膜电极产生臭氧的工作时间特性

采用Nafion膜作为电解质、b-PbO2颗粒作为阳极、碳载铂作为阴极,制备了固体聚合物电解质复合膜电极. 利用SEM和XRD研究发现,膜电极运行220 h后,阳极PbO2中约有6%左右的α-PbO2,阳极催化层颗粒之间变得疏松,PbO2颗粒的表面也出现了大量重结晶的纳米尺寸的PbO2颗粒,膜电极出现电流效率下降和槽压上升的趋势. 阳极PbO2重结晶导致的催化层结构和形貌改变是这种趋势出现的主要原因;晶体中的Pb2+被氧化为Pb4+所致的晶体原有结构的破坏可能是膜电极性能下降的原因之一. 膜电极在运行到180 h后,槽压和电流效率趋于稳定,这可能是由于阳极催化层的结构已趋于稳定.     

对称结构固体氧化物燃料电池研究进展

当采用碳氢化合物作为燃料时,具有同种电极材料的对称固体氧化物燃料电池(Symmetric Solid Oxide Fuel Cell,SSOFC)通过阴极和阳极的周期性转换,提高了阳极的抗焦化和抗硫中毒能力。通过对近几年来对称电极的分类和整理,总结了已有对称电极的优缺点。综合分析表明,发现适用于除了La_0.8Sr_0.2Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_3-δ(LSGM)电解质的单相稳定氧化物对称电极或者开发出新的对称电极材料是必要的。     

负载型二氧化钛光阳极对茜素红的光电催化降解

以溶胶-凝胶拉提法在多孔泡沫镍基片上制备了纳米TiO2薄膜光阳极,并通过均匀设计实验对其制备工艺进行了优化.对茜素红在固态TiO2薄膜光阳极上的催化降解进行了研究,考察了外加阳极偏压、支持电解质、外加氧化剂对目标物质降解效率的影响,通过紫外可见光谱扫描测定了降解过程中的染料溶液.实验结果表明:催化剂最佳制备工艺条件为焙烧温度450℃、TiO2镀膜涂覆5层、焙烧时间4 h.外加2.0 V阳极偏压时,催化降解效果最好;外加支持电解质NaCl、Na2SO4与外加氧化剂H2O2都可以显著地促进催化降解的效率.     

氧化锆基固体电解质的研究进展

综合介绍了氧化锆基固体电解质的粉体制备、成型与烧结、稳定剂及共掺杂的影响,氧化锆基电解质的电性能的老化,力学性能,与电极材料的兼容性、电解质薄膜制备的研究进展以及未来的发展趋势.由于氧化锆基固体电解质的操作温度较高,因此,电解质薄膜的制备工艺及其对电池性能的影响将是氧化锆基固体电解质未来的主要研究内容.此外,氧化锆基固体电解质的烧结性能、力学性能和高温抗老化性能也有待于进一步改善和提高.     

固体氧化物燃料电池的制备

采用柠檬酸-硝酸盐燃烧合成了纳米级CeO2基阳极支撑平板式固体氧化物燃料电池（solid oxide fuel cell,SOFC）的电解质与电极材料。研究了SOFC三极板[NiO-Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9（CGO）,阳极;CGO电解质;La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ（LSCF）-CGO阴极]的制备工艺,对制膜过程、烧结工艺等做了探讨。指出了较佳的制备条件。结果表明：物理混合得到的阳极优于共燃烧得到的阳极;球磨分散得到的阳极致密,乳化分散得到的阳极中NiO与CGO的分散较为均匀。     

钛基体二氧化铅电极制备改性方法研究进展

寻找稳定性能好及催化性能高的阳极材料是推广电化学水处理技术的关键。钛基体二氧化铅电极在稳定性及催化性方面具有明显优势,但仍存在不少问题。对钛基体二氧化铅电极进行改性以提高其稳定性及催化性成为目前氧化物阳极材料研究中的热点之一。本文主要综述二氧化铅的性质、钛基体二氧化铅电极结构以及针对电极不同结构层进行的技术改性方法;重点阐述采用改性钛材料作为电极基体、在二氧化铅表层与钛基体之间引入中间层、采用杂质元素与杂质颗粒进行掺杂和电极制备方法改进及优化;并指出钛基体二氧化铅电极的发展趋势在于：电极组成形式与成分的多样化,开发新的电极制备技术,以及研究二氧化铅电极的失效机理以便指导电极后续的改性工作等。     

专利信息

专利信息 固体电解质制氧机电极及其制备方法本发明涉及一种改进的固体电解质制氧机电极,含有亚锰酸锶镧,还含亚锰酸锶镧重量的2%～5%的高温玻璃粉;并同时公开了其科学易行的制备方法。该电极材料阴、阳极通用,制造、使用简单方便,原料配方科学合理,且与固体电解质界面具有良好的复合结合性能。本发明电极延长了工作时间,又降低了成本,使固体电解质制氧这一高新技术走向产业化成为可能。电熔镁砂连续二步法生产技术电熔镁砂连续二步法生产技术,将以菱镁矿石为原料,用电弧炉熔炼生产电熔镁砂工艺中的分解熔炼分为二步进行。先将矿石破成8…     

