Preparation and characterization of polyvinyl borate/polyvinyl alcohol (PVB/PVA) blend nanofibers

In this study, it was aimed to prepare polyvinyl borate/polyvinyl alcohol blend nanofibers by electrospinning process. Polyvinyl borate was synthesized by the condensation reaction of polyvinyl alcohol and boric acid. Polyvinyl borate itself was not suitable for electrospinning process. To improve fiber formation capability, polyvinyl borate was blended with polyvinyl alcohol before electrospinning process. A series of nanofibers with various polyvinyl borate concentrations in polyvinyl alcohol were prepared. Homogeneous and highly porous mat containing 100–250 nm diameter nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning process. According to the FTIR results, boron atoms were found to be integrated into the polymer network. There is not any significant effect of polyvinyl borate content on fiber morphologies according to SEM images. The blend composition with the highest polyvinyl borate content was found to be suitable for thermally stable nanofiber formation according to the TGA results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

胶原蛋白/聚乙烯醇复合纤维的初步探索

将胶原蛋白和聚乙烯醇(PVA)分别溶解后复合纺丝,制得胶原蛋白/PVA复合纤维,对复合纤维的可纺性、力学性能和结构进行了初步探索。结果表明,胶原蛋白和PVA复合纺丝,具有较好的可纺性,复合纤维经过热拉伸、热定型和缩醛化处理后,纤维强度、模量和伸长率分别达到了2.3cN/dtex,30.69cN/dtex,20.12%;结晶度较高为70.57%;水中软化点由缩醛化前的89℃提高到110℃。通过扫描电镜照片观察复合纤维,未发现两相结构,胶原蛋白和PVA结合较好。     

聚丙烯腈/聚乙烯醇/石蜡储能纤维的制备及表征

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混作为纤维材料,石蜡为相变材料,通过湿法复合纺丝制得相变储能纤维;采用红外光谱(IR)、广角X射线衍射仪(WAXD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)表征了纤维的结构以及相变储能性能;分析了纤维的力学性能及相变潜热与纤维中聚乙烯醇含量之间的关系。结果表明:PVA的加入对储能纤维的断裂伸长率和断裂强度影响不大;随着PVA含量的增加,纤维的初生模量由49.1cN/dtex提高到100.5cN/dtex,热焓呈现先增加后减小的趋势,储能纤维中各组分化学结构基本稳定,在水中软化点由93℃增加到110℃。     

超细聚乙烯醇缩甲醛纤维结构与性能的研究

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、偏光显微镜、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、电子强伸仪等研究了超细聚乙烯醇缩甲醛(SF-PVFM)纤维的形态结构、结晶度、热性能和力学性能等,并与普通聚乙烯醇缩甲醛(PVFM)纤维和高强高模聚乙烯醇(HTHM-PVA)纤维的结构与性能进行对比。结果表明:3种纤维中,HTHM-PVA纤维具有最规整的聚集态结构和最佳的力学性能。SF-PVFM纤维与PVFM纤维截面结构均致密无明显孔洞,但SF-PVFM纤维具有较高的结晶度和较好的性能,其结晶度为64.6%(XRD法),熔融温度为226.4℃,断裂强度为7.1 cN/dtex,模量为1 10 cN/dtex,断裂伸长率为10.7%。     

羊毛粉/聚乙烯醇共混纤维的研究

采用添加还原剂、助溶剂、超声波振荡处理羊毛,制得直径小于2μm的羊毛粉,与聚乙烯醇共混进行湿法纺丝,制备羊毛粉/聚乙烯醇共混纤维,对共混纤维进行形态结构与性能研究。结果表明:羊毛粉/聚乙烯醇共混纤维截面趋于图形,无皮芯层,微孔结构致密;共混纤维的热性能较好,在234℃不分解;共混纤维强度约1.0 cN/dtex,随着羊毛粉含量增加,羊毛粉/聚乙烯醇共混纤维的强度和断裂伸长率下降,但回潮率增加。     

腰果酚/聚乙烯醇改性酚醛树脂的制备

以腰果酚、聚乙烯醇作为苯酚与甲醛缩聚的改性剂,研究了腰果酚和聚乙烯醇的用量,催化剂类型和用量等对其性能的影响。结果表明:改性酚醛树脂的最佳条件为:苯酚、腰果酚、聚乙烯醇、甲醛的最佳摩尔比为0.85:0.32:0.02:1,最佳的催化剂为苯磺酸,用量为4.5%。     

