GB／T4000焦炭试样制备方法的改进

对焦炭进行反应性及反应后强度试验时，采用3种不同的方式制备焦炭试样，发现采用颚式破碎机破碎与手工修整相结合方式制样，更符合制样的实际情况，比GB／T4000-1996制样方式更能满足高温反应对试样要求，能稳定的反映焦炭的CRI及CSR，试验重复性好；同时缩小试样粒度控制范围也有利于提高试验结果精密度。     

GB／T20066-2006钢和铁化学成分测定用试样的取样和制样方法标准述评

介绍了《钢和铁化学成分测定用试样的取样和制样方法》（GB／T20066-2006）国家标准的制修订过程中的有关情况，并就标准中的主要内容进行了国内外相应标准的对比分析，同时介绍了自标准2006年8月1日颁布实施以来标准的应用情况。     

涟钢外购生铁取制样结果波动分析

通过从现场跟踪外购生铁取制样全过程，分析影响生铁试样结果波动的原因，找到关键要素并控制，降低试样结果波动值，为确保取制样准确性提供了解决依据。     

转炉补炉砂制样方法的研究

研究了补炉砂种类、成型、加热、焙烧对补炉砂制样的影响，结果表明：采用适当的制样方法可以制出质量较好、尺寸符合要求的试样。通过对试样检测结果的分析，征明该方法是可行的。     

红外碳硫仪制样的探讨

通过改变制样的方法和试样的形态，分析红外碳硫仪测量结果的稳定性和准确度。实践证明加烧蓝料能用于快速分析，从而提高了分析速度。     

热轧薄板物检制样标准及拉伸制样工艺优化

相对于涟钢的传统产品棒材和型钢，薄板生产是一种全新的工艺，同样，对物检制样来说，薄板制样也不同于棒材和型钢，需要根据薄板的特点，优化现行矩形带头拉伸试样的制样工艺流程。     

大宗原料试样自动取制样系统工艺设计探讨

本文叙述了大宗原料自动取制样的重要性,国内外发展概况,并以设计的某钢厂煤试样自动取制样设施为例,对大宗原料试样自动取制样工艺设计进行剖析,总计设计上存在的问题,可为今后其它同类工程的设计提供参考借鉴。     

压片制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定不锈钢渣中10种组分

由于不锈钢标渣在市场上很难购买,且熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱(XRF)无法满足炉前不锈钢渣样的快速分析要求,实验利用转炉渣、高炉渣、平炉渣等标准样品和文献方法定值的不锈钢渣生产样品,建立熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱的校准曲线,并用于不锈钢渣样的定值分析,将此定值分析结果用于压片制样-X射线荧光光谱校准曲线的绘制,从而实现不锈钢渣中CaO、SiO₂、Al₂O₃、MnO、MgO、TFe、P₂O₅、TiO₂、Cr₂O₃和NiO的炉前快速分析。对熔融制样的条件及方法的精密度和准确度均进行了考察,保证了绘制校准曲线用不锈钢渣测定结果的准确性。通过试验确定压片制样-X射线荧光光谱的分析条件为:研磨时间50 s;40 g试样中添加5粒粘合剂;100 kN压力,保压时间15 s进行压片。各组分校准曲线的相关系数均大于0.999。对同一不锈钢渣进行压片制样-XRF的精密度考察,各组分测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.43%～4.6%;准确度验证结果表明,压片制样的测定结果同熔融制样的测定结果一致,但压片制样XRF满足炉前不锈钢渣分析量大、分析速度快的要求。     

熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定轻烧白云石中主要成分

熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)测定轻烧白云石样品,需重点解决无标准样品的难题。由于轻烧白云石是由白云石原料在1000℃煅烧而成,因此采用具有含量梯度的系列煅烧后的白云石有证标准样品绘制校准曲线,各待测元素校准曲线的线性最大偏离小于0.4%,有效解决了缺少白云石标准样品的问题。轻烧白云石样品以Li₂B₄O₇为助熔剂,采用高温熔融制样,实现了熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法对轻烧白云石中SiO₂、CaO、MgO含量的测定。对熔融制样条件进行优化,确定试样与熔剂以1:13的稀释比,以3滴500g/L NH₄Br溶液为脱模剂,在1100℃熔融15min,熔融制得的玻璃熔片均匀、透明、无气泡,符合测定要求。方法应用于轻烧白云石实际样品中SiO₂、CaO和MgO的测定,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)在0.22%~1.4%之间;正确度试验表明,轻烧白云石样品的测定结果与国家标准方法GB/T 3286.1—2012和GB/T 3286.2—2012测定结果相符。     

焦炭反应性及反应后强度标准化测试研究

本文是在安装鞍山热能研究院研制的焦炭反应性及反应后强度测试设备基础上，按照GB／T4000-1996标准的基本原理和基本方法，通过严格控制试样的干燥程度、升温过程、反应温度以及反应气体流量，对焦炭反应性及反应后强度进行测试，试验中试样温度采用计算机控制，消除了人为误差，同时试验中采取了机械与手工制样相结合的方法。经过多次实验，结果令人满意。     

火花放电原子发射光谱法分析镍基合金标准的对比和解析

近年来,美国材料与测试协会(ASTM)和日本工业标准(JIS)紧跟火花放电原子发射光谱分析镍基合金技术的发展,制定了该方法的分析标准。为适应发展需要,我国国家标准GB/T 38939—2020《镍基合金 多元素含量的测定 火花放电原子发射光谱分析法(常规法)》于2020年12月1日正式实施。通过对比上述3个标准的异同点,对新发布国家标准的内容进行解析,有助于标准使用者加深对标准的理解和认识。结果表明,与ASTM和JIS相应的标准相比,国家标准在仪器类型标准化和测量结果准确度方面规范更加详尽和全面;国家标准和JIS标准在仪器和分析条件的控制方面更加严谨;在样品制备和激发方面,建议国家标准尽快制定镍基合金的取样、制样标准方法;在各元素适用范围和使用波长以及对应干扰元素方面,国家标准和ASTM标准的规定各有千秋。     

Sampling problems in studies of writing style.

Most current popular methods of reading-material analysis use "cluster" sampling—sampling by sentences. In this study, such sampling is compared with simple random sampling of individual words. No differences were found in the proportions of the various parts of speech, but the clustered sample "significantly over-estimated the percentage of 'short' words, 'structural' words, and 'easy' words. It is suggested that the structure of the sentence… has imposed an orderliness that has biased the clustered sample." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sampling variance in the correlation coefficient under range restriction: A Monte Carlo study.

Validity generalization methods require accurate estimates of the sampling variance in the correlation coefficient when the range of variation in the data is restricted. This article presents the results of computer simulations examining the accuracy of the sampling variance estimator under sample range restrictions. Range restriction is assumed to occur by direct selection on the predictor. Sample sizes of 25, 60, and 100 are used, with the selection ratio ranging from .10 to 1.0 and the population correlation ranging from .10 to .90. The estimator is found to have a slight negative bias in unrestricted data. In restricted data, the bias is substantial in sample sizes of 60 or less. In all sample sizes, the negative bias increases as the selection ratio becomes smaller. Implications of the results for studies of validity generalization are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

铜精矿取制样常见问题分析及对策

铜精矿取制样过程中常见问题主要包括对取制样工作重要性认识不足,取样不科学,制样程序不规范等。针对上述问题,从取样和制样两方面提出了相应的措施和要求,加强取制样工作管理。规范取制样操作对于提高铜精矿分析准确性,保证贸易双方的合法利益具有重要意义。     

