连续变断面循环挤压AZ31镁合金的微观组织与力学性能

采用连续变断面循环挤压技术(CVCE)对AZ31镁合金进行循环挤压。采用光学显微镜、电子拉伸机等设备,分析变形前及不同循环道次后AZ31镁合金的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明:AZ31镁合金经10循环CVCE后,平均晶粒尺寸由变形前25.3μm有效细化到5.5μm;伸长率提高到34.3%,抗拉强度下降到200MPa。由于晶粒细化效应,导致α相主要变形机制由1循环的孪生变为随后道次的位错滑移。抗拉强度的降低与挤压后(0001)晶面取向分布的分散性有关;伸长率的增大与晶粒细化和滑移面的激活有关。     

一种细化AZ31镁合金的固液两相区复合挤压工艺

为了通过细化晶粒提高镁合金综合力学性能,基于“工艺耦合,缩短流程”的想法,提出固液两相区挤压剪切复合成形工艺。以AZ31镁合金为研究对象,结合Anycasting技术,对固液两相区成形过程的浇铸过程及凝固过程进行模拟研究;结合实际实验选取合适的挤压参数,从而有效细化AZ31的组织并提高综合性能。结果表明:AZ31在变形区中因枝晶破碎和压力对过冷度的影响等促进了形核,在有效细化晶粒的基础上保证了尺寸的均匀性;且液相的存在有助于协调挤压过程中的变形,减少滑移和孪生变形对织构的影响,显著降低挤压织构的强度,180°角的基面宏观织构极值强度仅为5.3。剪切角能进一步细化晶粒,并提高综合力学性能;当剪切角度为150°时,综合力学性能最优,屈服强度为222 MPa,抗拉强度为309 MPa,伸长率为8%。     

加工工艺对AZ61镁合金拉压不对称性的影响

采用一次挤压变形、二次挤压变形以及一次挤压后再进行锻造的三种加工工艺对AZ61镁合金进行塑性变形,研究不同的加工工艺对镁合金力学性能及拉压不对称性的影响。结果表明:挤压变形可以细化AZ61镁合金的晶粒,而在挤压后进行锻造变形,会使得其晶粒长大粗化。二次挤压后,由于强化了{0002}基面织构,AZ61镁合金的拉伸屈服强度增加,压缩屈服强度下降,使得拉压不对称性加大。而一次挤压后锻造,在挤压基面织构状态得到改变,且由于晶粒粗大,从而总体上使得AZ61镁合金的拉伸屈服强度下降,而压缩屈服强度几乎保持不变,AZ61的拉压不对称性得到改善。     

累积叠轧工艺对AZ31镁合金板材组织和性能的影响

采用累积叠轧工艺对AZ31 镁合金薄板进行剧塑性变形,研究了累积叠轧变形过程中镁合金板材的组织及性能演变.实验结果表明,累积叠轧可以有效细化AZ31镁合金板材的晶粒组织,显著改善室温延伸率,是制备大尺寸、高性能细晶镁合金板材的一种有效、经济而且可以实现工业化生产的技术.累积叠轧5道次后AZ31镁合金板材组织均匀,晶粒尺寸为1～2μm左右,晶粒细化源于大的累积变形及表面剪切变形;室温抗拉强度和延伸率可达到349MPa和22.46%,可归因于晶粒细化对镁合金强度和塑性的改善.累积叠轧板材的道次间的加热使ARB组织粗化,减小了累积叠轧过程中晶粒持续细化的效果.     

AZ31镁合金不同挤压速度下的组织演变及力学性能研究

目的 针对AZ31镁合金材料在挤压成形过程中变形较为困难的问题,研究AZ31镁合金在不同挤压速度下的微观组织和力学性能演化规律。方法 采用DEFORM–2D软件对0.5、3、12、20 mm/s这4种挤压速度下材料挤压变形过程中的材料流动趋势、应变场、应力场和温度场等进行数值模拟和分析。结果 AZ31镁合金材料的挤压温度场随着挤压速度的增加显著升高,不同速度挤压后坯料的温度模拟值与实验结果实测值的变化趋势吻合。随着挤压速度的增大,材料的晶粒尺寸先增大后减小,0.5、3、12、20 mm/s这4种速度挤压后的晶粒尺寸分别为1.0、0.9、1.4、1.1 μm,变形材料的加工硬化率呈现出先增大后减小的趋势。在0.5 mm/s的挤压速度下,材料内部的微观组织均匀性较差,然而强度较高,抗拉强度约为416 MPa;在挤压速度为12 mm/s时,合金的晶粒组织最均匀,同时其综合力学性能较好,屈服强度为220 MPa,伸长率为17.3%,其加工硬化率也达到最大,为0.184。结论 通过DEFORM数值模拟能够为镁合金挤压变形提供指导。对于镁合金挤压变形,采用较低的挤压速度(约0.5 mm/s)对AZ31镁合金进行挤压变形,能够获得强度较高、伸长率相对偏低的挤压棒材,采用较高的挤压速度(约12 mm/s),则更有利于获得综合性能优良的镁合金挤压棒材。     

