铜/铝合金冷压-扩散复合焊接接头的显微组织

用冷压-扩散复合连接技术焊接T2铜与2A50铝合金,用SEM、EDS、XRD等方法对焊接接头进行了分析.结果表明:T2铜与2A50铝合金经200 MPa冷压+(515～525)℃×90 min热扩散和100 MPa热压+(515～525)℃×90 min扩散后,能在结合界面形成2 mm的异种金属焊缝;焊缝中铜的质量分数为56.91%,铝为43.09%;焊缝中CuAl2质量分数为56.4%,明显高于2A50铝合金的(7.6%);焊缝中没有单质铜.     

无氰EDTA络合滴定法测定铝合金中镁

1.前言 试样用NaOH溶液溶解,由于铝能溶解于NaOH中,而镁则生成氢氧化镁沉淀,因此可使镁与大量铝基体分离。其他元素如铜、铁、镍、锰、钛、钙和镁一起留在沉淀中,此时若在NaOH溶液中加入适量的三已醇胺和少量EDTA溶液,可使铜、铁、     

轧制铜／铝复合带材在退火过程中的界面组织演变

研究了经冷轧复合的高频电缆用铜／铝复合带材在退火过程中界面组织的演变规律。结果表明：随着退火温度的升高，在退火过程中铜／铝复合带冶金结合界面组织的生成和生长速度加快；随时间的延长，组织演变过程的4个阶段为孕育期、局部区域形成岛状新生相、扩散层发生横向→纵向→横向生长、新金属间化合物形成和扩散层增厚。     

稀土、镍、锰对铝硅合金熔敷金属中铁相形态的影响

用氩弧将铁、镍、稀土、锰直接或间接熔入铝硅合金表面，研究这些元素对含铁量为1．03％—6．92％的焊缝中铁相形态的影响。研究发现，稀土含量低时可抑制针状铁相；稀土含量大于一定量就会生成针状的Al—Si—Fe—Ni—Fe相，该针状相的长度随稀土含量的增加而增加。铝硅合金中加入铁、锰、稀土后，熔敷金属中出现四辫状Al——Si—Mn—Fe相。若加入等量的Fe、Ni，熔敷金属中会形成间断的A1—Si—Fe—Ni状组织；若同时加入锰，除了生成网状结构外，还合同时存在四辫状Al—Si—Mn—Fe相和三辫状的Al—Si—Mn—Fe—Ni相。在铝硅合金中，单独加镍、同时加稀土和镍、同时加稀土和锰、同时加锰和镍均可很好地抑制针状铁相。锰、镍抑制针状铁相的效果明显优于稀土。     

高锰铜合金中镍的测定方法

在酸性介质中。用过硫酸铵作氧化剂。锰被氧化生成褐色二氧化锰沉淀,经过滤达到分离大量锰的目的,再以酒石酸钾钠和EDTA—2Na联合掩蔽铜、铁、铝等干扰元素。采用丁二酮肟光度法测定镍量,方法简便、准确,用于高锰铜合金中镍的测定,取得了满意结果。本文分离高锰的方法也可运用到钢铁分析中高锰试样的镍的测定.用于排除丁二酮肟光度法测定镍时,高锰的干扰。     

硬质合金/因瓦合金激光-氩弧复合焊缝界面的显微组织与元素扩散

采用激光-氩弧复合焊接技术实现了硬质合金与因瓦合金的焊接,采用扫描电镜、能谱仪以及电子探针等研究了焊缝界面的显微组织、化学成分和元素扩散情况.结果表明:激光和氩弧双热源的作用消除了焊缝界面硬质合金侧的η相,同时在因瓦合金侧形成Fe4WC2枝晶;焊缝硬质合金侧的界面元素扩散系数远高于单独使用氩弧焊焊接条件下的,镍、铁元素...     

