波纹管传热性能与污垢特性实验

采用污垢热阻动态试验法对波纹管和光管的流动阻力、污垢性能和传热性能进行实验研究,用氯化钙和碳酸钠配制硬度为800mg/L的硬水,在流速为0.25m/s,水浴温度为60℃的条件下,对两者析晶污垢进行了对比实验.两套实验系统都在一个恒温水浴内,设备系统的主体用两根管模拟换热器,一根为光管,另一根为波纹管.实验中,水泵将工作介质由低位水箱送至高位水箱,高位水箱向实验管分别同时提供水源,通过溢流式水位调节器保持恒定的水位.结果表明,波纹管具有良好的抗垢性能,表现出诱导期长、结构速率慢、污垢热阻小等优点;其平均传热系数都大于光管,表现出了良好的强化传热特性.     

循环单井井管-井孔-含水层传热模型

为了研究循环单井复杂的传热特性,依据能量守恒建立了循环单井井管-井孔-含水层耦合传热模型.并将井管壁和井孔壁的换热包含于控制方程中,便于含水层、井孔、井管温度场的整场求解;在含水层传热中,考虑了热弥散的影响.然后,对循环单井现场试验进行了数值模拟,模拟过程显示出模型的输出对含水层渗透系数和热弥散度最为敏感,尤其是热弥散度,有无热弥散效应对模型的输出影响重大,应在模型中考虑热弥散效应.模拟结果表明,抽水温度的模拟值与实测值吻合良好,误差在10%以内,也表明建立的循环单井井管-井孔-含水层传热模型是正确的,能够用于实际.     

城市污水的层流换热特性理论

为有效利用城市污水热能,以污水源热泵系统中的流动工质——城市污水为研究对象,通过理论分析的方法,对其层流状态下的换热特性进行理论推导和实验验证.结果表明:污水作为热泵的冷热源,有良好的换热特性,推导得出的换热准则关联式h=4.53λ/D,为污水源热泵系统设计提供依据,同时为应用污水余热技术提供理论基础.     

入射角对径向热管换热器性能影响的数值模拟

利用FLUENT软件对径向热管换热器壳程进行模拟计算,在入口烟气质量流量不变的基础上,在0°～65°范围内逐渐改变烟气入射角,分析换热量、压降和单位压降换热系数的变化规律。结果显示:随着烟气入射角的增大,入射角小于45°时,换热量偏差基本不变,压降偏差逐渐减小,而单位压降换热系数逐渐增大,并在约45°时达到最大,此时换热器整体性能最好;大于45°后,换热量偏差明显增大;压降偏差急剧增大,压力损失增加,而单位压降换热系数急剧减小,换热器性能恶化。将模拟结果与测试结果进行比较,误差在5%以内。     

忽略回填料与岩土热物性差异对桩基埋管换热计算的影响

桩基埋管换热器具有桩径大、埋深浅的特点,适用于桩基埋管特点的系列导热解析解模型被不断提出,但是该类模型均忽略了回填料与岩土热物性的差异。对于桩径较大的桩基埋管而言,较大的热物性差异将引起较大的计算误差。建立了区别回填料与岩土热物性差异的导热数值解模型,对比分析忽略热物性差异对桩基埋管换热计算的影响,研究表明:导热系数差异对桩基埋管长时间运行的换热热阻计算影响甚小;容积比热差异将引起桩基埋管较大的设计容量误差;桩径越大,热物性差异引起的计算误差越显著。     

Heat transfer study on solid and porous convective fins with temperature-dependent heat generation using efficient analytical method

A simple and highly accurate semi-analytical method, called the differential transformation method（DTM）, was used for solving the nonlinear temperature distribution equation in solid and porous longitudinal fin with temperature dependent internal heat generation. The problem was solved for two main cases. In the first case, heat generation was assumed variable by fin temperature for a solid fin and in second heat generation varied with temperature for a porous fin. Results are presented for the temperature distribution for a range of values of parameters appearing in the mathematical formulation（e.g. N, εG, and G）. Results reveal that DTM is very effective and convenient. Also, it is found that this method can achieve more suitable results in comparison to numerical methods.     