浅谈角砾岩型金矿床采样方法的优化

角砾岩型金矿床是一种比较独特的矿床类型，以矿体赋存状态复杂，有用组份分布极不均匀为特点。在对矿体的评价中，普通的取样方法很容易造成丢矿及人为提高矿体品位，金源公司的技术人员根据矿化特点，通过增加立槽样的方法，有效的解决了上述难题。     

Sampling Issues in Urban Runoff Monitoring Programs: Composite versus Grab

Storm-water monitoring generally uses flow-weighted automatic composite samplers to collect a representative sample of an entire storm event. Automatic samplers are convenient but unfortunately they can be expensive, especially for temporary sampling needs or for short-term research projects. An alternative method is to use a series of grab samples. This paper examines the accuracy of event mean concentrations (EMCs) and mass first flush ratios calculated from a finite number of grab samples, and compares them to results from flow-weighted automatic samples. Both sampling techniques were evaluated using data collected from a three-year investigation of three highway sites. A large number of grab samples is needed to approach the accuracy and precision of flow weighted composite samples, and 30 grab samples per storm event generally estimated the EMCs within 20% average error. To detect a first flush, it is necessary to take even more grab samples or to adjust the timing of the sample collection toward the beginning of the storm. The superiority of automatic sampling for estimating EMCs for constituents compatible with automatic sampling is demonstrated.     

废催化剂中铂族金属分析的取样研究

对各种含钯废催化剂取样方法的研究表明，对于大量的桶装废料，采用管枪取样法对获得代表性的样品是最适用的。同时给出了几种废钯催化剂中钯含量的正确分析结果。     

Laboratory Simulation of Field Sampling: Comparison With Ideal Sampling and Field Data

Tube sampling disturbance effects are investigated in this paper based on the results of constant rate of strain consolidation tests and unconsolidated undrained triaxial compression tests conducted on resedimented Boston blue clay sampled in the laboratory using a specifically designed device and employing various tubes differing in size, diameter to thickness ratio, and tip geometry. The effects of tube geometry were assessed based on comparison of the residual effective stresses, the reconsolidation strains, the undrained strength, and the one-dimensional drained compression behavior. Increasing degradation in the engineering properties was observed with decreasing diameter to thickness ratio (B/t), and the negative impact of a blunt tip geometry could not be compensated for even by a substantial increase in B/t. Comparison of these results to those obtained from triaxial element tests in which disturbance was simulated according to the ideal sampling approach (ISA), indicated that tube sampling is associated with far greater disturbances than what is accounted for by the ISA. Further, additional comparisons with the results of tests run on actual field samples of low over consolidation ratio Boston blue clay from two sites in the Boston area indicate that the behavior observed in the laboratory sampled soil is generally representative of actual field data.     

烧结中和料自动化取样系统的研制与应用

针对目前皮带运输烧结中和料人工取样存在的料样代表性不强、检测数据准确性低．而影响烧结矿的配料和质量等问题，济钢开发研制了烧结中和料自动化取样系统。该系统现场自动取制样及物理性能检验一次完成，提高了检验的准确性、可靠性和及时性；提高了工作效率，改善了工作环境，减轻了劳动强度。     

A Comment on Sampling Error in the Standardized Mean Difference With Unequal Sample Sizes: Avoiding Potential Errors in Meta-Analytic and Primary Research.

The authors discuss potential confusion in conducting primary studies and meta-analyses on the basis of differences between groups. First, the authors show that a formula for the sampling error of the standardized mean difference (d) that is based on equal group sample sizes can produce substantially biased results if applied with markedly unequal group sizes. Second, the authors show that the same concerns are present when primary analyses or meta-analyses are conducted with point-biserial correlations, as the point-biserial correlation (r) is a transformation of d. Third, the authors examine the practice of correcting a point-biserial r for unequal sample sizes and note that such correction would also increase the sampling error of the corrected r. Correcting rs for unequal sample sizes, but using the standard formula for sampling error in uncorrected r, can result in bias. The authors offer a set of recommendations for conducting meta-analyses of group differences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)