微生物菌剂处理含油废水的实验研究

溶解性含油污水是一种处理难度较高的有机废水,微生物菌剂因针对性强、活性高而广泛的应用于各种难处理废水治理中。采用一种特制的微生物菌剂处理含油生活污水,考察了不同的菌种量、曝气时间、曝气量、pH以及回收菌种等因素对含油废水去除效果的影响。结果表明:最佳的处理条件为菌剂投放量为10 g/L,每升废水的曝气量为3.2 L/min,pH中偏弱碱性条件,COD的去除率91%,油的去除率高达93.5%,回用菌剂比初用的效果更好。     

曝气-强化混凝-陶瓷膜微滤组合工艺处理含油废水

以某港口含油污水处理厂二级气浮出水为研究对象,探究曝气-高锰酸钾强化混凝-陶瓷膜微滤组合工艺对含油废水中油和有机物(COD)的去除效能,重点考察曝气时间、高锰酸钾投加量、投加方式等因素对处理效果的影响。结果表明,最佳曝气时间为40 min,高锰酸钾投加量2 mg/L,投加方式为在混凝剂PAC前投加;组合工艺对油和COD总的去除率可达到91%~94%;此外,曝气和高锰酸钾强化混凝处理过程能够减缓跨膜压差的增长速率,延长陶瓷平板膜的使用寿命。     

超滤法在含乳化油废水处理中的应用研究

随着含油废水量的增加,油类物质的去除成为了水处理领域的热点课题。与传统生物处理法相比,超滤法以其高效率、低污染、操作简单等优点,被人们广泛用于废水的处理中。近些年,其应用范围也逐渐扩大,不仅用于处理生活污水,更帮助人们解决了油类物质难去除的问题。本文通过对含油废水中油类成分的分析,相关去除机理的研究,对比了不同类型膜材料对油类物质的去除效率,总结了超滤法在处理含乳化油废水中的优点及不足,并对目前超滤法在含油废水中的应用进展分析,提出了展望和建议。     

三维电极法处理焦化含油废水的试验研究

针对某炼油厂焦化含油废水的特点,开展了三维电极处理含油废水的试验研究,对处理时间、电压、活性炭填充量、极板间距及曝气量等工艺参数进行考察优化,再通过处理前后水样的宏观和微观形貌的对比分析以及GC-MS联用分析等,进一步评价三维电极对废水的净化处理效果.试验结果表明:三维电极处理焦化含油废水的优化工艺条件为处理时间180 min、电解电压30 V、活性炭填充量500 g、极板间距6 cm、曝气量1 L/min,此时除油率可达到96.73％.三维电极对焦化含油废水有较好的处理效果,基本实现了焦化含油废水的净化处理.     

曝气催化铁内电解法对印染废水预处理的试验

针对实际印染废水,采用催化铁内电解法进行曝气与不曝气两种不同处理工艺对比试验,测定了处理前后废水的COD、色度、磷酸盐、氨氮、pH等指标.结果表明,曝气催化铁内电解工艺优于不曝气的工艺,对废水中COD、色度和磷酸盐的去除有显著提高.     

气浮塔处理含油废水的研究

在实验研究的基础上，结合单级气浮技术和多级板式塔理论，开发出两级气浮塔处理含油废水的新工艺，实现了塔釜一次曝气、多级气浮的分离。实验研究了气浮塔板的流体力学性能、布气性能及操作条件对废水处理效率的影响，结果表明二级气浮塔处理效果很好，是一种具有良好应用前景的新型含油废水处理装置。     

曝气法去除地下水中甲基叔丁基醚的模拟研究

建立数学模型研究地下水曝气法去除地下水中甲基叔丁基醚,模型考虑了对流、分子扩散、机械弥散和相间传质等过程。在实验室中用土柱实验来模拟地下水曝气过程,分别考察了渗透率和曝气流量对甲基叔丁基醚去除效果的影响。结果显示,以粗砂为介质比以细砂为介质更有利于去除甲基叔丁基醚。以粗砂为介质,在曝气流量为0．10ms／h时,甲基叔丁基醚的去除率可达95％。模型拟合结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

曝气微电解-絮凝法处理铜冶炼废水中的砷

实验采用曝气微电解催化氧化-絮凝法处理含砷铜冶炼废水,考察了铁炭质量比、铁砷质量比、曝气时间、反应pH等反应条件对冶炼废水除砷效果的影响.实验结果表明:高浓度铜冶炼废水在铁炭质量比为1∶2、铁砷质量比为60∶1、曝气时间2h、微电解初始pH=3.0、絮凝pH=9.0的条件下砷的去除效果最佳,去除率达99.8%,同时其他...     