摩擦焊接过程中的传热与计算

在通过有限元分析技术对细棒的传热计算做了基础性研究的基础上,探讨了焊接过程的温度场及影响因素,并在假定条件下对温度场和热流密度分布关系做了理论推导,对焊接以及数值模拟分析提供了理论依据,提高了热分析的准确性.     

螺旋管内水包油乳液的传热性能实验

采用超声波乳化的方法制备了导热油的水包油乳液。对不同质量分数的水包油乳液的稳定性进行了考察，并对其导热系数进行了测量；然后又进行了不同质量分数的导热油乳液在螺旋管内的强制对流换热实验，对水包油乳液的传热性能和压降特性进行了研究。结果表明，质量分数较低的导热油乳液导热系数和平均换热系数相比基液有所增加，在入口温度为30℃，雷诺数接近3 600时，0.1%和0.5%质量分数的导热油乳液的热力性能系数最大可达1.044。     

大型调水工程中引水结构的水体热交换模型

若大型调水工程地处内陆深处，由于冬季气候恶劣，引水线路中的水体可能会结冰，这将带来严重的经济损失。为给是否采取保温措施提供决策依据，本文根据引水结构的具体类型及与外界的热交换方式，分别建立了地下结构的热交换模型、渡槽结构的热交换模型、水库及明渠结构的热交换模型、泵站结构的热交换模型。     

Heat transfer law in leaching dump

1INTRODUCTION Themethodofmicroorganismleachingcom plicatedmineraliseconomical,effective,andgoodforenvironmenttotreatlowgrademetalsulphideore[1].Since1980s,Dexingcopperminehasbegun toperformexperimentsonbacterialeachingcopperwastedump,whichisatypicalexampleoftheearth ssurfacedumpleaching.Butinthelong termofresearch,thedensityandactivationofthebacteriaarelower,whichisthemainfactorofhin deringthistechnologyfromadvancing[24],andleadstothesituationwithpooroperationeffectanddifficultytomaintain…     

热管换热器热传递矩阵及热管换热器传热效率

本文提出了热管换热器热传递矩阵的概念.用热传递矩阵相似关系,推导出了热管换热器传热效率计算式.并讨论了极限情况下的热管换热器效率表达形式.     

热管中冷器的传热与阻力特性

为了研究重力热管在车辆中冷器上的应用可行性,设计用于冷却高温增压空气的热管中冷器.选用水作为工作介质,在风洞实验台架上进行热管中冷器的传热和阻力性能实验.测试热管中冷器在不同冷侧空气流速、冷﹑热侧空气进口温差、热侧空气流量下的散热量和压力降,比较并分析测试结果.结果表明,热管中冷器具有良好的散热性能,在一定范围内可以满足高增压内燃机的散热要求.将实验结果与理论模型计算值进行比较,结果表明,实验值与理论计算值变化趋势吻合较好．     

螺旋肋片管与气固多相流传热特性研究

本文在试验的基础上对气固多相流横向冲刷螺旋肋片管的传热特性进行了研究。试验所用物料为平均粒径ｄｐ＾－＝４４μｍ电厂灰和ｄｐ＾－＝１２０μｍ细石英砂。颗粒重量浓度Ｍｓ在０￣４．５ｋｇ／ｋｇ范围内。结果表明,螺旋肋片管与气固多相流传热与气流Ｒｅ数,颗粒浓度以及颗粒尺寸均有关,在较细颗粒和较低Ｒｅ数下,气固多相流强化传热程度随颗粒浓度的增加而增加。     

Microstructure and properties of electronic packaging shell with high silicon carbide aluminum-base composites by semi-solid thixoforming

The electronic packaging shell with high silicon carbide aluminum-base composites was prepared by semi-solid thixoforming technique. The flow characteristic of the Si C particulate was analyzed. The microstructures of different parts of the shell were observed by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy, and the thermophysical and mechanical properties of the shell were tested. The results show that there exists the segregation phenomenon between the Si C particulate and the liquid phase during thixoforming, the liquid phase flows from the shell, and the Si C particles accumulate at the bottom of the shell. The volume fraction of Si C decreases gradually from the bottom to the walls. Accordingly, the thermal conductivities of bottom center and walls are 178 and 164 W·m-1·K-1, the coefficients of thermal expansion（CTE） are 8.2×10-6 and 12.6×10-6 K-1, respectively. The flexural strength decreases slightly from 437 to 347 MPa. The microstructures and properties of the shell show gradient distribution.     

