Psychometric properties of the Positive Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire.

The Positive Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ-P) was designed to assess the frequency of positive self-statements. This article reports original data and reviews other studies that have used the ATQ-P. These data show that the reliability and the norms of the ATQ-P appear stable and that the ATQ-P is inversely associated with negative affective states but unrelated to conditions such as medical condition not accompanied by psychological distress. The ATQ-P also shows adequate convergent and discriminate validity. Data also show that the ATQ-P conforms to theoretical predictions of the states-of-mind model. Finally, these data show that the ATQ-P is sensitive to cognitive changes. In sum, the results suggest that the ATQ-P is an effective measure of positive self-statement frequency. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

The relationship between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder: A prospective evaluation of motor vehicle accident survivors.

Motor vehicle accident survivors (n?=?92) were assessed for acute stress disorder (ASD) within 1 month of the trauma and reassessed (n?=?71) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 6 months posttrauma. ASD was diagnosed in 13% of participants, and a further 21% had subclinical levels of ASD. At follow-up, 78% of ASD participants and 60% of subclinical ASD participants met criteria for PTSD. The strong predictive power of acute numbing, depersonalization, a sense of reliving the trauma, and motor restlessness, in contrast to the low to moderate predictive power of other symptoms, indicates that only a subset of ASD symptoms is strongly related to the development of chronic PTSD. Although these findings support the use of the ASD diagnosis, they suggest that the dissociative and arousal clusters may require revision. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Validating the Children's Behavior Questionnaire in Dutch children: Psychometric properties and a cross-cultural comparison of factor structures.

In this article, we examined the factorial validity of the Dutch translation of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) and the Very Short Form scores. In addition, we conducted cross-cultural comparisons of temperament structure. In total, 353 parents of 6- to 8-year-olds completed the instrument. The original higher order factor structure of the different CBQ forms was generally replicated and represented the three broad dimensions of temperament: Surgency/Extraversion, Negative Affectivity, and Effortful Control. For the Standard Form, results demonstrated a relatively high degree of factor similarity of the Dutch sample with other cultures (e.g., China and Japan). The findings provide evidence for applicability of the CBQ in Western Europe as a promising instrument to comprehensively assess reactive and self-regulative temperamental dimensions in young children. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Confirmatory factor analysis of the Fear Questionnaire in panic disorder with agoraphobia.

The Fear Questionnaire responses of 390 patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia were used in a confirmatory factor analysis. The results provide strong support for the 3-factor model of this scale (agoraphobia, social phobia, blood/injury phobia) and the multidimensional model of fears proposed by W. A. Arrindell (1980). The presence of fear clusters other than agoraphobia existing in panic disorder is also discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Maladaptive cognitive appraisals mediate the evolution of posttraumatic stress reactions: A 6-month follow-up of child and adolescent assault and motor vehicle accident survivors.

A prospective longitudinal follow-up study (n = 59) of child and adolescent survivors of physical assaults and motor vehicle accidents assessed whether cognitive processes predicted posttraumatic stress symptomatology (PTSS) at 6 months posttrauma in this age group. In particular, the study assessed whether maladaptive posttraumatic appraisals mediated the relationship between initial and later posttraumatic stress. Self-report measures of PTSS, maladaptive appraisals, and other cognitive processes, as well as structured interviews assessing for acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), were completed at 2–4 weeks and 6 months posttrauma. PTSS and PTSD at 6 months were associated with maladaptive appraisals and other cognitive processes but not demographic or objective trauma severity variables. Only maladaptive appraisals were found to associate with PTSS/PTSD after partialing out initial symptoms/diagnosis and to mediate between initial and later PTSS. It was argued that, on this basis, maladaptive appraisals are involved in the development and maintenance of PTSS over time, whereas other cognitive processes (e.g., subjective threat, memory processes) may have an effect only in the acute phase. The implications of this study for the treatment of PTSS in youths are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Agoraphobia in a rehabilitation medicine setting: A case report.

Agoraphobia is a pervasive constellation of fears and avoidance behaviors that is severely debilitating. People with agoraphobia are often afraid of open spaces, crowds, being alone, or other everyday situations. In this article, I present the case of a client with agoraphobia who was on a medical rehabilitation unit. Psychological interventions with this person are outlined; discharge and follow-up status are given. In a literature review, I focus on possible origins of agoraphobia and outline some current treatment modalities. Although the treatment interventions were geared for a rehabilitation hospital milieu, the theory and techniques presented can effectively be generalized to other treatment environments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychometric properties of the Questionnaire on Stress in patients with Diabetes—Revised (QSD-R).

This study reports the psychometric properties of a 45-item diabetes-specific questionnaire, the Questionnaire on Stress in Patients with Diabetes—Revised (QSD-R), a modified and shortened version of the QSD (G. Duran et al; see record 1996-18805-001). The QSD-R was filled out by 1,930 individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Eight consistent scales were identified (values of Cronbach's α: .69–.81). The test-retest reliability for the total score after a 5-week interval was rtt?=?.63. The results provide evidence for the reliability and validity of this instrument. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale: An independent analysis.