稀土元素Y对挤压态Mg-Zn-Y-Zr合金的微观组织及力学性能的影响

目的 研究Y含量对Mg-Zn-Y-Zr镁合金棒料的显微组织和力学性能的影响规律,为镁合金成分设计提供参考。方法 通过对7种Y含量不同的Mg-Zn-Y-Zr镁合金挤压棒料的显微组织及室温拉伸/压缩力学性能测试,分析Y元素对挤压态镁合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果 随着Y的质量分数由0%增加到2.4%,挤压态Mg-Zn-Y-Zr的平均晶粒尺寸由17.9 μm减小到7.2 μm,拉伸屈服强度由161.2 MPa升高至230.8 MPa,压缩屈服强度由127 MPa升高至209 MPa。结论 挤压态Mg-Zn-Y-Zr镁合金的晶粒随Y元素含量的增加逐渐细化,室温拉/压强度随Y含量的增加而升高,但相比拉伸屈服强度,镁合金压缩屈服强度随Y含量增加升高得更明显一些。Y含量的增加利于Mg-Zn-Y-Zr镁合金拉压不对称性的改善。     

铸态ZK60 镁合金往复挤压的组织与性能

目的探索工艺参数对微观组织和力学性能的影响。方法材料选用铸态ZK60合金,通过试验研究挤压比、往复挤压道次对镁合金微观组织演变的影响,分析挤压比对T6处理的材料力学性能的影响。结果在一定范围内增大挤压比和增加往复挤压道次均有助于组织细化。在350℃、挤压比为8时,经过8道次往复挤压变形可以细化晶粒到3μm左右。晶粒尺寸达到5μm以下,增加往复道次使晶粒细化的效果不明显,但有利于晶粒的均匀化。在往复挤压温度350℃,挤压比8,往复道次8的条件下,经过T6处理的试样具有良好的综合力学性能,伸长率达到22.1%,抗拉强度为308.6 MPa。结论 ZK60镁合金在往复挤压和动态再结晶过程中,晶粒的细化与往复挤压道次和挤压比有关。若挤压比较小,尽管往复道次较大,但是晶粒细化的效果不明显;合理的匹配挤压比与往复道次,能获得细小、均匀的组织。     

铸态AZ81镁合金ECAP态组织与性能研究

采用自制的90°模具,经Bc路径在温度为300℃下研究对比了铸态及不同道次的等通道挤压(ECAP)态AZ81镁合金微观组织和力学性能.结果表明ECAP随着挤压道次的增加,AZ81镁合金显微组织和力学性能发生显著变化.当挤压到4道次,平均晶粒尺寸由原来铸态的145um细化为9.6um,拉伸断口韧窝明显增多;抗拉强度从180 MPa提高到306 MPa,延伸率和硬度分别达到15.8%和142HL.分析表明,AZ81镁合金在高温挤压过程中Mg17Al12相粒子被破碎,并部分溶入基体,$-Mg基体与%-Mg17Al12相互相阻碍其晶粒长大,获得细小晶粒组织.     

等径角挤压对AZ31镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究了电磁连铸AZ31镁合金沿A路径经常规等径角挤压(ECAE)和两步ECAE变形后的微观组织与力学性能.结果表明:与预挤压态相比,常规ECAE态合金随着挤压道次的增加,晶粒不断细化,伸长率不断提高,但屈服强度与抗拉强度逐渐降低;两步ECAE可以使晶粒进一步细化,伸长率、屈服强度与抗拉强度均提高.伸长率、屈服强度与抗拉...     