小型平板热管的传热特性

以丙酮、乙醇和水为工质,对小型平板热管在充液率为20%~90%的传热性能进行了实验研究。测量了热管蒸发段和冷凝段管壁、加热和冷却风道进、出口截面等处的温度分布,计算了传热量和传热系数。根据实验结果总结出了工质、充液量和热流密度对热管传热系数的影响。得出该平板热管以乙醇为工质的传热性能最好,传热极限qmax为16~17 kW/m2,最佳充液率为50%,并给出平均传热系数综合关联式。实验结果可供工程设计参考。     

Heat transfer characteristics of nanofluid through circular tube

Nano fluid is considered to be a class of high efficient heat transfer fluid created by dispersing some special solid nanoparticles (normally less than 100 nm) in traditional heat transfer fluid. The present experiment was conducted aiming at investigating the forced heat transfer characteristics of aqueous copper (Cu) nanofluid at varying concentration of Cu nano-particles in different flow regimes (300相似文献   

金属热防护系统纤维隔热材料的传热分析

介绍了一种在设计金属热防护系统中计算纤维隔热材料厚度的方法。采用能量方程和光学厚近似的方法对纤维隔热材料在再入过程中的热传递建立了传热模型,并对3种不同密度的纤维隔热材料进行了有效导热系数的测试。利用部分温度下的有效导热系数,采用遗传算法对纤维隔热材料的辐射衰减系数进行了优化。利用其余温度下的有效导热系数验证了优化后的传热模型的正确性。最后采用优化后的数值模型对再入过程进行了模拟,通过计算得出采用密度为96 kg/m3的纤维隔热材料的金属热防护系统总重量最轻。     

Effects of bending on heat transfer performance of axial micro-grooved heat pipe

Heat pipe is always bent in the typical application of electronic heat dissipation at high heat flux, which greatly affects its heat transfer performance. The capillary limit of heat transport in the bent micro-grooved heat pipes was analyzed in the vapor pressure drop, the liquid pressure drop and the interaction of the vapor with wick fluid. The bent heat pipes were fabricated and tested from the bending angle, the bending position and the bending radius. The results show that temperature difference and thermal resistance increase while the heat transfer capacity of the heat pipe decreases, with the increase of the bending angles and the bending position closer to the vapor section. However, the effects of bending radius can be ignored. The result agrees well with the predicted equations.     

Heat mass transfer model of fouling process of calcium carbonate on heat transfer surface

A new heat mass transfer model was developed to predict the fouling process of calcium carbonate on heat transfer surface. The model took into account not only the crystallization fouling but also the particle fouling which was formed on the heat transfer surface by the suspension particles of calcium carbonate in the supersaturated solution. Based on experimental results of the fouling process, the deposition and removal rates of the mixing fouling were expressed. Furthermore, the coupling effect of temperature with the fouling process was considered in the physics model. As a result the fouling resistance varying with time was obtained to describe the fouling process and the prediction was compared with experimental data under same conditions. The results showed that the present model could give a good prediction of fouling process, and the deviation was less than 15% of the experimental data in most cases. The new model is credible to predict the fouling process. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (“973”Project) (Grant No. G2000026304) and the Beijing Municipal Elitist Cultivation Project (Grant No. 20061D0501500186)     

Fabrication and thermal performance of grooved-sintered wick heat pipe简

Some novel grooved-sintered composite wick heat pipes（GSHP） were developed for the electronic device cooling.The grooved-sintered wicks of GSHP were fabricated by the processes of oil-filled high-speed spin forming and solid state sintering.The wick could be divided into two parts for liquid capillary pumping flow：groove sintered zone and uniform sintered zone.Both of the thermal resistance network model and the maximum heat transfer capability model of GSHP were built.Compared with the theoretical values,the heat transfer limit and thermal resistance of GSHP were measured from three aspects：copper powder size,wick thickness and number of micro grooves.The results show that the wick thickness has the greatest effect on the thermal resistance of GSHP while the copper powder size has the most important influence on the heat transfer limit.Given certain copper powder size and wick thickness,the thermal resistance of GSHP can be the lowest when micro-groove number is about 55.