成型压力和浸泡时间对混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响

在不同的试验条件下对抗硫酸盐侵蚀进行试验,研究了成型压力和浸泡时间对混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响．结果表明：按现有规范规定的成型压力取得的试验结果偏大,对评价侵蚀性能不利,采用振动成型更接近实际情况;随着浸泡时间的延长,混凝土的耐腐蚀性均有所下降,建议延长浸泡时间评价混凝土的抗腐性能．     

粉煤灰对混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响

研究了粉煤灰对混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响.试样为40mm×40mm×160mm细碎石混凝土和20mm×20mm×20mm水泥石,粉煤灰取代水泥用量为10%,30%和50%.半年浸泡试验表明,R<1.5的粉煤灰提高了混凝土的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能,在一定的粉煤灰掺量范围内,掺量增加使改善效果更好.XRD和MIP分析表明,粉煤灰通过其火山灰反应一方面降低了Ca(OH)2的含量,另一方面增强了水泥石的密实性,这有利于减少钙矾石和石膏的生成.     

长期浸泡下混凝土受硫酸盐侵蚀试验研究

通过观察,试块表观现象在一定程度上反映了硫酸钠溶液对混凝土侵蚀的严重程度,质量变化反映了硫酸钠侵蚀产物随时间的生成及变化规律,通过力学试验研究了硫酸钠溶液浓度、水灰比、长期浸泡对混凝土抗压和劈裂抗拉强度的影响规律。结果表明：试块质量呈现先下降、后上升、再下降的总趋势,低水灰比混凝土的强度对硫酸钠溶液侵蚀较为敏感,侵蚀溶...     

掺离子侵蚀抑制剂对海工混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能及其防护研究

针对伶仃洋大桥墩柱混凝土服役于海洋环境中易出现腐蚀的耐久性问题,研究了离子侵蚀抑制剂对暴露在硫酸钠溶液中的矿物掺合料混凝土力学性能退化,离子传输和微结构的影响;另外,还研究了钢管防护对半浸泡在硫酸钠溶液中的混凝土力学性能和微结构的影响。结果表明：硫酸盐干湿循环作用下,掺加适量的离子侵蚀抑制剂制备的混凝土具有良好的孔隙分布(有害孔比例降低),导致硫酸根离子在混凝土中的含量和渗透深度降低。此外,钢管对混凝土的防护显著提高了混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能(浸泡250 d,耐蚀系数96.93%),其作为隔离混凝土与其周围环境的屏障,减轻了硫酸钠溶液在混凝土上的毛细上升现象,从而消除了盐结晶造成的表层剥落。同时钢管的环箍约束限制了硫酸盐侵蚀引起的基体膨胀,导致孔径分布密实度的增加。     

硫酸盐侵蚀环境因素对混凝土性能退化的影响

考虑硫酸盐侵蚀的阳离子类型、侵蚀溶液浓度、侵蚀溶液的PH值等环境因素影响，研究了环境因素对受硫酸盐腐蚀的混凝土性能退化的影响，对在不同侵蚀环境下受腐蚀混凝土试件的抗压强度、抗折强度进行了测试，实验结果表明，在腐蚀后期硫酸钠溶液中混凝土强度降低幅度比在硫酸镁溶液中混凝土强度降低幅度大；随腐蚀溶液浓度的增大和pH值的降低，混凝土强度衰减率增大，对各种环境条件下不同腐蚀阶段的混凝土进行了超声声速测试，测试结果表明：随混凝土强度的降低，超声波在混凝土中的传播速度降低，两的变化规律具有一致性，超声声速的变化可以反映不同腐蚀程度混凝土强度的变化情况。     

硅灰裹石对水泥混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响

使用测长法研究了硅灰裹石对混凝土试样抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响,揭示了渗透性在混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀中的作用。研究结果表明：混凝土中水泥浆体与集料之间的界面过渡区是硫酸盐侵蚀的薄弱区域;集料含量增加,即界面区含量愈多,试样的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能愈差。采用硅灰裹石处理集料可以大幅度地提高混凝土试样的抗硫酸盐侵蚀能力。     

溶液浓度和温度对混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀速度影响

通过大量试验,采用强度损失、试件的长度变化和重量损失3种判定指标研究了溶液浓度和温度对硫酸盐侵蚀速度的影响。结果表明:侵蚀破坏速度随着溶液浓度增大和温度的提高而加快,但当浓度和温度超过某一数值后继续增加,侵蚀破坏的速度反而减慢。在各种影响因素下,硫酸钠侵蚀破坏的速度比硫酸镁侵蚀快。对硫酸钠型侵蚀,采用抗折抗蚀系数作为判定指标较为合理,而对硫酸镁型侵蚀,应该综合考虑抗折抗蚀系数和抗压抗蚀系数。     