铜箔中间层对铝/钢异种金属激光对接焊接头质量的影响

采用添加铜箔中间层方式对08Al钢与5083铝合金进行激光对接焊试验,试验过程中将光斑偏向钢一侧。以焊缝成形质量为标准,获得了最优的焊接工艺参数组合。采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜分析铜箔中间层对界面处熔合情况、元素分布及焊缝各区域微观组织结构的影响。研究结果表明,当光束偏移距离为0.4 mm,离焦量为0 mm,激光功率为2 kW,焊接速度为10 mm/s,保护气He流量为15 L/min时焊缝表面连续、平整,无飞溅、夹杂和咬边等缺陷,背部熔透均匀,焊缝成形质量最佳。添加的铜箔中间层形成铝和钢之间的过渡桥梁,使对接面处铝/钢物理性质过渡平缓,有效降低了界面处液态金属的温度梯度和热传递速度,液态熔池的高温停留时间延长使得下部金属获得更多的有效热量,熔化量显著增加。焊缝截面形状从T形转变为两头宽中间窄的近似X形,界面处熔合线呈现不规则的弯曲状,铝/钢相互咬合,连接紧密。铜箔中间层抑制了Al元素向钢侧焊缝的扩散,铁素体晶粒内第二相粒子明显减少。铝/铜/钢接头断裂形式为解理断裂和准解理断裂相混合,界面处生成了(Fe,Cu)4Al13、(Fe,Cu)2Al5和CuAl2脆性相,是限制接头强度提升的主要原因。     

曲轴刷镀修复工艺

采用可溶性阳极快速刷镀技术，对各种磨损严重的曲轴刷镀镍／铜／镍／铁组合镀层有效地解决了高难度、高耐磨性、超厚镀层的刷镀难题。并介绍了曲轴刷镀修复工艺。     

ICP／AES直接进样法测定润滑油中添加剂元素,磨损和污染金属含量

要本方法用于同时测定润滑油中添加剂元素钙、钡、镁和磷以及使用过的润滑油中磨损和污染金属铁、铜、铅、锰、镍、钒、钛、铬、硅、铝、钼和银等元素的含量,抽样采用二甲苯为稀释剂,按溶剂／油（ｍ／ｍ）为 １０／１加以稀释后直接进入 ＩＣＰ／ＡＥＳ（电感耦合等离子体发射光谱）仪器测量。方法的检出限：铁、锰、钛、锌、铜、钡、镁和钒为１ μｇ／ｇ;银、铬、钼为２μｇ／ｇ;钙、镍、铝为５μｇ／ｇ：而铅和磷为１０μｇ／ｇ,当样品中金属含量为１０μｇ／ｇ时,其方法的重复性（ＲＳＤ）为５％-１０％。     

金属/陶瓷复合材料的原位合成及其结构研究

以铝镁合金、高纯石英棒为原料，采用原位合成法在1473K氮气氛下保温2h制备了Al（Si）／AlN／MgAl2O4复合材料。采用XRD、SEM和EDX等方法分析了所得材料的相组成与显微结构。结果表明：复合材料的物相为MgAl2O4、Al-Si、AlN、Mg2Si和Si；在铝与SiO2界面上形成的Al2O3与基体合金中的镁反应生成块状的MgAl2O4尖晶石晶体，在复合材料内部发现均匀分布的AlN晶须，部分氧、铝、镁、铁形成化合物与硅一起均匀弥散分布于复合材料中。     

Al_2O_3陶瓷与Q235钢的活性钎焊

采用二元Cu-Ti活性钎料连接氧化铝陶瓷与Q235钢,研究了反应温度、保温时间等钎焊工艺对接头组织与接头强度的影响,分析了接头的微观组织和界面产物。试验结果表明,界面分为3层结构,即液态钎料填充陶瓷微孔形成的反应层、合金钎料层、钢侧扩散层。XRD分析结果表明,界面产物为Cu3Ti3O、TiFe、TiFe2和Cu基固溶体。钎焊温度1050℃,保温时间30min时,接头抗剪强度达到99.3MPa。     

