磁性聚苯胺/腐殖酸复合微胶囊的制备及其对水中Cr(Ⅵ)吸附性能研究

以腐殖酸胶体粒子稳定的Pickering乳液液滴为模板,通过化学氧化聚合制备了磁性聚苯胺/腐殖酸复合材料(PANI/HA/Fe_3O_4)。采用扫描电镜、红外光谱和X射线衍射等手段对复合材料进行表征分析,并考察了其对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能。结果表明:PANI/HA/Fe_3O_4对Cr(Ⅵ)表现出优异的吸附性能,25℃下最大吸附容量为210.75mg/g,且其吸附动力学和吸附等温线分别符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温模型。     

磁性Fe_3O_4/改性煤渣复合材料的制备及其对Cr~(6+)的吸附性能研究

以盐酸浸泡锅炉房的废弃煤渣即改性煤渣为前驱体,采用溶剂热法制备了磁性四氧化三铁(Fe_3O_4)/改性煤渣复合材料,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和物理吸附仪(BET)等对复合材料进行了表征分析。用磁性Fe_3O_4/改性煤渣复合材料作为吸附剂吸附Cr~(6+),并考察了吸附剂用量、吸附时间、Cr~(6+)溶液的初始pH和初始浓度对材料吸附性能的影响。结果表明,在吸附剂用量为1.5g,吸附时间为30min,Cr~(6+)溶液的初始pH=3.00的条件下,吸附效果最好。动力学分析可知,磁性Fe_3O_4/改性煤渣复合材料对Cr~(6+)溶液的吸附符合准二级动力学方程,连续进行5次吸附/再生循环后,材料的吸附率均在90%以上,表明其具有较好的循环可再生性,同时Fe_3O_4本身具有的磁性可用于废水处理过程的快速分离。     

Fe3O4/SiO2/PS的制备及对有机染料分子的吸附性能

采用乳液聚合法在Fe_3O_4@SiO_2纳米粒子表面引发苯乙烯单体聚合,制备了聚苯乙烯修饰的Fe_3O_4@SiO_2磁性复合微球(Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@PS),研究了其对甲基橙(MO)和亚甲基蓝(MB)的吸附性能。用透射电镜和扫描电镜对所制得样品进行了形貌表征。结果表明,复合材料中的Fe_3O_4粒径分布在150～220 nm范围内,粒径分布较均匀、分散性良好;用振动样品磁强计对样品的磁性能进行表征,Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@PS复合粒子具有超顺磁性和较好的磁响应性;采用X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、热重分析仪分析了复合粒子的结构和组成,用紫外-可见分光光度计测定有机染料分子的浓度,从而计算吸附量。Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@PS复合粒子对甲基橙和亚甲基蓝具有良好的吸附性能,在2 h达到吸附平衡,MO和MB单位平衡吸附量分别为94.5 mg/g、167.8 mg/g;该磁性吸附剂吸附染料分子后,可以用乙醇进行解吸附,在保持原始最大吸附量的81%下,可重复使用4次。     

QPVA/Fe_3O_4复合膜对罗丹明B的吸附性能

以季铵化聚乙烯醇(QPVA),Fe_3O_4和戊二醛为原料制备了QPVA/Fe_3O_4复合膜,利用FT-IR和SEM等对复合膜进行了分析表征。以该复合膜为吸附材料、罗丹明B(RB)的模拟废水为吸附对象,研究了Fe_3O_4质量分数、吸附时间、溶液pH及RB质量浓度对吸附效果的影响,并应用动力学和热力学模型对实验数据进行拟合,计算了相应的热力学函数。结果表明:最佳吸附条件为Fe_3O_4质量分数9%,吸附时间120min,pH=4,RB初始质量浓度110mg/L;该条件下,复合膜对RB的吸附量达31.24mg/g;QPVA/Fe_3O_4复合膜对RB的吸附过程可以用拟二级动力学方程很好地描述;吸附热力学参数的计算结果表明,RB在该复合膜上的吸附是自发、吸热的过程。     

