介孔氧化铝的可控制备及优异除氟性能

以偏铝酸钠(NaAlO_2)和氯化铝(AlCl_3·6H_2O)为铝源,葡萄糖(C_6H_(12)O_6·H_2O)为模板剂,采用水热及高温焙烧技术制备了不同晶型的氧化铝。用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、N2吸附脱附(BET)对制备产物的晶型、形貌及孔结构进行了表征。研究了不同晶型氧化铝对F-的吸附性能,结果表明550℃条件下的煅烧产物γ-Al_2O_3对F-的吸附效果最佳。吸附等温线结果表明介孔γ-Al_2O_3吸附F-为单层吸附,其Langmuir最大吸附容量为5.96mg/g。吸附动力学试验表明,介孔γ-Al_2O_3在5min内已吸附超过90%的F-,且吸附过程与准二级动力学模型相吻合。介孔γ-Al_2O_3吸附F-的机理涉及OH-与F-的离子交换。     

海桐树叶为模板制备Al2O3陶瓷及其吸附-光催化性能研究

以海桐这种生活中常见的树叶为生物模板,利用树叶特有的形貌结构,通过预处理、浸渍、干燥和焙烧手段制备出具有分级多孔结构的Al₂O₃,采用XRD、SEM、N₂物理吸附等手段对材料进行表征。以亚甲基蓝(MB, C₁₆ H₁₈ClN₃S·3H₂O)作为模拟污染物,探究材料的吸附性能和光催化性能。结果表明,海桐树叶骨架布满Al₂O₃,完美还原树叶内部和表面气孔结构,比表面积高达28.3 m²/g,对亚甲基蓝的吸附率为29.4%,光催化反应速率为0.0202min^-1表现出良好的吸附性能和光催化性能。     

Al2O3掺杂BaTi0.85Sn0.15O3陶瓷的制备及性能表征

通过传统固相二次烧结法来制备x wt% Al₂O₃（x=0、1.0、1.5）/BaTi_0.85Sn_0.15O₃（BTS）陶瓷。研究了掺杂不同含量Al₂O₃对BTS陶瓷的微观结构、介电性能及挠曲电性能的影响。结果表明,掺杂Al₂O₃的BTS陶瓷不改变陶瓷的晶体结构,仍为标准钙钛矿结构晶型;Al₂O₃的掺入能够有效降低晶粒尺寸,具有明显的细晶作用。随着Al₂O₃含量的增大,Al₂O₃/BTS陶瓷的介电常数减小,介电损耗得到明显改善,居里峰逐渐宽化且向温度高的方向偏移。Al₂O₃/BTS陶瓷的挠曲电系数随着Al₂O₃含量的增加和测试环境温度的升高均减小。此外,Al₂O₃/BTS陶瓷的挠曲电系数和介电常数之间存在一种近线性关系,但当温度非常接近于居里温度时,这种线性关系减弱。     

Al2O3/Steel-epoxy层状复合材料的制备和性能

采用环氧树脂胶黏剂作为粘结剂,通过一种简单的模压方法,在5 MPa压力下常温固化,制备了一系列Al2O3/steel-epoxy层状复合陶瓷材料。结果显示,Al2O3/epoxy界面和steel/epoxy界面结合紧密。相比于氧化铝薄片,Al2O3/steel-epoxy层状复合陶瓷材料强度差别不大,但具有更高的断裂韧性、冲击韧性和断裂吸收能。裂纹扩展分析认为层状复合材料断裂韧性和能量吸收的提高主要得益于裂纹尖端钝化和捕获、裂纹桥连、层间脱粘和steel-epoxy层的塑性变形等机制。     

MgO/Al2O3吸附剂对CO2静态吸附性能研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备MgO/Al2O3吸附剂。利用X光电子衍射(XRD)、氮气吸附、原位红外吸附等手段对材料的结构进行表征,通过静态吸附的方法对其吸附性能进行了测定。实验结果表明,所得到的MgO/Al2O3吸附剂,主要存在3个不同的碱性位,CO2吸附后主要是以碳酸氢盐、双齿碳酸盐和单齿碳酸盐的形式存在的。当MgO的负载量为10wt%时,其对CO2的吸附量是最大的。在30℃条件下,其对CO2的吸附量为54.1mg/g,随着温度的升高,吸附量有所降低,在100℃时,其对CO2的吸附量为31mg/g,吸附量的降低主要是由于碳酸盐的分解所致。     