Al-Cu合金片对钢/铝异种金属激光-MIG复合焊接头组织和性能的影响

采用PLC系统控制的激光-MIG复合焊接工艺对Q890钢/6063铝合金进行异种金属焊接,研究了钢侧坡口表面添加Al-Cu合金片对接头显微组织、硬度和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:激光-MIG复合焊接接头具有典型的熔钎焊特征;未添加Al-Cu合金片的接头界面层由舌状相Fe2Al5和粗大针状相Fe4Al13组成,厚度约18μm,添加Al-Cu合金片后由舌状相(Fe,Cu)2Al5和细小絮状相(Fe,Cu)4Al13组成,厚度约为9μm,焊缝区与热影响区的组织与未添加Al-Cu合金片时的相似;添加Al-Cu合金片的接头界面层硬度比未添加Al-Cu合金片的低约59HV;添加Al-Cu合金片的焊接接头的抗拉强度比未添加Al-Cu合金片的提高了109.8%,未添加和添加Al-Cu合金片的焊接接头均在界面层断裂。     

Cu／Al双金属固相结合的实验研究

在大多数情况下，两种金属组合在一起，通过实施成形工艺（例如轧制、拉拔、挤压），两种金属的共同塑性变形便可以使二者形成结合。本文研究了在不同冷挤压工艺参数条件下Ｃｕ和Ａｌ的结合成形，获得了有利于这两种金属成形的工艺参数。通过对挤压成形后的Ｃｕ／Ａｌ双金属进行扩散热处理实验，探讨了热处理规范对双金属界面结合强度的影响规律     

Improving of interfacial microstructure of Ti/Al joint during GTA welding by adopting pulsed current

Butt welding of titanium alloy TA15 to aluminum alloy Al2024 dissimilar lightweight metals was conducted using gas tungsten arc welding. Pulsed current was adopted in the welding process. Influence of pulsed current on morphologies and microstructure of Ti-Al intermetallics near the Ti/Al interface was investigated. Microstructure characteristics and phase constitution of weld zone near the Ti/Al interface were analyzed. In top surface and upper region of the joint, Ti base metal was partially melted, and continuous intermetallic layers with Ti₃Al, TiAl, and TiAl₃ were formed in the fusion zone. In middle and bottom regions of the joint, Ti base metal was not melted and a thin TiAl₃ layer was formed near the Ti/Al-brazed interface. Most of the Ti-Al intermetallics formed into discrete TiAl₃ precipitations in the weld metal in upper and middle regions of the joint. No precipitation was observed in bottom region of the joint. Thickness of continuous Ti-Al intermetallic layers in the fusion zone was controlled at a low degree by adopting pulsed current in the welding. Crack sensitivity of weld zone near the Ti/Al interface was decreased.     

Al/Cu异种接头钎焊和扩散焊的研究进展

概述了近年来国内外铜铝异种金属钎焊,特别是真空钎焊和扩散焊焊接技术的研究现状,分析了当前Al/Cu连接存在的主要问题。同时指出,控制Al/Cu接头区域中金属间化合物的生成,将会成为今后Al/Cu焊接研究的重点。     

Molecular dynamics simulation of tensile behavior of diffusion bonded Ni/Al nanowires

Interfaces play key roles in determining mechanical properties of materials. In current work we perform molecular dynamics simulations of diffusion bonding to evaluate the effect of temperature on the morphology of the Ni/Al interface and the strength of the diffusion bonded Ni/Al nanowires. The centro-symmetry parameter is adopted to identify defect atoms generated. Simulation results show that the thickness of the Ni/Al interface has strong dependence on the temperature of diffusion bonding. Following uniaxial tension tests indicate that the yield strength of Ni/Al nanowires is smaller than both the single crystalline Ni and Al nanowires, because of the Ni/Al interface acting as dislocation source and the mobilization of pre-existing dislocations at high temperature. It is shown that the mechanical properties of diffusion bonded Ni/Al nanowires strongly depend on the temperature.     