纳米Fe_3O_4/黑曲霉磁性微球对U(Ⅵ)的吸附性能及机制

在Fe_3O_4中加入黑曲霉培养基混合培养制备了Fe_3O_4/黑曲霉磁性微球,通过静态吸附试验,考察了pH值、温度、吸附剂用量、接触时间及U(Ⅵ)初始浓度等因素对Fe_3O_4/黑曲霉磁性微球吸附U(Ⅵ)效果的影响。结果表明:pH值是影响Fe_3O_4/黑曲霉磁性微球去除U(Ⅵ)的重要因素。pH=4、温度为25℃、U(Ⅵ)的初始浓度为10mg/L、Fe_3O_4/黑曲霉磁性微球投加量为1g/L时,Fe_3O_4/黑曲霉磁性微球对U(Ⅵ)的去除率达到98.89%,在吸附15h后趋于平衡。采用SEM、能谱分析、FTIR等手段分析了Fe_3O_4/黑曲霉磁性微球吸附U(Ⅵ)的机制。SEM-EDS结果表明,Fe_3O_4/黑曲霉磁性微球成功合成且呈网状结构;FTIR结果表明,Fe_3O_4/黑曲霉磁性微球与铀发生作用的主要基团有羟基、羧基、酰胺基等。     

磁性Fe_3O_4@离子印迹聚(MMA-HPMA-DVB)复合材料的合成及其对水中Ni(Ⅱ)选择性吸附

采用超声协助悬浮聚合法以Ni(Ⅱ)离子为模板制备了氨基功能化纳米Fe_3O_4-离子印迹聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)-3-(2-氨基乙基胺)-2-甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPMA)-二乙烯基苯(DVB))磁性复合材料(Fe_3O_4@ion imprinted poly(MMA-HPMA-DVB),Fe_3O_4@IIP(MMA-HPMA-DVB))。通过EA、XRD、FTIR、TEM、VSM等手段对Fe_3O_4@IIP(MMA-HPMA-DVB)的组成、结构、形貌、磁性等进行了表征,并研究了其吸附水中Ni(Ⅱ)的性能。结果表明:合成的Fe_3O_4@IIP(MMA-HPMA-DVB)平均粒径为100nm,饱和磁化强度为43.8emu/g;共聚单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的羰基通过氢键与Fe_3O_4表面羟基结合,有利于Fe_3O_4@IIP(MMA-HPMA-DVB)的核-壳结构的形成与稳定;Fe_3O_4@IIP(MMA-HPMA-DVB)对Ni(Ⅱ)的吸附受溶液pH值影响较小;等温吸附线符合Langmuir模型,饱和吸附量(q_(m,c)=500 mg/g,q_(m,e)=478 mg/g)高于非离子印迹材料(Fe_3O_4@none-ion imprinted poly(MMA-HPMA-DVB),Fe_3O_4@NIP(MMA-HPMA-DVB)),q_(m,c)=90.9mg/g,q_(m,e)=83.8mg/g)。吸附过程可在5min内达到平衡,符合准二级动力学模型。Fe_3O_4@IIP(MMA-HPMA-DVB)能高选择性地有效吸附水中Ni(Ⅱ),对Ni(Ⅱ)的印迹因子(α)为1.9,对几种常见共存离子的选择性因子(β)7.7,是潜在的高选择性吸附和回收Ni(Ⅱ)的功能材料。     

氨基化纳米Fe_3O_4的表征及其吸附机理研究

以二价铁盐和三价铁盐为原料,采用化学共沉淀法制备了磁性纳米四氧化三铁(Fe_3O_4),并采用3-氨基丙基-三甲氧基硅烷对其进行氨基化,制备出氨基化纳米Fe_3O_4。对氨基化纳米Fe_3O_4进行了表征及分析。研究结果表明:氨基已成功在纳米Fe_3O_4颗粒表面修饰,制得的氨基化纳米Fe_3O_4不含羟基铁等其他铁氧化物,改性后材料的磁性并没有发生明显变化。同时,研究了氨基化纳米Fe_3O_4吸附水中氟离子(F-)的动力学吸附机理,对F-的平衡吸附容量为4.7393mg/g,吸附符合动力学二级方程。     

Fe3O4@SiO2核壳磁性纳米材料的制备及其对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附研究

首先通过溶剂热法制备了磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子,随后采用SiO_2对其进行包覆形成了Fe_3O_4@SiO_2核壳磁性纳米材料。通过XRD、SEM、TEM、磁性能分析和吸附性能分析等对Fe_3O_4@SiO_2核壳磁性纳米材料进行了表征。结果表明,合成的Fe_3O_4@SiO_2核壳磁性纳米材料具有Fe_3O_4和SiO_2两种晶型结构,SiO_2成功包覆在磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子上,SiO_2并没有对各组织的结构和成分产生较大影响;Fe_3O_4@SiO_2核壳磁性纳米材料的粒径在200～400 nm左右,且呈核壳式的结构,内层Fe_3O_4纳米粒子的颜色较深,外层SiO_2的颜色较浅;Fe_3O_4@SiO_2核壳磁性纳米材料在室温下的饱和磁化强度为76.31 A·m~2/kg,剩余磁化强度几乎为0;Fe_3O_4@SiO_2核壳磁性纳米材料对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附在1 500 min时达到饱和,去除率最高为63%,最大吸附容量可达120 mg/g,其对Cu(Ⅱ)具有较好的吸附效果。     