往复挤压高韧Mg-Zn-Y合金

将铸态Mg92.5Zn6.4Y1.1镁合金往复挤压2,4,8,12不同道次,然后分别正挤压制成φ12mm的棒材.采用OM,XRD及DTA研究了往复挤压不同道次镁合金的组织和力学性能.研究表明,铸态Mg92.5Zn6.4Y1.1镁合金往复挤压后,组织得到显著细化,力学性能得到大幅度提高,获得了高强韧镁合金.2道次后,晶粒约5μm,拉伸强度超过300MPa,伸长率高达20%.继续增加往复挤压道次,晶粒细化和拉伸性能提高均不明显,当往复挤压12道次时,拉伸强度明显降低,而伸长率达到23%.Mg92.5Zn6.4Y1.1镁合金的伸长率大幅度提高归因于在往复挤压过程中,铸态组织中的缩松、缩孔等缺陷闭合和成分偏析非均匀相的分布均匀化,以及晶粒的破碎、回复和动态再结晶所引起的晶粒细化及材料的流动,最终获得完全致密、细小而均匀的等轴晶组织.     

Effect of grain size distribution and texture on the cold extrusion behavior and mechanical properties of AZ31 Mg alloy

An experimental investigation into the cold extrusion and the subsequent annealing processes of an Mg-2.8%Al-0.83%Zn (AZ31) Mg alloy was studied. Microstructures, grain size distribution and texture evolution of the as-extruded and as-annealed specimens were investigated by optical microscopy and electronic backscattered diffraction (EBSD). Tensile tests along the extrusion direction were carried out at room temperature. It is found that firstly, the uniform microstructure with log-normal grain size distribution led to homogeneous cold deformation and good appearance without cracks for the as-extruded rods; secondly, texture was able to soften the yield strength induced by grain refinement and even overcame the refined grain size effect; thirdly, well-distributed microstructure reduced the absolute difference of yield strength for the sub-micrometer-grain Mg alloys.     

The microstructure,tensile, and shear deformation behavior of an AZ31 magnesium alloy after extrusion and equal channel angular pressing

The shear punch testing (SPT) technique and the uniaxial tension tests were employed to evaluate the mechanical properties of the equal channel angularly pressed (ECAPed) AZ31 magnesium alloy. After extruding, the material was ECAPed for 1, 2, and 4 passes using route B_C. The grain structure of the material was refined from 20.2 to 1.6 μm after 4 passes of ECAP at 200 °C. The 4 pass ECAPed alloy showed lower yield stress and higher ductility as compared to the as-extruded condition, indicating that texture softening has overcome the strengthening effects of grain refinement. The same trends in strength and ductility were also observed in shear punch testing. Similar shear strength and ductility values of the samples taken perpendicular to the extrusion direction (ED) and normal direction (ND) after 4 passes of ECAP indicated that {0 0 0 2} basal planes were inclined (∼45°) to the extrusion axis. The shear punch testing technique was found to be a useful method for verifying directional mechanical properties of the miniature samples of the ECAPed magnesium alloys.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Al-Zn alloy sheet fabricated by cold extrusion

Cold extrusion of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets was studied in this paper. Microstructure and texture distributions of the as-extruded sheet were investigated by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) method. The grains were significantly refined and the average grain size was 1.6 μm. Dynamic recrystallization has taken place during the extrusion process, which resulted in the high frequency of high angle grain boundaries in the sheet. After the cold extrusion, a weak double-peak type basal texture was formed. The formation of the texture was ascribed to the non-basal <c + a> slips. Tensile tests revealed that mechanical properties were enhanced due to grain size refinement, but mechanical anisotropy was obvious. It is believed that mechanical anisotropy was related to the splitting of basal texture.     

SiCP/AZ91复合材料的显微组织、力学性能及强化机制

通过搅拌铸造工艺制备出SiC_P体积分数分别为2%、5%、10%和15%的4种5 μm SiC_P/镁合金（AZ91）复合材料。对5 μm SiC_P/AZ91进行了固溶、锻造和热挤压。通过与AZ91对比,研究了SiC_P对AZ91基体热变形后显微组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：SiC_P/AZ91热变形后的晶粒尺寸取决于SiC_P的体积分数。SiC_P的体积分数由0%增加到10%时,SiC_P/AZ91热变形后的平均晶粒尺寸减小;当SiC_P颗粒继续增加到体积分数为15%时,平均晶粒尺寸反而增大。SiC_P的加入能显著提高AZ91的屈服强度和弹性模量,并随颗粒体积分数的增加而增大。SiC_P对AZ91基体的强化作用主要源于位错强化、细晶强化和载荷传递作用,其中,细晶强化对屈服强度的贡献最大。     

