气化烧嘴冷却水泵回路改造及联锁优化

简介四喷嘴对置式气化炉烧嘴冷却水泵回路配置及联锁设置的情况,针对运行过程中出现的诸多问题,分析其原因,并采取了一系列优化、改造措施,由此保障了气化炉的长周期稳定运行。     

煤化工气化炉电仪自动化控制系统优化改进

针对多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化炉运行过程中遇到的问题,分析了原因,对原设计的烧嘴冷却水联锁和冷却水泵快速启动进行了优化和完善,效果良好,收到了较好的经济效益。     

烧嘴冷却水系统遇到的问题及优化处理

介绍烧嘴冷却水系统遇到的典型问题,分析烧嘴冷却水换热器内漏、烧嘴冷却回水CO检测报警仪失真和事故烧嘴冷却水槽动力氮气不足的原因,提出改进措施,优化烧嘴冷却水系统的运行,为延长烧嘴寿命与气化炉运行周期创造了基本条件。     

德士古气化炉烧嘴的改造

介绍了德士古气化炉烧嘴原来的运行情况,即在烧嘴使用30d后,会出现烧嘴压差波动及工艺气成分波动等现象,继续使用甚至会出现烧嘴头部冷却夹套破损、泄漏,迫使气化炉紧急停车。对烧嘴存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了解决方案,经改造后,满足工艺要求,运行状态稳定,提高了德士古气化炉烧嘴运行的周期。     

烧嘴冷却水系统存在问题及解决办法

为保证德士古工艺烧嘴在高温下的正常工作,设计了1套单独的烧嘴冷却水保护系统,但由于联锁系统设置不完善,引发烧嘴冷却水系统频繁故障,气化炉多次跳车,严重制约了正常生产。为此通过分析研究,采取了一系列的改进措施:烧嘴冷却水泵自启动压力由1.4MPa提高至1.8MPa,脉冲宽度由2s变为20s;烧嘴冷却水泵启动方式由软启动改为硬启动,启动时间由10s缩短为2s;流量低低跳车值由12m3/h降为7m3/h,事故阀副线由DN100mm改为DN25mm。以上措施的实施,确保了气化炉的长周期稳定运行。     

壳牌技术开工烧嘴工艺控制研究

针对试车期间烧嘴头部铜头、水冷夹套连续多次损坏问题,通过调整柴油、氧气、氮气的参数,对顺控程序优化,对设备进行调整增加背丝,以及开工烧嘴冷却水泵的串联等,使点火成功率由7.1%提至了目前的100%。充分保证了SUB的设备安全,不仅提高了生产进度,而且节约了大量的开车时间,增加产值1亿元以上,整个气化炉的运行也因此得到保障。     

多元料浆气化炉在线倒炉操作及其优势分析

安徽六国化工股份有限公司"28·30"项目配套气化装置采用多元料浆加压气化工艺,3台气化炉(A炉、B炉、C炉)两开一备,气化装置2012年12月试车至2014年2月,采用的是非在线倒炉;2014年3月至今,采用的是在线倒炉.在线倒炉时存在3台气化炉同时运行的状况,分析空分装置产氧量、烧嘴冷却水泵供水量、高压灰水泵供水量...     

水煤浆气化炉烧嘴的改进设计

烧嘴作为水煤浆气化炉的重要装置,可以实现在高压氧气和水蒸气的作用下,将水煤浆充分混合、雾化,以利于水煤浆的燃烧。烧嘴在高流速水煤浆的冲击下容易磨损,甚至造成流体泄漏。对水煤浆气化炉的烧嘴改进设计,强化了水煤浆的雾化和烧嘴的冷却效果,提高了烧嘴的使用寿命,保障了生产的安全稳定运行。     

新式气化炉和三流道烧嘴在合成氨装置的应用

对合成氨装置D1 676 mm（新式）气化炉和三流道烧嘴的应用情况进行分析并与D1 484 mm（老式）气化炉和两流道烧嘴进行对比,阐述了新式气化炉和三流道烧嘴在装置稳定运行上的优点以及运行存在的问题.     

九江石化化肥气化炉烧嘴攻关见成效

中国石油化工股份公司九江石化分公司针对大化肥装置气化炉烧嘴运行故障率高的技术难题,积极开展“延长气化炉烧嘴运行周期”技术攻关,取得了良好成效。目前,化肥装置气化炉A炉烧嘴连续运行超过2600h,确保了大化肥装置持续、稳定、高效运行。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。