CaO/γ-Al2O3吸附剂吸附CO2的性能研究

采用浸渍法制备了以γ-Al2O3为载体的CaO/γ-Al2O3吸附剂,并在自制吸附剂评价装置上,研究了不同CaO负载量对CaO/γ-Al2O3吸附剂吸附性能的影响。利用XRD及BET对CaO/γ-Al2O3吸附剂的物相及结构进行了表征。实验结果表明,CaO/γ-Al2O3吸附剂对CO2有较好的吸附性能,并且CaO/γ-Al2O3吸附剂的比表面积、孔容随着CaO负载量的增大而减小。当CaO的负载量为25%(wt,下同)时,CaO/γ-Al2O3吸附剂的静吸附容量达到最大值,4.95mol/kg。     

Pt/介孔TiO2-SiO2的制备、表征及光催化性能研究

以正硅酸乙酯、钛酸异丙酯为前驱体，尿素为沉淀剂，改进的均匀沉淀法制备了TiO2-SiO2介孔复合材料，用XRD、FTIR、氮气吸附-脱附、XPS等对材料进行了表征．结果表明：Ti／Si摩尔比为0．5的介孔复合材料平均孔径为3．2nm，比表面积达到609m^2／g．用光还原法在材料表面沉积适量的贵金属Pt，大大提高了材料的光催化活性．     

一维纤维状α-Al2O3粉体的水热-热解法制备与表征

以Al(NO3)3·9H2O、尿素为原料,以PEG2000为表面活性剂,采用水热-热解法合成纤维状氧化铝粉体。用XRD、SEM对产物进行表征,研究了不同水热时间、pH值、硝酸铝浓度、PEG2000添加量及铝源等因素对纤维状α-Al2O3粉体结晶状况、晶粒尺寸、晶体形貌的影响,分析了合成反应机理。实验结果表明:PEG2000添加量是影响反应体系得到纤维形貌产物的关键。     

电纺La2O3-CeO2纳米纤维的除氟性能

纳米双金属氧化物作为除氟剂具有广泛的应用前景。以六水合硝酸铈和六水合硝酸镧为原料,聚丙烯腈(PAN)为模板,通过静电纺丝技术与煅烧相结合制备La₂O₃-CeO₂纳米纤维,利用TEM、SEM-EDS、BET、FTIR和XRD对La₂O₃-CeO₂纳米纤维的形貌和结构进行表征。探究了La₂O₃-CeO₂纳米纤维对氟离子吸附性能,研究了pH、吸附质(F-)初始浓度、吸附时间、La₂O₃-CeO₂纳米纤维投加量和共存阴离子等对除氟效率的影响。研究结果表明,La₂O₃-CeO₂纳米纤维的比表面积为31.04 m²·g^-1。pH为3时,La₂O₃-CeO₂纳米纤维的...     

室温离子液体辅助制备中孔γ-Al2O3

液相反应条件下,以薄姆石溶胶为铝源,室温离子液体1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([BMIM][BF4])存在下制备了晶态结构中孔γ-Al2O3.采用N2物理吸附,X射线衍射,透射电子显微镜,27Al魔角固体核磁共振对所制备的样品进行了结构表征.结果表明:通过调节[BMIM][BF4]的用量,得到了孔道结构呈脚手架状、比表面积较大、平均孔径在12nm左右、孔容在1.0cm3/g以上,孔径分布较宽的介孔氧化铝;[BMIM][BF4]加入能够明显改善氧化铝的孔道结构.     

核-壳结构粒子SiO_2@Bi_2O_3的制备及红外发射率研究

为了研究制备复合隐身粒子的方法,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了核-壳结构SiO2@Bi2O3粒子.通过XRD、TEM及发射率测试仪对制备的材料的结构、形貌和性能进行了表征.XRD表明在700℃可以得到Bi2O3纯相;红外发射率测试表明,Bi2O3具有较低的红外发射率,在SiO2表面包覆Bi2O3后,在3～5μm和8～14μm两个测试波段都能降低SiO2的红外发射率.通过核-壳结构的形式,在较高发射率的样品表面涂覆红外发射率较低的样品,可以提高红外隐身效果.     

Preparation and studies of Eu and Tb co-doped Gd2O3 and Y2O3 sol-gel scintillating films

