胶(NR)/丁苯橡胶(SBR)/有机蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料,采用TEM和XRD对复合材料的亚微观结构进行了表征,并对复合材料的表观交联密度、静态力学性能、动态力学性能和硫化热效应进行了研究。结果表明,复合材料为剥离型纳米复合材料;OMMT能够明显提高纳米复合材料的交联密度和静态力学性能;OMMT导致NR/SBR共混胶动态损耗因子降低,并且能够促使NR和SBR玻璃化转变温度更为接近,起到了增容作用;OMMT实现了NR和SBR两相的同步硫化。     

机械共混法制备NR/SBR/OMMT纳米复合材料及其性能

选择不同牌号的有机蒙脱土（OMMT）,利用机械共混法制备了NR/SBR/OMMT纳米复合材料。测试了复合材料的力学性能,选择出了最佳牌号OMMT。不同含量的OMMT与共混胶复合后力学性能的测试结果表明：当OMMT含量仅为3份时,拉伸强度和断裂强度分别提高了90％和63%;利用X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜研究了复合材料的亚微观结构,观察结果显示制备出了分散均匀的剥离型NR/SBR/OMMT纳米复合材料,同时OMMT在轮船工业配方中的优异性能预示其良好的应用前景。     

NR／BR／OMMT纳米复合材料的研究（Ⅱ）纳米蒙脱土在工业配方中的应用

选用前期优选出的有机蒙脱土（OMMT）牌号,利用机械共混法制备了不同OMMT含量的天然橡胶（NR）/顺丁橡胶（BR）/OMMT纳米复合材料。利用透射电子显微镜研究了复合材料的亚微观结构,观察结果显示制备出了分散均匀的剥离型的NR/BR/OMMT纳米复合材料;力学性能测试表明,当OMMT的用量为3份时,其复合材料的综合力学性能最佳;耐溶剂实验表明,随着OMMT含量的逐渐增加,NR/BR/OMMT纳米复合材料的耐溶剂性能明显提高并不断提高;而OMMT在轮胎工业配方中的优异性能表明其在轮胎工业中具有良好的应用前景。     

Preparation,structure, and properties of montmorillonite/cellulose II/natural rubber nanocomposites

In this work, sodium montmorillonite clay was added, as filler, to nanocomposites of natural rubber (NR) and cellulose II (regenerated cellulose) in amounts varying from 0 to 5 phr (per hundred resin). Natural rubber (NR)/cellulose II/montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared by co‐coagulating NR latex, montmorillonite aqueous suspension and cellulose xanthate. The clay was previously exfoliated in water, and the resulting suspension was then added to the mixture of NR latex with cellulose xanthate. Morphological, rheometric, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical properties were evaluated, and an increase in these properties was observed upon the addition of cellulose and clay nanomaterials to the rubber matrix. The results show the advantage in using cellulose as a nanopolymer as well as MMT as nanofiller. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

两种橡胶/有机累托石纳米复合材料的结构与性能

比较了用熔体法制备的有机累托石(OR)/丁苯橡胶(SBR)以及有机累托石(OR)/天然橡胶(NR)2种纳米复合材料的结构与性能.TEM和XRD对材料的分析显示,由于橡胶基体的性质差异,OR/SBR为典型的插层型结构,而OR/NR为插层型和部分剥离型混合结构.应力应变行为的研究表明,随着OR用量的增加,OR/SBR的拉伸强度和拉断伸长率均增大,这主要是分子链滑移和填料的取向造成的.对于拉伸结晶型橡胶NR,由于部分剥离型填料的增强作用,NR的定伸应力随填料用量的增加而逐渐提高.由于对结晶的阻碍作用,当OR用量为20份时,OR/NR的拉伸强度有所降低.纳米累托石的加入可以显著提高SBR和NR的硬度和撕裂强度.热失重分析表明,OR/橡胶纳米复合材料与相应的纯橡胶相比,热稳定性提高,在NR体系中更为显著.     

Preparation,characterization, and application of NR/SBR/Organoclay nanocomposites in the tire industry

The natural rubber/styrene butadiene rubber/organoclay (NR/SBR/organoclay) nanocomposites were successfully prepared with different types of organoclay by direct compounding. The optimal type of organoclay was selected by the mechanical properties characterization of the NR/SBR/organoclay composites. The series of NR/SBR/organoclay (the optimal organoclay) nanocomposites were prepared with various organoclay contents loading from 1.0 to 7.0 parts per hundreds of rubber (phr). The nearly completely exfoliated organoclay nanocomposites with uniform dispersion were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The results of mechanical properties measurement showed that the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and tear strength were improved significantly when the organoclay content was less than 5.0 phr. The tensile strength and the tear strength of the nanocomposite with only 3.0 phr organoclay were improved by 92.8% and 63.4%, respectively. It showed organoclay has excellent reinforcement effect with low content. The reduction of the score and cure times of the composites indicated that the organoclay acted as accelerator in the process of vulcanization. The incorporation of a small amount of organoclay greatly improved the swelling behavior and thermal stability, which was attributed to the good barrier properties of the dispersed organoclay layers. The outstanding performance of co‐reinforcement system with organoclay in the tire formulation showed that the organoclay had a good application prospect in the tire industry, especially for the improvement of abrasion resistance and the reduction of production cost. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Preparation,structure, and properties of a novel rectorite/styrene–butadiene copolymer nanocomposite

Rectorite/styrene–butadiene copolymer (SBR) nanocomposite was prepared by cocoagulating SBR latex and rectorite/water suspension. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the layers of rectorite were well dispersed in the SBR matrix and the aspect ratio (width/thickness) of it was higher than that of montmorillonite (MMT). X‐ray diffraction indicated that the nanocomposite produced by this method was of neither intercalated type nor exfoliated type. The gas barrier properties and mechanical properties of the novel nanocomposites were excellent. The nanocomposites are expected to be candidates for tire tube or inner materials. Rectorite appears to be a promising filler for the nanocomposite. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 324–328, 2005     

Morphology and mechanical properties of clay/styrene‐butadiene rubber nanocomposites

Based on the character of a clay that could be separated into many 1‐nm thickness monolayers, clay styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites were acquired by mixing the SBR latex with a clay/water dispersion and coagulating the mixture. The structure of the dispersion of clay in the SBR was studied through TEM. The mechanical properties of clay/SBR nanocomposites with different filling amounts of clay were studied. The results showed that the main structure of the dispersion of clay in the SBR was a layer bundle whose thickness was 4–10 nm and its aggregation formed by several or many layer bundles. Compared with the other filler, some mechanical properties of clay/SBR nanocomposites exceeded those of carbon black/SBR composites and they were higher than those of clay/SBR composites produced by directly mixing clay with SBR through regular rubber processing means. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 1873–1878, 2000     

Combining In‐Situ Organic Modification of Montmorillonite and the Latex Compounding Method to Prepare High‐Performance Rubber‐Montmorillonite Nanocomposites

Summary: To improve the interfacial interaction in MMT‐SBR nanocomposites, one type of UOAC was introduced to in‐situ modified MMT before latex compounding with SBR. The influence of the UOAC/MMT ratio on the structure and properties of MMT/SBR nanocomposites were carefully studied by XRD, TEM, and mechanical testing. It was found that through the in‐situ organic modification, a rubber‐intercalated structure of MMT was obtained in the nanocomposites, and the amount of rubber‐intercalated structure strongly depended on the UOAC/MMT ratio. The tensile strength of MMT‐SBR nanocomposites was enhanced dramatically from 4 to 18 MPa by in‐situ organic modification of MMT.

Stress‐strain diagram of SBR/clay nanocomposites.