应用均匀设计和响应面分析优化马铃薯渣发酵蛋白饲料的工艺

研究以马铃薯渣为主要原料,通过均匀设计得到发酵工艺对发酵产物中粗蛋白质和真蛋白质含量影响较大的3个因素及取值范围;再通过响应面分析对马铃薯渣蛋白饲料的发酵工艺进行优化,得出最佳的发酵工艺为:培养基水分150％,糖化时间30 min;糖化温度30℃,发酵时间42 h,发酵温度30℃,酶添加量4％.发酵产品中粗蛋白质、真蛋白质质量分数较发酵前分别提高180.28％、156.19％.     

泡椒风味烤制鹌鹑蛋的工艺研究

研究鹌鹑蛋传统加工工艺,开发出一种质量稳定、标准严格,又能满足不同消费群体的新型蛋类食品。在影响鹌鹑蛋风味的主要因素中,选择鹌鹑蛋的生理预煮时间、泡椒膏的添加量、卤制时间、烘烤温度4个因素为自变量,以感官评价为指标,利用正交试验法对其生产工艺进行优化。最终确定最优生产工艺为:生理预煮时间150s、泡椒膏的添加量35%、卤制时间18h、烘烤温度180℃。此产品具有泡椒及特殊烤制香味,是一种集营养、美味、休闲于一体的新型鹌鹑蛋制品。     

混合肉发酵香肠工艺研究

研究发酵温度、葡萄糖添加量、葡萄糖酸内酯（GDL）添加量、食盐添加量对发酵香肠中乳酸菌生长状况的影响,确定最佳发酵条件,并利用感官评价确定最佳干燥工艺。结果显示,生产发酵香肠的最佳工艺条件为：发酵温度32℃、葡萄糖添加量0.92％、食盐添加量2．16％,GDL添加量1．04％;干燥工艺采用低温（12℃）。按最佳工艺生产的产品中亚硝酸盐残留为8．4mg/kg,符合国家对肠制品亚硝酸盐残留量的规定。     

大头菜-剁辣椒复合发酵品的工艺优化研究

该研究以产品发酵总酸度和感官评分为评价指标,利用单因素试验和正交试验优选大头菜-剁辣椒复合发酵品的最佳工艺.结果表明,最佳发酵工艺条件为菌粉添加量0.4％、食盐添加量4.0％、发酵时间8 d和发酵温度27℃,方差分析表明发酵温度对综合评定值有显著影响(P<0.05);最佳杀菌工艺条件为95℃杀菌10 min;在最佳发酵...     

鹌鹑蛋液真空冷冻干燥研究

以鹌鹑蛋液为原料,研究鹌鹑蛋粉的冷冻干燥加工工艺。用电阻法测定鹌鹑蛋的共晶点,通过正交试验,分析了不同因素对蛋粉品质的影响,得出真空冷冻干燥鹌鹑蛋粉的最佳工艺条件:预冻温度30℃,干燥时间16h,物料厚度4mm。     

微波辅助萃取鹌鹑蛋黄卵磷脂研究

研究相关因素,如萃取液pH值、料液比、微波辐射功率与时间等,对微波辅助萃取鹌鹑蛋黄卵磷脂效果的影响。以鹌鹑蛋黄为原料,95％无水乙醇为萃取剂,在单因素水平试验的基础上进行正交试验,优化微波辅助萃取鹌鹑蛋黄卵磷脂最佳工艺条件：95％乙醇的pH值8．5,料液比1：4,辐射功率650W,辐射时间40s．     

木棉花落花固体饮料的研制

以木棉花落花为原料,研究木棉花落花固体饮料的加工工艺。研究结果表明：原料在60℃的2．5％的柠檬酸水溶液中热烫120s护色效果较好;在原汁中添加0．3％以上用量的柠檬酸可以较好地保持木棉花落花固体饮料的红色;木棉花落花固体饮料的最佳配方为：白砂糖50g／100g木棉花汁、柠檬酸0．4g／100g木棉花汁、CMC-Na0．3g／100g木棉花汁、β-环状糊精4g／100g木棉花汁。     

鹌鹑蛋营养果冻的研制

以鹌鹑蛋为主要原料,配以蔗糖、明胶和琼脂及柠檬酸等辅料,在单因素试验基础上对鹌鹑蛋营养果冻工艺进行优化,并通过正交试验优化产品配方.结果表明,鹌鹑蛋液热变性适宜条件为:变性温度100℃、变性时间5min、蛋液稀释度1:4;鹌鹑蛋营养果冻优化配方为:蔗糖8%、明胶3%、琼脂0.5%、柠檬酸0.15%、蛋液用量33%.     

鹌鹑蛋液真空冷冻干燥研究

以鹌鹑蛋液为原料,研究鹌鹑蛋粉的冷冻干燥加工工艺。用电阻法测定鹌鹑蛋的共晶点,通过多次冻干实验,分析了不同因素对蛋粉品质的影响,得出了真空冷冻干燥鹌鹑蛋粉的最佳工艺条件：预冻温度30％,干燥时间16h,厚度4mm。     

含酒精型玉米发泡饮料的工艺研究

对以玉米为主要原料，以啤酒酵母为菌种，发酵酿制低酒精度的发泡饮料进行了研究。通过试验确定了蒸煮最佳工艺条件，时间为50min，打浆加水比为1：4，菌种的用量为10％；液化温度70℃、25min、pH5．5、α-淀粉酶用量0．25％：糖化温度61℃、1h、pH4．5、糖化酶用量0．5％：发酵温度15℃、48h、pH6．5、啤油酵母用量10％。酿制的产品具有千米特有的香味和营养价值。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the