The factor structure and subscale reliabilities of the Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale were examined using the responses of 256 New Zealanders, predominantly undergraduates. Comparison with the results of a US study by J. W. Hoelter (see record 1980-00098-001) showed that both the subscale reliabilities and the factor structure were almost perfectly reproduced in the present analysis. Hoelter's claim of 8 effectively independent subscales with high reliabilities was strongly supported. (9 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Predictive validity of the Chinese version of the Adult Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire: Psychometric properties and its short version.

The success of screening for individuals at suicidal risk among the general population relies heavily on the availability of a reliable and validated instrument. However, there remains a lack of a well-validated screening tool for suicidal risk in Chinese, despite the fact that about a quarter of the world's suicides takes place in China. In view of the severity of the suicide problem among the Chinese population, there is a crucial need to develop robust screening tools locally. This study investigates the psychometric properties related to the Chinese version of the Adult Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (ASIQ) with a 2-wave, population-based panel study in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China. Two-thousand sixteen Chinese people were interviewed for their suicidality, psychological well-being, and ASIQ scores. The Chinese ASIQ was shown to have strong internal reliability, convergent validity, and factorial validity. This study also demonstrated its predictive validity by examining sensitivity and specificity in identifying subsequent suicidality. A 4-item short version of ASIQ was also developed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Fear conditioning in inbred mouse strains: An analysis of the time course of memory.

Three mouse strains were examined for short- and long-term memory for Pavlovian fear conditioning measured 1 hr and 24 hr after conditioning. Both DBA/2J and CBA/J mice exhibit reduced long-term memory for contextual fear conditioning compared with C57BL/6J mice. In cued fear conditioning, however, DBA/2J mice show reduced short- and long-term memory compared with C57BL/6J mice, whereas CBA/J mice exhibit reductions only in short-term memory. These results underscore the importance of examining the time course of memory retention, and they suggest that inbred mouse strains may provide a diversity of phenotypes. The results also suggest that the processes of short- and long-term memory storage as well as contextual and cued fear conditioning are dissociable and are mediated by genetically distinct neurobiological mechanisms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于事故树分析法的寿王坟铜矿预防冒顶事故分析

冒顶事故是金属矿山常见的十类生产安全事故之一。通过运用事故树分析法,分析寿王坟铜矿如何预防冒顶事故,指导矿山采取相应安全对策措施,有效地防范冒顶事故的发生。实践表明:针对分析得出的结果,采取相应的安全对策措施后,该矿已经连续3年未发生冒顶伤人事故。     

Psychometric properties of the rehabilitation therapy engagement scale when used among individuals with acquired brain injury.

Objective: To examine the properties of the Rehabilitation Therapy Engagement Scale (RTES), a new scale developed to assess patient engagement in physical and occupational therapies in the acute rehabilitation setting quantitatively. Design: Psychometric analysis to test the reliability and validity of the RTES in a Midwestern acute rehabilitation facility. Participants: 75 individuals with acquired brain injury admitted to an acute rehabilitation program in a Midwestern urban setting. Main Outcome Measures: Physical therapists (PTs) and occupational therapists (OTs) completed a rating scale designed to measure each patient's level of engagement, or involvement, in therapy. Functional status at admission and discharge was measured with the Motor and Cognition scales of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM; J. M. Linacre, A. W. Heinemann, B. D. Wright, C. V. Granger, B. B. Hamilton, 1994). Results: The RTES showed high internal consistency in both physical therapy and occupational therapy settings, as well as significant correlation across those settings (r = .56, p = .001). Conclusions: The RTES appears to be a reliable and relatively unidimensional measure to identify and describe issues affecting patient engagement in rehabilitation therapies. Additional research is suggested to better understand and define the construct of engagement and to provide additional evidence of convergent and discriminant validity in the RTES. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Measurement properties of the CLOX Executive Clock Drawing Task in an inpatient stroke rehabilitation setting.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the CLOX Executive Clock Drawing Task (Royall, Cordes, & Polk, 1998) in persons who had sustained a stroke and were receiving inpatient rehabilitation. Method: Rasch modeling was utilized to examine the psychometric properties of the CLOX. Separate analyses were conducted for the free draw (CLOX 1) and copy (CLOX 2) portions of the measure to investigate each presentation mode independently. The sample consisted of 66 inpatient adults who had sustained a stroke. Results: CLOX 1 met most Rasch model expectations for item fit, unidimensionality, test reliability, and sample targeting. CLOX 2 was less psychometrically sound and contained two items with significant misfit. CLOX 2 demonstrated a significant ceiling effect that resulted in poor sample targeting. Conclusions: CLOX 1 is a psychometrically sound screening instrument for assessing persons with stroke receiving inpatient rehabilitation. In addition to the psychometric weaknesses of CLOX 2, its interpretive yield is minimal and clinicians may consider omitting it. Recommendations are made for using the Rasch item-person maps in clinical practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Group treatment of trauma survivors following a fatal bus accident: Integrating theory and practice.

