面向抖动优化的任务静态优先级指派算法

对任务相对截止时限进行优化设置是一种减少输出抖动的有效方法,但现有方法均是针对最早时限优先调度算法,不能适用于任务集采用静态优先级调度算法的场合.为此,提出通过优化优先级指派实现任务集的整体抖动最小化,并给出一种启发式的优先级指派算法.根据单调速率调度算法确定任务的初始优先级,以最小化局部抖动方式依次对任务的优先级进行再调整,从而得到近似最优的优先级指派.仿真实验结果表明,该算法能有效减少任务集的整体输出抖动.     

一种有限优先级的静态优先级分配算法

静态优先级调度在实时系统中得到了广泛应用.然而,静态优先级调度受到系统支持的优先级个数的限制.当任务的个数大于优先级个数时,需要将多个任务映射到同一个优先级.针对优先级个数有限的情况,给出了在截止期限大于周期时任务可调度的充分必要条件,并提出了基于有限优先级的静态优先级分配算法(AGP).AGP算法对于基本任务集合是最优的静态优先级分配算法.其最优性表现在,所需的优先级个数最小,并且若采用AGP算法不可调度某个任务集,则采用其他静态优先级分配算法也不可调度该任务集.模拟结果表明,AGP算法的可调度性要远远大于常量法.AGP算法对于解决在嵌入式实时系统中任务的优先级分配问题具有重要意义.     

一种静态优先级保序饱和分配算法

在通信、雷达、导航以及各种消费类电子产品等领域,嵌入式实时调度已逐渐成为电子电气系统的控制核心,成本与性价比都是设计者需要考虑的重要内容.实际应用中,系统能够支持的优先级教目是有限的,当任务数目多于系统优先级数目时,RM,DM等优先级非受限最优算法尽管已经不再适用,但是仍然可以作为任务的自然优先级来辅助系统设计.利用自然优先级先验知识,提出一种保序饱和分配算法,用于任意截止期模型的最优保序分配.进一步的研究表明,当所有任务周期不小于其相对截止时间时,DM保序饱和分配是最少优先级分配.本算法复杂度低,可调度的判定总次数等于任务总数,远低于AGP和LNPA.     

基于排队网络的多优先级MapReduce作业调度算法

MapReduce是一个能够对大规模数据进行分布式处理的框架,目前被各个领域广泛应用。在提供MapReduce服务的集群中,如何保证不同优先级用户的截止时间限定是MapReduce作业调度问题的一个挑战。针对这一问题,提出了一个基于排队网络的多优先级作业调度算法（MPSA）。首先分析和归纳了基于MapReduce模型的算法,提出了三种常见模式,采用Jackson排队网络对基于MapReduce模型的算法建立了数学模型,应用该网络模型可以求出不同优先级队列对资源的需求;随后使用AR(1)模型进行预测,使算法可以动态地适应不同的用户访问量;利用二分查找算法,分步计算出不同优先级在map阶段和reduce阶段分配的槽位数;最后实现了在MapReduce模型中应用的实时调度算法。实验结果表明,与传统的FIFO和公平调度算法相比,本文提出的算法在用户到达率和任务规模变化的情况下,可以更加有效地满足不同优先级用户的截止时间限定。     

基于模拟退火算法的改进主/副版本调度算法

针对异构分布式系统中面向任务优先级约束的调度问题,提出一种基于模拟退火算法的改进主/副版本调度算法SAPB。任务模型以有向无环图DAG表示,该算法共计调度主、副2个版本的任务。在任务优先级排序阶段,采取HEFT的任务排序方法,避免了eFRD等主/副版本调度算法中任务模型描述的局限性问题;在任务处理器分配阶段,采取模拟退火算法搜索满足截止时限条件下具有更高可靠性的调度结果,并且采取多一重备份策略以解决处理器数量相对较少时任务优先级约束带来的副版本调度易失败问题。最后,通过随机生成的DAG图进行仿真实验,结果表明,相比eFRD等算法SAPB具有更优的副版本可调度性和更高的系统可靠性。     

一种基于多优先级队列和QoS的服务调度策略

针对网格服务流程的特点,在多维调度策略分析基础之上,提出基于多优先级队列和QoS的服务调度模型,并给出划分逻辑子网的思想,为具有不同需求的不同服务分配到最佳资源并得到最优处理.实验对资源调度公平性、服务请求响应时间等指标进行了测试,充分表明该调度模型的有效性.     

OSEK实时操作系统任务调度的优化

分析OSEK/VDX规范所定义的实时操作系统的任务状态及其调度过程;采用最早时限优先调度(EDF)算法对基于优先级的占先调度算法进行改进,得到改进算法--优先级时限优化调度法;运用差分时限链对优化算法进行实现,并对其有效性进行了对比分析.     