分流-氧化还原沉淀-曝气生物滤池处理电镀综合废水

为解决某老电镀工业园区升级提标后面临的困境,将电镀综合废水分为含铬含镍废水、含氰含铜废水和前处理废水3股,各类废水经氧化还原沉淀处理后再经曝气生物滤池(BAF)深度处理。实验结果表明,曝气生物滤池作为组合工艺的核心,简化了分流处理。当水力停留时间(HRT)为3h时,曝气生物滤池对COD、CNˉ和Cu2+的去除率分别达到53.7%、86%和82%。曝气生物滤池处理时,COD和CNˉ的去除存在相关关系。     

芬顿氧化法在处理甲醛废水中的实验研究

季戊四醇废水中甲醛含量在1200～1500 mg/L、COD平均浓度在6000 mg/L左右,为有效去除季戊四醇废水中的甲醛,采用芬顿氧化法去除季戊四醇废水中的甲醛进行实验研究,通过静态烧杯实验确定最佳的双氧水及硫酸亚铁投加量、反应时间和脱气过程中的曝气强度,实验结论表明:在芬顿反应时间40 min,双氧水及硫酸亚铁投加量分别为0.5 kg/m~3和0.6 kg/m~3,且脱气过程曝气强度为16 L/m~2·min时,出水甲醛含量在120 mg/L,去除率可以做到90%以上,出水COD约在5000 mg/L左右,去除率约为17%。     

Population Balance Model (PBM) for flocculation process: Simulation and experimental studies of palm oil mill effluent (POME) pretreatment

The present study is intended for the first time to completely replace the inorganic coagulants with organic polymers in palm oil mill effluent (POME) pretreatment by using direct flocculation of single and dual polymer systems under applied shear. The efficiency of direct flocculation of POME was investigated by using the Population Balance Model (PBM) which considered the charge neutralization and bridging attraction under applied shear. The collision efficiency was calculated based on the Derjaguin Landau Verwey Overbeek (DLVO) theory which considered the effect of adsorbed polymer layers on van der Waals attraction and bridging attraction. This is the first attempt to correlate the floc size distribution from PBM to the indirect indicators of COD, suspended solids, oil and grease. The model predictions are in close agreement with the experimental results for both single and dual polymer systems. The interaction energy curves based on PBM shows that the flocculation using cationic polymer is by charge neutralization and bridging attraction whereas flocculation using anionic polymer is by only bridging attraction. At the optimum flocculation conditions, 99.66%, 55.79%, 99.74% and 80.78% of suspended solids, COD, oil and grease removal and water recovery are achieved, respectively. The direct flocculation process significantly reduced the treatment cost by a factor of 3.6 compared to the conventional coagulation–flocculation process.     

Palm oil mill effluent pretreatment using Moringa oleifera seeds as an environmentally friendly coagulant: laboratory and pilot plant studies

This research paper covers the suitability of the coagulation–flocculation process using Moringa oleifera seeds after oil extraction as a natural and environmentally friendly coagulant for palm oil mill effluent treatment. The performance of M. oleifera coagulant was studied along with the flocculant KP 9650 in removal of suspended solids, organic components and in increasing the floc size. The optimum values of the operating parameters obtained from the laboratory jar test were applied in a pilot‐scale treatment plant comprised of coagulation–flocculation and filtration processes. Pilot‐scale pretreatment resulted in 99.7% suspended solids removal, 71.5% COD reduction, 68.2% BOD reduction, 100% oil and grease removal and 91% TKN removal. In pilot plant pretreatment, the percentage recovery of water was 83.3%, and 99.7% sludge was recovered after dewatering in a filter press. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Flocculation and Separation of Oil Droplets in Ultrasonic Standing Wave Field

A new method for breaking oil in water emulsion based on flocculation of droplets in high intensity ultrasonic standing wave field was developed in this study and the effect of initial droplets size, type of disperse phase as well as the time of sonication and the height of emulsion in the chamber on the extent of interdroplet interactions were investigated. The results showed that type of disperse phase affects the efficiency of separation process through controlling the initial size of droplets. For the two types of disperse phase in question the efficiency of separation was calculated to be 42.7% for canola oil/water emulsion and 37% for sunflower oil/water emulsion. The time of sonication was found to have a positive contribution to the percent of flocculation and coalescence, so that the largest aggregates were formed after 30 minutes treatment. Also, the optimum height of emulsion in the treatment chamber was determined to be λ/4 at which the strongest flocculation and highest percent of coalescence took place. Increasing the height of emulsion did not significantly influence the course of aggregation and separation.     