导电聚邻苯二胺的合成及在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

制备了聚邻苯二胺,并将其作固体传输材料应用在染料敏化太阳能电池中。用光电化学方法研究了染料酸性湖蓝、聚邻苯二胺(PoPD)、二氧化钛(TiO2)纳米晶电极以及用酸性湖蓝和PoPD复合敏化TiO2纳米晶膜电极的光电化学行为。用聚邻苯二胺作为固体电解质,染料酸性湖蓝,组装了电池,初步测定了TiO2/酸性湖蓝/PoPD电极作为光阳极的光电化学电池的工作特性曲线,测得Voc=0.43V,Isc=0.378mA。     

浸渗法制备固体氧化物燃料电池复合阴极研究进展

中低温化是目前固体氧化燃料电池研究的主要方向,影响其发展的主要问题是电解质及阴极材料的研制.浸渗法制备复合阴极能够显著提高电池在中低温下的电化学性能和效率,是目前研究的热点之一.本文介绍了近年来采用具有催化活性的电极材料、贵金属、氧离子传导材料等作为浸渗剂制备复合阴极的研究现状,并对其发展方向进行了展望.     

TiO2光催化薄膜的制备及其性能

在稀硫酸溶液中的阳极氧化钛箔,采用混合增长模型技术控制氧化膜的生长,制备了TiO2光催化薄膜,TiO2薄膜通过苯酚的光催化降解实验检验,具有较高的催化活性及很好的催化稳定性,实验结果表明：阳极氧化法固定TiO2薄膜切实地,不仅解决了TiO2微粒光催化过程催化剂微料与水难分离的问题,而且阳极氧化制膜所需时间短（几秒到几分）、工艺简单,十分有利于工业化制备。     

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Technology Status

In its most common configuration, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) uses an oxygen-ion conducting ceramic electrolyte membrane, perovskite cathode, and nickel cermet anode electrode. Cells operate in the 600–1000°C temperature range and utilize metallic or ceramic current collectors for cell-to-cell interconnection. Recent developments in engineered electrode architectures, component materials chemistry, cell and stack designs, and fabrication processes have led to significant improvements in the electrical performance and performance stability as well as reduction in the operating temperature of such cells. Large kW-size power-generation systems have been designed and field demonstrated. This paper reviews the status of SOFC power-generation systems with emphasis on cell and stack component materials, electrode reactions, materials reactions, and corrosion processes.     

固体氧化物燃料电池阳极材料的研究进展

固体氧化物燃料电池（solid oxide fuel cells,SOFC）有着能量转换效率高,燃料适应性强和环境友好等优点,因此受到了人们的普遍关注,但是固体氧化物燃料电池的商业化应用还取决于其关键材料的进一步发展。介绍了SOFC对阳极材料的基本要求,重点评述了各种阳极材料的优缺点及其研究进展（包括金属、金属陶瓷、混合导体氧化物等）,并对改进阳极材料性能的各种措施进行了归纳总结。     

Planar Metal‐Supported SOFC with Novel Cermet Anode

Metal‐supported solid oxide fuel cells are expected to offer several potential advantages over conventional anode (Ni‐YSZ) supported cells. For example, increased resistance against mechanical and thermal stresses and a reduction in material costs. When Ni‐YSZ based anodes are used in metal supported SOFC, elements from the active anode layer may inter‐diffuse with the metallic support during sintering. This work illustrates how the inter‐diffusion problem can be circumvented by using an alternative anode design based on porous and electronically conducting layers, into which electrocatalytically active materials are infiltrated after sintering. The paper presents the electrochemical performance and durability of the novel planar metal‐supported SOFC design. The electrode performance on symmetrical cells has also been evaluated. The novel cell and anode design shows a promising performance and durability at a broad range of temperatures and is especially suitable for intermediate temperature operation at around 650 °C.     

Mathematical Modelling of Proton‐Conducting Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Comparison with Oxygen‐Ion‐Conducting Counterpart

Proton‐conducting solid oxide fuel cells (H‐SOFC), using a proton‐conducting electrolyte, potentially have higher maximum energy efficiency than conventional oxygen‐ion‐conducting solid oxide fuel cells (O‐SOFC). It is important to theoretically study the current–voltage (J–V) characteristics in detail in order to facilitate advanced development of H‐SOFC. In this investigation, a parametric modelling analysis was conducted. An electrochemical H‐SOFC model was developed and it was validated as the simulation results agreed well with experimental data published in the literature. Subsequently, the analytical comparison between H‐SOFC and O‐SOFC was made to evaluate how the use of different electrolytes could affect the SOFC performance. In addition to different ohmic overpotentials at the electrolyte, the concentration overpotentials of an H‐SOFC were prominently different from those of an O‐SOFC. H‐SOFC had very low anode concentration overpotential but suffered seriously from high cathode concentration overpotential. The differences found indicated that H‐SOFC possessed fuel cell characteristics different from conventional O‐SOFC. Particular H‐SOFC electrochemical modelling and parametric microstructural analysis are essential for the enhancement of H‐SOFC performance. Further analysis of this investigation showed that the H‐SOFC performance could be enhanced by increasing the gas transport in the cathode with high porosity, large pore size and low tortuosity.     