流媒体服务器比例带宽分配的改进算法

结合比例带宽分配与转码技术,提出了基于转码的流媒体服务器比例带宽分配算法.该算法将服务器分配与调度资源的过程细分为一系列充分小的时间片,在每一个时间片里,服务器根据已有的资源分配与预测的带宽需求情况进行综合分析,动态地给每一个请求分配带宽.建立的数学模型表明了该策略能保证所有请求都能在不同的负载下获得最佳的带宽分配.仿真实验结果表明,该策略不仅可以充分利用系统资源,而且还能保证不同优先级请求之间资源的公平分配.     

公网数字集群系统的动态并发请求调度处理队列算法

针对公网数字集群系统高并发时吞吐量低、响应时间长、失败率高等问题，提出一种公网数字集群系统的动态并发请求调度处理队列（DCRSPQ）算法。首先建立请求失败率和平均响应时间的优化目标，利用请求的各类优先级系数得到每个请求的加权平均优先级；然后，采用K-means聚类算法，根据每个请求的加权平均优先级确定所属的优先级队列，将请求分类到不同优先级的队列中；最后，利用自适应资源反馈调整机制，将系统资源动态分配给各优先级队列处理器，同时动态改变各优先级队列的长度，实现各类请求的高效快速处理。仿真结果表明，与分层级赤字加权轮询队列调度（HDWRR）和基于队列长度的动态加权公平队列调度（DQLWFQ）等算法相比，DCRSPQ算法的平均响应时间能缩短23.8%以上，吞吐量可提高3.5%以上，请求成功率可提升0.4个百分点。DCRSPQ算法具有更低的平均响应时间、更高的吞吐量以及更好的请求成功率，在公网数字集群系统并发情形下能有效提升系统的处理效率。     

一种改进的优先级列表任务调度算法

异构多核处理器任务调度是高性能计算领域的重要问题。针对优先级列表调度算法中存在的优先级排序方法失当、调度结果不理想的问题,提出一种改进的优先级列表任务调度算法。该算法对传统优先级列表任务调度中以任务执行时间平均值作为参数的优先级计算方式进行优化,提出一种基于异构核性能差异性、依赖任务特征加权优先级的排序方式。在此基础上,以当前格局下每个任务的向后关键路径执行时间为权值作为任务分配到处理器内核的依据,克服贪心思想在内核选择中带来的局部最优解问题。此外,在任务分配阶段利用任务复制和区间插入技术,缩短任务最早开始时间,提高处理器利用率。实例分析和模拟实验结果表明,该算法可有效降低任务的执行时间,能发挥异构多核处理器优势。     

Modified rate-monotonic algorithm for scheduling periodic jobs withdeferred deadlines

The deadline of a request is the time instant at which its execution must complete. The deadline of the request in any period of a job with deferred deadline is some time instant after the end of the period. The authors describe a semi-static priority-driven algorithm for scheduling periodic jobs with deferred deadlines: each job is assigned two priorities, the higher one for old requests and the lower one for the current request. This algorithm is called the modified rate-monotonic algorithm and is based on the well-known rate-monotonic algorithm. It is shown that the modified rate-monotonic algorithm is optimal when the deadline of every job is deferred by max (1, γ-1) periods or more, where γ is the ratio between the longest period and the shortest period. When the deadline of each job is deferred by one period of the job, any set of n independent jobs whose total utilization is equal to or less than [1+n(2¹n/-1)]/2 can be feasibly scheduled by this algorithm. This bound approaches 0.845 when n approaches infinity     

A note on on-line broadcast scheduling with deadlines

In this paper, we study an on-line broadcast scheduling problem with deadlines, in which the requests asking for the same page can be satisfied simultaneously by broadcasting this page, and every request is associated with a release time, deadline and a required page with a unit size. The objective is to maximize the number of requests satisfied by the schedule. In this paper, we focus on an important special case where all the requests have their spans (the difference between release time and deadline) less than 2. We give an optimal online algorithm, i.e., its competitive ratio matches the lower bound of the problem.     