改性聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液的研究

研制了一种改性聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液 ,通过乳化稳定剂聚乙烯醇的缩醛化 ,用丙烯酸进行核壳乳液共聚和添加松香树脂共混相结合的方法 ,成功地解决了通用乙酸乙烯酯乳液的抗水性、抗冻性和抗蠕变性较差的问题     

腰果酚/聚乙烯醇改性酚醛树脂的制备

以腰果酚、聚乙烯醇作为苯酚与甲醛缩聚的改性剂,研究了腰果酚和聚乙烯醇的用量,催化剂类型和用量等对其性能的影响。结果表明:改性酚醛树脂的最佳条件为:苯酚、腰果酚、聚乙烯醇、甲醛的最佳摩尔比为0.85:0.32:0.02:1,最佳的催化剂为苯磺酸,用量为4.5%。     

A novel mass production method for Li2TiO3 tritium breeder ceramic pebbles using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) assisted granulation method

A novel mass production method of lithium titanite (Li₂TiO₃) tritium breeder ceramic pebbles using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) assisted granulation method (APG) was proposed. A binder solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used to modify the Li₂TiO₃ precursor powder. The powders with adhesive properties were prilled to form green pebbles (GPs) by spheronization at a low rotation speed and spraying with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), in several cycles. Then, the density and the crush load of the GPs were improved by high-speed rolling. Finally, the ceramic pebbles were produced by sintering. The phase, the microstructure, and the crush load of the ceramic pebbles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and with a universal tester, respectively.     

Fabrication and properties of keratoses/polyvinyl alcohol blend films

Polymer Bulletin - Blend films of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and keratoses (KOx) were prepared using water as a common solvent. Aqueous solution of KOx from wool was extracted via oxidation using...     

Properties of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride

By chlorination of polyvinyl chloride in a water suspension, a number of samples of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride of varied chlorine content were prepared. The density, the temperature dependence of the dynamic modulus G' and the loss factor tg δ, as well as some mechanical properties of these samples were measured. The structure of the chlorinated PVC is discussed and the assumption expressed that the secondary maximum at ? 10°C corresponds to the movements of the short chain interceptions of poly (1,2-dichloroethylene). The tensile strength and flexural strength is growing linearly with the chlorine content. The impact strength from 65% Cl on is violently decreasing. By its behaviour, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resembles a random copolymer of vinyl chloride and 1,2-dichloroethylene.     

不同性质的聚乙烯醇对聚醋酸乙烯乳液性能的影响

采用半连续乳液聚合的方法合成聚醋酸乙烯乳液。通过对乳液的粒子形态、压缩剪切强度、粘度、冻融稳定性的分析,讨论了不同性质的聚乙烯醇作为保护胶体,对聚醋酸乙烯乳液胶粘剂性能的影响。     

聚醋酸乙烯乳液组成与性质

]本文从实用角度概述了聚醋酸乙烯乳液的组成（乳化剂、保护肢体、引发剂、增塑剂、改质剂等）及影响乳液性质的各种因素（例如：聚乙烯酸、单体、引发剂的种类与添加方法等）。     

聚乙烯醇热塑改性研究进展

聚乙烯醇具有良好的使用性能和环境友好性能,是公认的绿色可降解材料。但聚乙烯醇分子结构高度规整,分子内和分子间存在强氢键作用,导致其熔点和热分解温度相近,热加工窗口窄,难以热塑加工成型,应用领域受限。本文以聚乙烯醇成品前后两个阶段为重点,系统介绍了近些年聚乙烯醇热塑改性的方法。文中指出,聚乙烯醇成品前期改性为共聚改性（改性单体为乙烯类单体、丙烯酸酯类单体和其他单体）以及调控聚合度、醇解度。而聚乙烯醇成品后期改性分为增塑改性（包括水及水复配增塑体系、多元醇类增塑体系、离子类物质增塑体系和多元酚类增塑体系）以及后反应改性。文中阐述了热塑改性原理,包括成品前期改性中聚乙烯醇空间位阻和空间规整度的变化,增塑改性中分子链间次价键力的相互作用以及后反应改性中聚乙烯醇网络状结构的形成。此外,对不同热塑改性路线优缺点进行了对比分析,详细介绍了不同改性物质与热加工性能之间的关系,为选择合适的方法制备热塑性聚乙烯醇提供一定的借鉴和参考。基于现有聚乙烯醇热塑改性方法及效果,提出了共聚改性和后反应改性将是聚乙烯醇未来发展的主要方向,以赋予其更加稳定的热加工性能,拓宽应用领域。     