Simulation of membrane microreactor for fuel cell with methane feed

Microreactors are composed of channels with a dimension of 1–1000 μm in width and depth. Three types of membrane microreactors for production of electric power by fuel cells with methane feed, i.e. (1) Pd membrane microreactor (Pd-MMR) followed by polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), (2) oxide-ion conducting solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and (3) proton conducting solid oxide fuel cell (H⁺-SOFC) were simulated and compared.

The Pd-MMR followed by PEFC was the most effective system for electric power generation compared with the other two types of SOFC although the system was rather complex. However, the performances were dependent on the permeation properties of membranes (Pd, YSZ, perovskite) as well as kinetics of catalysts.     

Fuel processing in direct propane solid oxide fuel cell and carbon dioxide reforming of propane over Ni-YSZ

This work is aimed at understanding the reaction mechanism of propane internal reforming in the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). This mechanism is important for the design and operation of SOFC internal processing of hydrocarbons. An anode-supported SOFC unit with Ni-YSZ anode operating at 800 °C was tested with direct feeding of 5% propane. CO₂ reforming of propane was carried out in a reactor with Ni-YSZ catalyst to simulate internal propane processing in SOFC. The performance of this direct propane SOFC is stable. The C specie formed over the anode functional layer of SOFC can be completely removed. The major gas products of SOFC are H₂, CO, CH₄, C₂H₄ and CO₂. Pseudo-steady-state internal processing of propane in the anode catalytic layer of SOFC is associated with a CO₂/C₃H₈ molar ratio of about 1.26 and basically CO₂ reforming of propane. CO₂ dissociation to produce the O species to oxidize the C species from dehydrogenation and dissociation of propane and its fragments should be the major reaction during CO₂ reforming of propane.     

SOFC氧离子导体电解质材料的研究进展及性能优化策略

典型的固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)由致密电解质、多孔阴极和阳极三部分构成。其中,电解质介于阴极和阳极之间,是一种具有全固态结构的氧化物陶瓷材料。电解质是SOFC的核心部件之一,是电池工作温度和电池性能的决定性因素。目前,对于高温电解质材料的研究与应用已经相对成熟。但是,在电池高温运行条件下,会导致电极和电解质界面反应、密封困难及使用寿命变短等问题。因此,SOFC电解质的发展逐渐趋向于中温化。但随着工作温度的降低,电解质欧姆阻抗(Ro)势必增大,使得电池的电导率下降。基于此,电解质在中温下的性能提升以及优化近年来备受关注。文中综述了几种不同类型的氧离子导体电解质最新研究进展,并论述了SOFC中低温运行条件下电解质性能提升的主要优化策略。     

Influences of feedstock and plasma spraying parameters on the fabrication of tubular solid oxide fuel cell anodes

This study developed a tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode support layer via atmospheric plasma spraying, which is considered one of the most promising methods for producing SOFCs because of its faster deposition rate and lower cost compared with other film formation processes. Plasma spraying can replace the traditional use of extrusion technology to manufacture the anode base tube, eliminating the need for high-temperature sintering steps. In this study, commercially available powders were used to make the anode of a tubular SOFC from NiO/yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) powder, and Na₂CO₃ and polymethyl methacrylate were tested as pore-forming agents. The anode composite powder was sprayed on the graphite base pipe, and the final product was changed by altering the spraying parameters and anode powder ratio. The direct current (DC) resistance measurements showed that the conductivity of the Ni/YSZ tubular anode formed with higher power plasma spraying could reach 428.55?S/cm at 800?°C. The experimental results showed that the power and parameters of atmospheric plasma spraying could affect the porosity and electron conductivity of tubular SOFC anodes.     

固体氧化物燃料电池阳极材料Ni-SDC的稳定性实验及热力学分析

以Ni-SDC作为固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）的阳极,研究了该阳极粉末在制备过程中以及5% H2S-N2硫化后的产物,并用热力学软件绘制相图对其在各种温度下的产物变化进行分析。结果表明：NiO-SDC在800 ℃煅烧和在850 ℃还原的产物与热力学分析结果是一致的。对比在5%的H2S-N2中硫化12 h前后的XRD表明Ni已经转化为NiS2,热力学分析验证了该结论。比较Ni-SDC和SDC硫化前后的Raman光谱和XRD结果得到：SDC硫化后主峰型没有发生明显变化,但强度变弱,说明粒径变大,可能因为有Ce-O-S键生成。