Fe3O4/高岭土磁性复合材料对Cu2+的吸附性能

为实现高岭土（Kaolin）在Cu²⁺废水处理中的实际应用,采用球磨方法制备了剥离Kaolin,并通过氧化沉淀法制备了Fe₃O₄/Kaolin磁性复合材料。通过激光粒度分析仪、SEM、XRD对Fe₃O₄/Kaolin磁性复合材料的形貌及组成进行表征,并通过测试Fe₃O₄/Kaolin磁性复合材料对Cu²⁺的饱和吸附量和磁分离回收率,确定了当Kaolin球磨4.0 h、掺量为3.0 g时所制备的Fe₃O₄/Kaolin磁性复合材料对Cu²⁺的吸附性能最佳,平衡吸附量为17.98 mg/g。磁滞回线结果表明,Fe₃O₄/Kaolin磁性复合材料具有较好的磁响应性,饱和磁化强度约为16.19 emu/g。此外,采用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温式对Fe₃O₄/Kaolin磁性复合材料的吸附数据进行拟合,结果表明,Fe₃O₄/Kaolin磁性复合材料对Cu²⁺的吸附行为基本符合Langmuir吸附等温模型和Freundlich吸附等温模型,既存在单分子层吸附,也存在多分子层吸附。     

氨基功能化纳米Fe_3O_4复合材料的一步法合成及其对五氯酚的吸附与降解性能

采用溶剂热一步法制备氨基功能化纳米Fe_3O_4磁性复合材料(NH_2-nFe_3O_4)。通过EA、XRD、FTIR、TEM、VSM等手段对NH_2-nFe_3O_4进行组成、结构、形貌、磁性等表征,并研究其吸附和降解水中五氯酚(PCP)污染物的性能。结果表明:NH_2-nFe_3O_4平均粒径约为20nm,饱和磁化强度为56.8emu/g;对PCP的等温吸附线符合Freundlich模型,当PCP的初始浓度为1 000mg/L时,吸附容量(q)可达899.2mg/g。吸附动力学研究表明,吸附过程可在5min内达到平衡,符合准二级动力学模型;将吸附PCP后的NH2-nFe_3O_4加入Fe~(3+)-H_2O_2体系,采用类Fenton反应可以实现PCP在可见光下原位降解。在pH值为3.0~8.0、5 min内对固载量为6.25~120.0mg/g的PCP实现近100%降解,较普通Fenton反应体系有更宽的pH适用范围。且NH_2-nFe_3O_4可循环使用,是具有优异潜力的水中PCP绿色吸附与降解材料。     

Au/Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子的合成及表征

报道了一种合成具有巯基官能团修饰的Au/Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子的新方法。采用共沉淀法制备Fe_3O_4磁性纳米颗粒,并在此基础上用聚(烯丙胺)溶液还原HAuCl4,制得Au/Fe_3O_4磁性核壳纳米颗粒,再用3-巯基-1-丙磺酸钠修饰Au/Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子,最后得到具有巯基官能团稳定的Au/Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)分别对产物的微观结构及磁性特征进行表征。     

Dispersion of Fe3O4 suspensions using sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate as dispersant

Dispersion of Fe₃O₄-water suspension is enhanced with appropriate decision of solution pH and the amount of dispersant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate. Active adsorption of dispersant onto Fe₃O₄ takes place only at pH levels below the isoelectric point. The median diameter is reduced with an increase in the adsorption amount of dispersant at first, and then it increases remarkably with higher adsorption. Change in Fe₃O₄ particle size according to the adsorption amount of dispersant is explained on the basis of contact angle measurements which relate to hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of Fe₃O₄ particles.     

Fabrication and characterization of uniform Fe3O4 octahedral micro-crystals

Uniform Fe₃O₄ octahedral microcrystals with perfect appearance have been successfully synthesized by a Triton X100-assisted polyol process. During the polyols process for the preparation of Fe₃O₄ octahedra, the introduction of Triton X100 decreases significantly the needed concentration of NaOH. The results show that Fe₃O₄ octahedra are composed of eight triangular sheets, which are equilateral triangles. The edge size of Fe₃O₄ octahedron is about 4 μm. The magnetic properties of Fe₃O₄ octahedral particles were evaluated on a SQUID magnetometer at room temperature. The value of saturation magnetization for Fe₃O₄ octahedra is 90 emu/g, which is close to the value of bulk magnetite. The remnant magnetization and coercive force of Fe₃O₄ octahedra are considerably low, which are rare for the Fe₃O₄ particles with the size scale of micrometers. The Fe₃O₄ octahedral microcrystals show high saturation magnetizations and very low coercivities.     