混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀破坏分析与研究

为保障工程安全运行,延长工程使用寿命,将不同配合比混凝土浸泡在不同质量分数的硫酸盐溶液中,探究半浸泡试验条件下混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀的影响因素和破坏机理.结果表明:侵蚀过程中,试件质量随浸泡时间的增加,呈现先增后减的变化趋势,Na2SO4质量分数越高的溶液,试件的质量损失率越大,试件性能劣化越严重;在半浸泡条件下,混凝土抗压...     

高渗透压-硫酸盐侵蚀下混凝土时空劣化

为了模拟研究混凝土海水环境下的侵蚀损伤及劣化规律,采用质量分数10% Na₂SO₄溶液对混凝土试样进行不同渗透压和不同时长下的室内侵蚀试验. 结合微米压痕试验、CT扫描试验和电子显微镜扫描试验,对高渗透压-硫酸盐耦合侵蚀作用下混凝土的侵蚀损伤及微观力学性能进行研究. 试验结果显示,渗透压加速了离子迁移,主要起到了促进化学侵蚀作用. 渗透压越大,混凝土化学损伤速率越快,侵蚀深度越深;骨料与砂浆胶结处是易侵蚀、易破坏的薄弱点;混凝土内部孔隙易生成水化产物,高渗透压下容易生成大量短柱状石膏晶体及细密的针状钙矾石晶体.     

胶凝材料组成对混凝土TSA硫酸盐侵蚀的影响

研究不同水泥品种、矿物掺合料对混凝土抗TSA侵蚀性能的影响规律,采用掺30%石灰石粉填料的胶砂件,测试各砂浆在5±1℃的2%MgSO4溶液中浸泡1年后的外观破损与强度损失情况,通过X-射线衍射仪分析各砂浆的矿物成分.结果表明:不同品种水泥的抗TSA侵蚀能力由高到低依次为:硫铝酸盐水泥 硅酸盐水泥复合>硫铝酸盐水泥>抗硫酸盐水泥>普硅水泥.掺硅灰和矿渣细粉均能明显改善混凝土抗TSA侵蚀性能,且矿渣粉掺量越大效果越明显.由于粉煤灰活性低,掺量较少时可在一定程度上减缓TSA侵蚀过程,但掺量过多时反而产生不利影响.     

Evaluating Deterioration of Concrete by Sulfate Attack

Effects of factors such as water to cement ratio, fly ash and silica fume on the resistance of concrete to sulfate attack were investigated by dry-wet cycles and immersion method. The index of the resistance to sulfate attack was used to evaluate the deterioration degree of concrete damaged by sulfate. The relationship between the resistance of concrete to sulfate attack and its permeability/porosity were analyzed as well as its responding mechanism. Results show that the depth of sulfate crystal attack from surface to inner of concrete can be reduced by decreasing w/c and addition of combining fly ash with silica fume. The variation of relative elastic modulus ratio and relative flexural strength ratio of various specimens before and after being subjected to sulfate attack was compared.     

Deterioration mechanisms of sulfate attack on concrete under alternate action

By micro- and macro-observations, the deterioration mechanisms of concrete under alternate action between repeated sub-high temperature/cooling by water and sodium sulfate solution attack (TW-SA) were studied; meanwhile, the single sodium sulfate solution attack (SA) was also done as comparison. Micro-observations included the analysis of attack products by thermal analysis method and the determination of sulfate-ion content from surface to interior by chemical titrating method (modified barium sulfate gravimetric method). Macro-observations mainly included the mechanical behaviors such as compressive strength, splitting strength. The experimental results indicate, in both cases, the main attack product is ettringite, only in the first layer of case SA some gypsum is checked; in case SA, the sulfate ions mainly concentrate in the surface layer, so the attack is relatively mild; but in case TW-SA, the repeated sub-high temperature/cooling by water promotes the sulfate ions diffusing inwards, which leads to obvious strength degradation.     