There is a growing body of theory and initial research into the application of group interventions with survivors of trauma, whether natural disaster, accidental, or man-made. This article reviews current thought and practice as well as recent studies of group interventions with trauma survivors. A case study involving a fatal bus accident during an international studies program is presented, along with observational outcomes and a discussion of future research directions for this unique and critical form of group work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Assessing Positive and Negative Changes in the Aftermath of Adversity: Psychometric Evaluation of the Changes in Outlook Questionnaire.

The Changes in Outlook Questionnaire (CiOQ; S. Joseph, R. Williams, & W. Yule, 1993) is a 26-item self-report measure that was designed to assess positive and negative changes in the aftermath of adversity. This article had 3 aims: 1st, to investigate the factor structure of the CiOQ; 2nd, to test for internal consistency reliability and convergent and discriminant validity; and, 3rd, to investigate the association between positive and negative changes in outlook, posttraumatic stress, and psychological distress. Three studies are reported. Study 1 provides evidence that positive and negative changes are statistically separable and that the 2-factor model is a better fit than the 1-factor model. Studies 2 and 3 provide evidence for internal consistency reliability, convergent and discriminant validity of the CiOQ, and its associations with posttraumatic stress and psychological distress. In conclusion, the CiOQ has much promise for research on responses to stressful and traumatic events. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Suicidal ideation in adolescents: Psychometric properties of the suicidal ideation questionnaire in a clinical sample.

The psychometric properties of the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ; W. M. Reynolds, 1987) were evaluated in a clinical sample of adolescents ages 13–18 years identified as suicide ideators (n = 67), attempters (n = 88), and psychiatric controls (n = 71). Results indicate that the SIQ is an internally consistent measure of 1 primary dimension of suicidal cognition and that it differentiates between hospitalized suicidal and nonsuicidal adolescents and those with and without mood disorders. Critical items indicating specific suicidal cognitions were empirically identified, and a cutoff score of 20 was found to have optimal clinical utility. The SIQ appears to be a sound measure for clinical and research assessment of suicidal cognition in adolescents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A cluster-analytic description of patient subgroups in the rehabilitation setting.

Examined the interrelationship of depressive symptoms, patient expectations, and locus of control for health to develop a model that could describe patterns of response to rehabilitation. 25 inpatients at a physical medicine and rehabilitation facility completed the Beck Depression Inventory and a questionnaire assessing their expected success, amount of recovery, and length of stay. Ss' reasons for admission included postamputation, cerebral vascular accident, and pain. Each S's level of independence and physical mobility was assessed by his or her charge nurse using the Barthel Index (1965, 1973). Cluster analysis identified 3 groups with statistically and clinically significant differences between them. Four aspects appeared to account for the significant differences: Barthel Index rating, depression rating, expectancies, and locus of control (attribution). Findings indicate that the 3 spheres of depression, attribution, and expectation could be used to develop an empirically based model that describes the patient's response to rehabilitation and determines optimal intervention strategies for the rehabilitation patient. (27 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Assessing acute stress disorder: Psychometric properties of a structured clinical interview.

This study presents the development of a structured clinical interview to diagnose acute stress disorder (ASD). The Acute Stress Disorder Interview (ASDI) is a 19-item, dichotomously scored interview schedule that is based on criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). It was validated against clinician-based diagnoses of ASD on 65 trauma survivors assessed between 1 and 3 weeks posttrauma. It possessed good internal consistency (r?=?.90), sensitivity (91%), and specificity (93%). Test-retest reliability was evaluated on 60 trauma survivors between 1 and 3 weeks posttrauma, with a readministration interval of 2 to 7 days. Test-retest reliability of ASDI severity scores was strong (r?=?.88), and diagnostic agreement for presence (88%) and absence (94%) of ASD diagnosis was high. The ASDI appears to be a useful tool to identify those individuals who suffer ASD and are at risk of long-term posttraumatic stress disorder. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Persistent symptoms among survivors of Hodgkin's disease: An explanatory model based on classical conditioning.

Persistent symptoms of nausea, distress, and vomiting triggered by reminders of cancer treatment were examined among 273 Hodgkin's disease survivors, 1 to 20 years posttreatment. Prevalence rates were high for distress and nausea but low for vomiting. Retrospective report of anticipatory symptoms during treatment was the strongest predictor of persistent symptoms, suggesting that treatment-induced symptoms are less likely to persist if conditioning does not occur initially. Time since treatment was also a significant predictor, with patients more recently treated more likely to experience persistent symptoms. Thus, an explanatory model based on classical conditioning theory successfully predicted presence of persistent symptoms. Symptoms also were associated with ongoing psychological distress, suggesting that quality of life is diminished among survivors with persistent symptoms. Recommendations for prevention and treatment of symptoms are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)