循环道次对高温叠轧AZ31镁合金板材组织与性能的影响

目的通过高温累积叠轧工艺制备出高强度的镁合金,并研究该过程中循环道次对AZ31镁合金板材的微观组织与性能的具体影响。方法对累积叠轧1～5次板材进行微观组织观察,并进行显微硬度的测试,得到不同板材的硬度值,通过X射线衍射分析得到不同板材的取向结果,最终进行力学性能实验,并对比分析。结果随着循环道次的增加,板材抗拉强度有明显改变。从260 MPa先增加至310 MPa,最后稳定在350 MPa左右;非基面织构比重增加;断裂伸长率先降低后升高并稳定在10%左右。结论累积叠轧工艺使得AZ31镁合金板材产生了加工硬化,并显著细化了晶粒。循环道次的增加、孪晶产生和晶界数量显著增多导致强度进一步提高。     

Dynamic recrystallization behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy processed by alternate forward extrusion

One of the important factors that affect the microstructure and properties of extruded products is recrystallization behavior. Alternate forward extrusion (AFE) is a new type of metal extrusion process with strong potential. In this paper, we carried out the AFE process experiments of as-cast AZ31 magnesium alloy and obtained extrusion bar whose microstructure and deformation mechanism were analyzed by means of optical microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The experimental results indicated that homogeneous fine-grained structure with mean grain size of 3.91 μm was obtained after AFE at 573 K. The dominant reason of grain refinement was considered the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) induced by strain localization and shear plastic deformation. In the 573-673 K range, the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the composite mechanical properties are reduced accordingly with the increase of the forming temperature. Shown as in relevant statistics, the proportion of the large-angle grain boundaries decreased significantly. The above results provide an important scientific basis of the scheme formulation and active control on microstructure and property for AZ31 magnesium alloy AFE process.     

Microstructures and mechanical deformation behaviors of ultrafine-grained commercial pure (grade 3) Ti processed by two-step severe plastic deformation

Ultrafine-grained (UFG) commercial pure (CP, grade 3) Ti was produced using two-step severe plastic deformation, eight passes equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) and cold rolling (CR) at liquid nitrogen temperature (LNT). Microstructural evolution and mechanical behaviors of UFG CP-Ti have been systematically investigated. After eight passes ECAE, the grain size was refined to sub-micron scale, smaller than 0.5 μm. Subsequent CR at LNT or RT for both UFG and coarse-grained (CG) specimens led to further refinement of structure, dramatically intensifying (0 0 0 2) peak, and the preferred orientation along the (0 0 0 2) crystal plane is formed at the expense of other crystal plane. After eight passes ECAE and CR at LNT, the ultimate tensile strength of UFG CP-Ti (grade 3) is 1218 MPa, and an elongation of 12.6%. Strain hardening behaviors of UFG CP-Ti (grade 3) during tensile deformation at RT have been analyzed.     

Effects of extrusion and equal channel angular pressing on the microstructure,tensile and fatigue behaviour of the wrought magnesium alloy AZ80

The microstructure, mechanical properties, fatigue life and fatigue crack propagation rate of Mg‐8Al‐0.5Zn‐0.3Mn (AZ80) magnesium alloy were investigated after extrusion and equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). The highest ultimate and yield strengths and a large enhancement in the fatigue lifetime were obtained after two passes of ECAP. These were decreased with further pressing, although the grain size became finer. There was a correlation between the fatigue and ultimate strengths of AZ80 alloy. The transition from twinning to dislocation slip has also occurred at an average grain size of 7.9 μm. Simultaneous influences of the grain size and the yield strength caused an almost the same threshold of the stress intensity ratio for different process conditions. Moreover, the enhanced ductility of the ECAPed alloy resulted in an increase in the crack growth resistance because of its better ability to accommodate plastic strains during cycling.     

铸态AZ31镁合金板材等温轧制工艺及组织性能研究

为研究铸态AZ31镁合金轧制工艺及轧制后组织性能,通过试验得到不同道次和变形量对铸态AZ31镁合金板材显微组织和力学性能的影响规律,并采用扫描电子显微镜研究了轧制后板材组织.结果表明,铸态AZ31镁合金板材经等温4道次、等变形量轧制后,板材厚度由20mm变化到4.8 mm,抗拉强度和屈服强度分别达到275 MPa和18...