Cu基钎料电弧钎焊接头强度及断口分析

研究用钨极氩弧焊作为热源,用Cu3Si1Mn钎料、56Cu8Mn26Zn钎料分别钎焊A3钢板及1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢板。试验结果表明,在钎料/母材界面分别存在Si、Mn富集带,经XRD分析表明,Si是以Fe2Si相形式存在,而Mn是以固溶体形式存在;用Cu3Si1Mn、56Cu8Mn26Zn钎料钎焊A3钢板接头抗拉强度试样均断在母材,抗拉强度为308.2～308.7MPa,钎焊1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢板,拉伸均断在钎缝,其抗拉强度分别是331.5 MPa、382.9 MPa;拉伸断口分析发现,断裂起裂点在搭接钎缝的根部,主要是母材成分与少量的钎料成分混合、溶解而成,是脆性断口;止裂点在钎缝金属中（Cu3Si1Mn钎料）或在近界面上（Cu3Si1Mn钎料）,是塑性断口。     

Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding Al Alloy to Copper via Pure Metallurgical Joining Mechanism

The current investigation of refill friction stir spot welding(refill FSSW) Al alloy to copper primarily involved plunging the tool into bottom copper sheet to achieve both metallurgical and mechanical interfacial bonding. Compared to conventional FSSW and pinless FSSW, weld strength can be significantly improved by using this method. Nevertheless, tool wear is a critical issue during refill FSSW. In this study, defect-free Al/copper dissimilar welds were successfully fabricated using refill FSSW by only plunging the tool into top Al alloy sheet. Overall, two types of continuous and ultra-thin intermetallic compounds(IMCs) layers were identified at the whole Al/copper interface. Also, strong evidence of melting and resolidification was observed in the localized region. The peak temperature obtained at the center of Al/copper interface was 591℃, and the heating rate reached up to 916 ℃/s during the sleeve penetration phase. A softened weld region was produced via refill FSSW process, the hardness profile exhibited a W-shaped appearance along middle thickness of top Al alloy. The weld lap shear load was insensitive to the welding condition, whose scatter was rather small. The fracture path exclusively propagated along the IMCs layer of Cu_9Al_4 under the external lap shear loadings, both CuAl_2 and Cu_9Al_4 were detected on the fractured surface on the copper side. This research indicated that acceptable weld strength can be achieved via pure metallurgical joining mechanism, which has significant potential for the industrial applications.     

Microstructure and joining mechanism of Ti/Al dissimilar joint by pulsed gas metal arc welding

Butt joining of titanium alloy Ti–2Al–Mn to aluminum 1060 using AlSi5 filler wire was conducted using pulsed gas metal arc welding. Joining mechanism of Ti–2Al–Mn/Al 1060 dissimilar joint with different welding heat input was investigated. Formations of precipitation and Ti/Al interface were discussed in detail. Fusion zone near aluminum is composed of α-Al dendrites and Al–Si hypoeutectic structures. A few TiAl₃ precipitations appear in the weld metal owing to metallurgical reactions of Al with dissolved Ti. When the welding heat input was in the range of 1.87–2.10 kJ/cm, titanium alloy Ti–2Al–Mn and Al 1060 were joined together by the formation of a complex Ti/Al interface. With a low welding heat input, a serrate TiAl₃ interfacial reaction layer was formed near Ti/Al interface. With the increasing of the welding heat input, α-Ti, Ti₇Al₅Si₁₂, and TiAl₃ layers were formed orderly from Ti–2Al–Mn to weld metal.     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF 5A03 AND SUS304 IN TRANSITIONAL BRAZING

Stainless steel is so different from aluminum alloys in physical and chemical characters. When they are welded directly, there tend to be Al-Fe brittle compounds on the joint. This paper investigates the processing performance, interface microsturctures and mechanical properties of aluminum alloys/stainless steel by way of brazing after brush plating a Ni/Cu transitional layer on stainless steel. After the joints are brazed with Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Zn foil brazing filler metal on different brazing parameters, both the mechanical properties and the microstructures are satisfactory for application. And the influence of the brazing parameters on bonding quality of the brazed joints is discussed in detail. The results reveal that no brittle Al-Fe intermetallic Compound is found in the interfaces. The Ni/Cu electroplating layer effectively hinders the diffusion of Fe atoms from SUS304 to 5A03. Though a little AlCu3 brittle compound is produced, its quantity is too small to affect the strength of the joint.