角蛋白／聚乙烯醇纺丝溶液流变性能的研究

采用角蛋白溶液与聚乙烯醇溶液共混制备纺丝溶液,探讨了角蛋白含量、温度、溶液浓度对纺丝溶液流变性能的影响。结果表明,不同角蛋白含量的角蛋白／聚乙烯醇纺丝溶液均为切力变稀流体;增加角蛋白含量、升高温度都有利于改善纺丝溶液的流变性和可纺性。纺丝溶液温度不超过70℃,溶液浓度不超过15％时,其流变性能较好。     

氯化聚氯乙烯树脂综述

介绍了氯化聚氯乙烯树脂(CPVC)的性能、应用领域、生产和使用情况,分析了国内外CPVC树脂的性能差距及缩小其差距应采取的措施.     

氯化聚氯乙烯的现状和展望

介绍了氯化聚氯乙烯生产方法、产品性质及用途,分析了氯化聚氯乙烯生产现状及市场需求,并对氯化聚氯乙烯的发展趋势进行了展望。     

UV-curable epoxy varnishes modified with polyvinyl resins

Epoxy varnishes based on 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3′,4′-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate (EEC) and polyvinyl components, i.e., two polyvinyl butyral resins (PVB) and one polyvinyl butyral-stat-acetal resin (PVBA) were prepared and cured using a commercial cationic iodonium photoinitiator and medium-pressure mercury lamp. An influence of a type and content of polyvinyl resin (5, 10, and 20 wt.%) on thermal, optical, mechanical, and barrier features of varnish coatings was investigated. Coats containing the highest amount of PVB resins exhibited higher epoxy group conversion, higher gloss, and smoother surface in comparison with EEC/PVBA samples. Moreover, cured coats and films with PVB reached markedly higher barrier features, i.e., limited distilled water absorption and low water vapor transmission rate. An influence of reactivity and UV transmittance value of the photocurable varnishes on coat wrinkling process was presented and discussed.     

Dielectric and interaction behavior of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone blends with some antimicrobial activities

The blends of chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan polyvinyl pyrrolidone in dilute acetic acid were found to be compatible by viscosity measurements. The dielectric behavior of the investigated blends were studied using frequency response analyzer covering a frequency range from 10² to 10⁶ Hz and in a wide range of temperature. The permittivity ε′ was found to decrease by increasing the frequency showing an anomalous dispersion. The dielectric loss ε″ data on the frequency domain were found to be broad indicating that more than one relaxation mechanism is present. The data for the whole investigated systems were fitted using Fröhlich and/or Havriliak-Negami functions in addition to the conductivity term. The function detected below T_g could be ascribed to an orientation movement related to the side chain. A second function in the lower frequency range could be ascribed as a Maxwell Wagner effect which arises from the interfacial polarization caused by the multi-constituents of the investigated systems.The biological activity of such investigated systems was tested against a representative number of pathogenic organisms by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The activity was found to increase by increasing the amount of CS in the blend.     

Hybrid polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl chloride nanocomposites reinforced with graphene-carbon nanotube for acid red environmental treatments

ABSTRACT

Hybrid polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl chloride/graphene and carbon nanotube nanocomposites PVA–PVC/Gr–CNTs_a-e were successfully synthesized by a solution-casting method. Mixed Gr–CNTs ratio (50%:50%) was prepared in 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% and added to the host polymers (PVA/PVC). The characterization tools for the fabricated nanocomposites show homogenous interaction between the fillers and PVA/PVC polymer matrix. A significant improvement in the thermal properties of the (PVA/PVC) matrix was observed by adding mixed fillers, even at low loadings of mixed Gr–CNTs on to the matrix. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images of the prepared composites show a good dispersion of PVA–PVC and mixed Gr–CNTs and present core-shell morphology. Impressive improvement in the percentage of acid red removal using PVA–PVC/Gr–CNTs_a–e was achieved and improved with time, solution temperature, and composites mass. The process of removing acid red was described kinetically and thermodynamically. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model is the most appropriate kinetic model to describe the adsorption of acid red by PVA–PVC and PVA–PVC/Gr–CNTs_d nanocomposites from an aqueous solution. Our results offer a facile method for the removal of acid red from three types of water: red sea, tap water, and distilled water.