An optimal algorithm for scheduling soft aperiodic tasks indynamic-priority preemptive systems

The paper addresses the problem of jointly scheduling tasks with both hard and soft real time constraints. We present a new analysis applicable to systems scheduled using a priority preemptive dispatcher, with priorities assigned dynamically according to the EDF policy. Further, we present a new efficient online algorithm (the acceptor algorithm) for servicing aperiodic work load. The acceptor transforms a soft aperiodic task into a hard one by assigning a deadline. Once transformed, aperiodic tasks are handled in exactly the same way as periodic tasks with hard deadlines. The proposed algorithm is shown to be optimal in terms of providing the shortest aperiodic response time among fixed and dynamic priority schedulers. It always guarantees the proper execution of periodic hard tasks. The approach is composed of two parts: an offline analysis and a run time scheduler. The offline algorithm runs in pseudopolynomial time O(mn), where n is the number of hard periodic tasks and m is the hyperperiod/min deadline     

Exact scheduling analysis of non-accumulatively monotonic multiframe tasks

In this paper, we present exact analysis for the worst case response time of the general multiframe (MF) task model executing on a uniprocessor according to the fixed priority scheduling scheme. The analysis is developed in four stages. Firstly, we present the basic response time analysis where we optimize the number of frames that have to be considered in such analysis; we show how their number can be significantly reduced by eliminating non critical frames that are dominated by other frames. Secondly, we extend this analysis to be applicable to MF tasks with arbitrary deadlines. Thirdly, the basic analysis is extended to cope with frame specific deadlines. Lastly, the two models of frame specific deadlines and arbitrary deadlines are combined and the relative analysis is presented. An optimal priority assignment scheme for the frame specific deadline scenario is also presented in this paper.     

A Feasibility Decision Algorithm for Rate Monotonic and Deadline Monotonic Scheduling

Rate monotonic and deadline monotonic scheduling are commonly used for periodic real-time task systems. This paper discusses a feasibility decision for a given real-time task system when the system is scheduled by rate monotonic and deadline monotonic scheduling. The time complexity of existing feasibility decision algorithms depends on both the number of tasks and maximum periods or deadlines when the periods and deadlines are integers. This paper presents a new necessary and sufficient condition for a given task system to be feasible and proposes a new feasibility decision algorithm based on that condition. The time complexity of this algorithm depends solely on the number of tasks. This condition can also be applied as a sufficient condition for a task system using priority inheritance protocols to be feasible with rate monotonic and deadline monotonic scheduling.     

A cost driven disk scheduling algorithm for multimedia object retrieval

This paper describes a novel cost-driven disk scheduling algorithm for environments consisting of multipriority requests. An example application is a video-on-demand (VOD) system that provides high and low quality services, termed priority 2 and 1, respectively. Customers ordering a high quality (priority 2) service pay a higher fee and are assigned a higher priority by the underlying system. Our proposed algorithm minimizes costs by maintaining one-queue and managing requests intelligently in order to meet the deadline of as many priority 1 requests as possible while maximizing the number of priority 2 requests that meet their deadline. Our algorithm is general enough to accommodate an arbitrary number of priority levels. Prior schemes, collectively termed "multiqueue" schemes maintain a separate queue for each priority level in order to optimize the performance of the high priority requests only. When compared with our proposed scheme, in certain cases, our technique provides more than one order of magnitude improvement in total cost.     

Sporadic task scheduling with overload conditions

Hard real-time task scheduling in a dynamic environment has been an important area of research, posing difficult problems. In an overloaded system where periodic and sporadic tasks have computational demands that are greater than the CPU time in that interval, the scheduler faces the question of which tasks must really make their deadlines. Assuming that periodic tasks have priority over sporadic ones, we end up with a system where some sporadic tasks may not make their deadlines. It is known that through the assignment of priorities to tasks based on the earliest deadline policy, there is no way to predict which sporadic task will miss the deadline and which will not. In order to prevent important sporadic tasks from missing their deadlines, we assign each task an importance function that is used by the scheduling algorithm. Generally, the summation of important function values must be maximized to allow the most important tasks to meet their timing constraints. We present two novel scheduling algorithms that try to maximize this summation. We show that these algorithms have better performance compared to related algorithms regarding complexity and benefit optimization.     

双头镜像磁盘的实时调度算法及性能评价

本文对双头镜像磁盘系统模型进行实时扩展,并提出了三种实时调度算法：最早截止期优先算法（ＥＤＦ）,可满足的最早截止期优先算法（Ｆ－ＥＤＦ）和忽视超时限请求算法（ＩＧＭ－ＥＤＦ）．这三种算法充分考虑了Ｉ／Ｏ请求的截止期限,使双头镜像磁盘系统能更好地满足实时需求．在进行了性能模拟后,发现实时调度算法比非实时算法能更好地满足实时Ｉ／Ｏ请求的时限要求．三种实时调度算法中,适用于硬实时应用的ＩＧＭ－ＥＤＦ的性能最好,Ｆ－ＥＤＦ算法的性能次之,它适用于软实时环境．