An easy fabrication of monodisperse oleic acid-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles

An easy route is described for the synthesis of monodisperse oleic acid-coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles with uniform size and shape via a thermal decomposition of Fe(acac)₃ in the presence of oleic acid (OA). The prepared Fe₃O₄ samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The results show that the resulting OA-coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles have an average diameter of about 24 nm and an OA layer, around 3 nm in thickness. The magnetic saturation value of the prepared OA-coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles is determined to be 78.68 emu/g, indicating a well-established superparamagnetic property.     

Polyaniline/Fe3O4 nanocomposites synthesized under the direction of cationic surfactant

Polyaniline(PANi)/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites have been prepared via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization directed with cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The studies show that PANi can coat Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. CTAB can produce insoluble substance with initiator of polyreaction, and plays a very important role for the coating of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles by PANi. Many Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles are bald without being coated by PANi when CTAB is replaced by anionic surfactant, so anionic surfactant can not play the role of CTAB.     

A true nanocomposite: Single crystalline Au nanoparticles on single crystalline Fe3O4 nanoparticles

An Au/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite catalyst was fabricated through a simple deposition-precipitation method. The Au/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite is a true nanocomposite that has single crystalline Au nanoparticles supported on single crystalline Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. Lattice fringes from both Au and Fe₃O₄ single nanoparticles were simultaneously observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). This nanocomposite catalyst showed much high activity in low temperature CO oxidation reaction. The Au/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite catalyst reaches 100% CO conversion at 40 °C. In comparison, Au/commercial Fe₃O₄ catalyst needs 375 °C to convert CO. This Au/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite is an ideal sample to study synergetic effect between the catalyst and the support at nanoscale.     

One-step pyrolysis route to C/Fe3O4 hybrids from EDTA ferric sodium salt

C/Fe₃O₄ hybrid materials have potential applications in sensors and anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. In this text, a one-step pyrolysis method was used to prepare C/Fe₃O₄ hybrid materials from EDTA ferric sodium salt. The magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles can be homogeneously incorporated into carbon materials to form C/Fe₃O₄ hybrids during the reaction. The morphology and magnetism of the C/Fe₃O₄ hybrids are strongly affected by pyrolysis temperature. This method supplies an ideal template to facilely synthesize C/metal-oxide hybrid materials from EDTA metallic salts.     

Preparation of Fe3O4/PVA nanofibers via combining in-situ composite with electrospinning

A novel approach, combining in-situ composite method with electrospinning, was used to prepare high magnetic Fe₃O₄/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite nanofibers. Fe₃O₄ magnetic fluids were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method in the presence of 6 wt.% PVA aqueous solution. PVA was used as stabilizer and polymeric matrix. The resulting Fe₃O₄/PVA composite nanofibers were characterized with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD), respectively. These composite fibers showed a uniform and continuous morphology, with the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles embedded in the fibers. Magnetization test confirmed that the composite fiber showed a high saturated magnetization (M_s = 2.42 emµ·g^-1) although only 4 wt.% content.     

Strong adsorption of chlorotetracycline on magnetite nanoparticles

In this work, environmentally friendly magnetite nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄ MNPs) were used to adsorb chlorotetracycline (CTC) from aqueous media. Fe₃O₄ MNPs exhibit ultrahigh adsorption ability to this widely used antibiotic. The adsorption behavior of CTC on Fe₃O₄ MNPs fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetics model, and the adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 10 h. The maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity of CTC on Fe₃O₄ (476 mg g⁻¹) was obtained at pH 6.5. Thermodynamic parameters calculated from the adsorption data at different temperature showed that the adsorption reaction was endothermic and spontaneous. Low concentration of NaCl and foreign divalent cations hardly affected the adsorption. Negative effect of coexisting humic acid (HA) on CTC adsorption was also observed when the concentration of HA was lower than 20 mg L⁻¹. But high concentration of HA (>20 mg L⁻¹) increased the CTC adsorption on Fe₃O₄ MNPs. The matrix effect of several environmental water samples on CTC adsorption was not evident. Fe₃O₄ MNPs were regenerated by treatment with H₂O₂ or calcination at 400 °C in N₂ atmosphere after separation from water solution by an external magnet. This research provided a high efficient and reusable adsorbent to remove CTC selectively from aqueous media.