Deterioration mechanism of sulfate attack on concrete under freeze-thaw cycles

The experiments of concrete attacked by sulfate solution under freeze-thaw cycles were investigated. The sulfate solution includes two types of 5% Na2SO4 and 5% MgSO4. Through the experiment, microstructural analyses such as SEM, XRD and TGA measurements were performed on the selected samples after freeze-thaw cycles. The corrosion products of the concrete were distinguished and quantitatively compared by the thermal analysis. Besides, the damage mechanism considering the dynamic modulus of elastically of concrete under the coupling effect was also investigated. The experimental results show that, under the action of freeze-thaw cycles and sulfate attack, the main attack products in concrete are ettringite and gypsum. The corrosion products exposed to MgSO4 solution are more than those to Na2SO4 solution. Furthermore, the content of gypsum in concrete is less than that of ettringite in test, and some of gypsum can be observed only after a certain corrosion extent. It is also shown that MgSO4 solution has a promoting effect to the damage of concrete under freeze-thaw cycles. Whereas for Na：SO4 solution, the damage of concrete has restrained before 300 freeze-thaw cycles, but the sulfate attack accelerates the deterioration process in its further test period.     

硫酸盐侵蚀下混凝土灌注桩的损伤效应

为分析外部硫酸盐腐蚀对混凝土灌注桩截面损伤和承载力的影响,研究了硫酸根离子在混凝土灌注桩中的扩散反应规律并探讨了桩身结构性能退化的影响因素.基于Fick第二定律建立了柱坐标下硫酸根离子的非稳态扩散反应方程,采用数值方法得到了扩散方程求解的有限差分格式,并通过相关试验结果验证了理论模型与计算方法的正确性.根据化学反应生成的膨胀产物计算膨胀应变,并通过损伤演化函数计算桩身截面损伤和承载力,建立了桩基损伤度与桩身承载力的相关关系,对比分析了不同腐蚀因素和腐蚀时间对桩基损伤与桩身承载力的影响.研究结果表明:内膨胀应变和损伤在表层的发展速度比内层发展更为迅速,增大桩半径能显著提高桩基的耐久性和承载能力,而水灰比大于0.4时,桩基损伤增长幅度最大.因此,合理增加桩半径并采用较小的水灰比能有效减小桩身混凝土损伤,提高桩基的耐久性并减少桩身承载能力的损失.     

Ultrasonic testing and microscopic analysis on concrete under sulfate attack and cyclic environment

The damage process of concrete exposed to sodium sulfate attack and drying-wetting cycles was investigated. The water to binder（W/B） ratio and the concentration of sulfate solution were taken as variable parameters. Through the experiment, visual change, relative dynamic modulus of elasticity（RDME） and the surface damage layer thickness of concrete were measured.Furthermore, SEM and thermal analysis were used to investigate the changing of microstructure and corrosion products of concrete.The test results show that the ultrasonic velocity is related to the damage layer of concrete. It approves that an increase in damage layer thickness reduces the compactness and the ultrasonic velocity. The deterioration degree of concrete could be estimated effectively by measuring the surface damage layer and the RDME of concrete. It is also found that the content of gypsum in concrete is less than that of ettringite in test, and some gypsum is checked only after a certain corrosion extent. When the concrete is with high W/B ratio or exposed to high concentration of sulfate solution, the content of ettringite first increases and then decreases with corrosion time. However, the content of gypsum increases at a steady rate. The content of corrosion products does not correspond well with the observations of RDME change, and extensive amount of corrosion products can be formed before obvious damage occurs.     

硫酸盐腐蚀混凝土构件损伤检测研究

采用化学分析、微观结构观察及超声检测等技术对混凝土腐蚀厚度进行测定,结合连续损伤原理对混凝土均匀腐蚀的损伤度进行了初步定义.提出了以化学分析结果为基准对超声检测混凝土腐蚀厚度结果进行修正的思路,研究了不同腐蚀厚度混凝土的超声检测与化学分析结果之间的关系.结果表明:超声平测法检测腐蚀厚度较小时误差较大(L0＜75 mm时),对声速突变测距L0＞75 mm时检测结果与化学分析结果相近,表明超声平测法可以用来检测不同介质分界面位置;通过对超声波在不同腐蚀厚度混凝土中的传播速率变化,发现超声声速与混凝土腐蚀层厚度有关,表明随着混凝土腐蚀厚度增加其内部结构密实性降低.     

Deterioration of concrete in railway tunnel suffering from sulfate attack

For the sake of understanding the deterioration behavior of concrete in actual railway tunnel structures subjected to aggressive sulfate medium in practice,detailed field investigations and tested analysis on sprayed concrete linings of approximately 40-year-old railway tunnels in environments containing sulfate ion were carried out,respectively.The results show that the deterioration of concretes in the investigated area is serious,which involves complicated physicochemical process between the sulfate salt...