吉林油田稠油热采污水处理絮凝剂室内试验研究

针对吉林油田稠油热采污水中的油含量高和悬浮质含量高,采用絮凝法处理稠油热采污水,并进行高效絮凝剂的筛选.在对含油污水成分分析的基础上,采用烧杯实验和分光光度法研究了絮凝剂的絮凝效果.筛选出了以无机絮凝剂硫酸铝与两性高分子聚合物CE-3090的复配体系,同时研究了影响絮凝效果的因素并探究了其影响机理.结果表明,在温度40℃,pH值7.72,170 r/min高速搅拌1 min,然后50 r/min低速搅拌5 min,硫酸铝的加量90 mg/L,CE-3090的加量0.5 mg/L,絮凝沉降30min后其絮凝效果较好.试验证明该复配处理剂处理含油污水后,含油量和杂质含量都达到了回注回用及排放标准.     

新型聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的研究

研制出一种锌系复合絮凝剂和改性聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂。介绍了其制备方法、絮凝剂中各组分的作用及反应条件的确定，通过实例研究了絮凝剂的投加量及絮凝pH值对絮凝效果的影响。结果表明，上述絮凝剂具有成本低、工艺简单、无毒、无污染、净水效果好等优点。     

微波技术在油田采出废水处理中的作用

The process of microwave flocculation and Fe/C micro-electrolysis was used to treat several oilfield production wastewater, and the effects of microwave on flocculation, disinfection, de-oiling and decrease of the corrosion rate were investigated.The results showed that microwave coagulation could reduce 20% dosage for PAC and 30% for PAM, and the settling time of microwave flocculation was only 1/4 of normal flocculation, and total removal efficiency of COD for the wastewater reached 96%.Microwave could effectively kill total growth bacteria (TGB) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the wastewater, and the removal of bacteria reached 99%.Microwave accelerated oil-water separation and promoted emulsion-breaking simutaneously, and the average removal efficiency of oil was 95%.Microwave also played an active role in the reduction of corrosion rate, and the average corrosion reduction reached 90% in the microwave assisted process, which was 10 points higher than that in normal process.     

磁加载絮凝法处理重金属废水技术的研究进展

磁加载絮凝法具有高沉降性、占地面积小、处理优良等特点,但存在对处理高浓度重金属废水的出水效果不好及尚未达到工业化等问题。本文介绍了温度、pH、污染物的含量、水力条件、絮凝剂的种类及投加量对絮凝作用的影响,阐述了磁加载絮凝法在处理造纸厂污水、含砷废水、含铜废水、垃圾滤渗液等各种重金属废水的应用研究,并通过对其应用研究的分析表明了磁加载絮凝技术不仅适用于重金属废水处理,在油类、悬浮物及生活污水的处理中也取得了很好的结果,并且随着该技术不断成熟和完善,磁加载絮凝法会有更为广阔的发展前景。     

废润滑油絮凝—吸附再生工艺的研究

以两种表面活性剂作絮凝剂、活性白土为吸附剂 ,经絮凝、吸附再生处理了废润滑油。考察了影响絮凝、吸附的各种因素。确定最佳絮凝条件 :温度 85°C、1 5 0 g废润滑油所需两种絮凝剂用量分别为 3.7g和 1 .3g;最佳吸附条件 :活性白土 1 2 .3%、温度 1 1 0°C、时间 90 min。经元素分析 ,净化精制后油品的 Zn、Pb、Ca、P等元素的含量显著降低。精制油理化指标符合国家标准。     

温敏型聚合物在稠油污水中的絮凝作用探讨

稠油污水絮凝剂大都是阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM),但该絮凝剂在稠油污水中高分子长链的伸展受到高温和高矿化度的影响,絮凝效果大大降低。探讨了一种温敏型絮凝剂PA在不同浓度、温度、及不同浓度无机盐(NaCl和CaCl_2)条件下的絮凝作用并与CPAM进行对比。实验结果表明:温敏絮凝剂PA对稠油污水的乳化油和固相悬浮物的去除率较CPAM高,其主要原因是PA在较高温度下发生相分离使溶液亲水性降低、吸附能力增强;温度和无机盐(NaCl、CaCl_2)能促进温敏絮凝剂PA对稠油污水中乳化油和固相悬浮物的去除效果。     

辽河油田稀油二元复合驱采出污水絮凝处理研究

对辽河油田稀油二元复合驱采出污水进行絮凝处理。优选了无机、有机絮凝剂,考察了复配絮凝剂效果及其加药方式对絮凝效果的影响,研究了不同絮凝剂产生的絮体形态。结果表明,优选的无机絮凝剂为聚合氯化铝(PAC),有机絮凝剂为阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM),其絮凝效果随阳离子度的提高而提高。有机絮凝剂投加量对复配絮凝剂的处理效果影响较大。适宜的复配药剂投加量为PAC 300 mg/L、CPAM-1 4 mg/L,处理后污水SS的质量浓度为10.65 mg/L、油的质量浓度为2.43 mg/L、透光率为84.0%,絮体较致密。最好的加药方式为投加完无机絮凝剂后,立即加入有机絮凝剂。不同的絮凝剂形成的絮体形态不同,复配时CPAM-1的投加量越大,絮体越致密。