Eu³⁺ (2.5 at.%) and Tb³⁺ (0.005-0.01 at.%) co-doped gadolinium and yttrium oxide (Gd₂O₃ and Y₂O₃) powders and films have been prepared using the sol-gel process. High density and optical quality thin films were prepared with the dip-coating technique. Gadolinium (III) 2,4-pentadionate and yttrium (III) 2,4-pentadionate were used as precursors, and europium and terbium in their nitrate forms were used as doping agents. Chemical and structural analyses (infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy) were conducted on both sol-gel precursor powders and dip-coated films. The morphology of thin films heat-treated at 700 °C was studied by means of atomic force microscopy. It was shown that the highly dense and very smooth films had a root mean roughness (RMS) of 2 nm ± 0.2 (A = 0.0075 Tb³⁺) and 24 nm ± 3.0 (B = 0.01 Tb³⁺). After treatment at 700 °C, the crystallized films were in the cubic phase and presented a polycrystalline structure made up of randomly oriented crystallites with grain sizes varying from 20 to 60 nm. The X-ray induced emission spectra of Eu³⁺- and Tb³⁺-doped Gd₂O₃ and Y₂O₃ powders showed that Tb³⁺ contents of 0.005, 0.0075 and 0.01 at.% affected their optical properties. Lower Tb³⁺ concentrations (down to 0.005 at.%) in both systems enhanced the light yield.     

Preparation and photoluminescence properties of Eu-doped Ga2O3 nanorods

GaOOH:Eu³⁺ nanorods with different aspect ratios were prepared by hydrothermal method at 140 °C. - and β-Ga₂O₃:Eu³⁺ were converted from as-prepared GaOOH:Eu³⁺ particles by calcination at 500 and 850 °C, respectively. The products were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL). Results show that solution pH values play a key role in the formation of the GaOOH:Eu³⁺ powders with different morphologies and - and β-Ga₂:Eu³⁺ inherit the morphology of GaOOH:Eu³⁺ exactly. The photoluminescence characteristics of β-Ga₂O₃:Eu³⁺ were also investigated. Experimental results reveal that the color purity of β-Ga₂O₃:Eu³⁺ nanorods with high aspect ratio is enhanced in comparison with β-Ga₂O₃:Eu³⁺ nanorods with low aspect ratio.     

复合吸附剂CaCl2/MWNT低湿环境下吸附性能的实验研究

以碾磨法配制了一种由氯化钙(CaCl_2)与多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)组成的复合吸附剂,测得3种不同配比复合吸附剂样品(氯化钙质量含量分别为40%、50%、55.6%)在低湿度情况下的吸附情况。分析结果表明,随着湿度升高,复合吸附剂吸附速度越快,平衡吸附量越高;但在低湿度情况下(25℃、相对湿度35%),当氯化钙含量达到50%及以上时,由于复合吸附剂外表面氯化钙吸水形成带结晶水的氯化钙晶体从而影响水蒸气向内表面扩散过程,导致吸附剂吸附速度降低。     

介孔材料CO2吸附性能的研究进展

介孔材料以其适中的孔径、大的比表面积、较高的热稳定性和水热稳定性,在吸附、催化、分离等方面有着广阔的应用前景。综述了近年来介孔材料在CO2吸附领域的研究进展,重点介绍了介孔材料及改性介孔材料吸收CO2的方法;并指出以新材料特别是介孔材料为主体进行碳捕集是今后的主要研究方向。     

Mn-Al双金属氢氧化物的制备及其除氟性能

采用共沉淀法制备Mn-Al双金属氢氧化物吸附剂,优化了合成条件,并利用扫描电子显微镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)及能谱分析仪(Energy dispersive spectrometer,EDS)、X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、热重分析仪(Thermogravimetric analyzer,TGA)、比表面积分析仪(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area,BET)等对吸附材料进行表征探讨。研究结果表明pH值和共存离子等因素对Mn-Al双金属氢氧化物吸附剂除氟效能有一定的影响,在pH为6时,达到最大吸附容量,为44.15mg·g-1,氯离子和硝酸根离子能够提高吸附剂除氟效率,磷酸根离子与氟离子有一定的竞争吸附。     

Transparent Ga and Zn co-doped In2O3 electrode prepared by co-sputtering of Ga:In2O3 and Zn:In2O3 targets at room temperature

This study examined the characteristics of Ga:In₂O₃ (IGO) co-sputtered Zn:In₂O₃ (IZO) films prepared by dual target direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering at room temperature in a pure Ar atmosphere for transparent electrodes in IGZO-based TFTs. Electrical, optical, structural and surface properties of Ga and Zn co-doped In₂O₃ (IGZO) electrodes were investigated as a function of IGO and IZO target DC power during the co-sputtering process. Unlike semiconducting InGaZnO₄ films, which were widely used as a channel layer in the oxide TFTs, the co-sputtered IGZO films showed a high transmittance (91.84%) and low resistivity (4.1 × 10^− 4 Ω cm) at optimized DC power of the IGO and IZO targets, due to low atomic percent of Ga and Zn elements. Furthermore, the IGO co-sputtered IZO films showed a very smooth and featureless surface and an amorphous structure regardless of the IGO and IZO DC power due to the room temperature sputtering process. This indicates that co-sputtered IGZO films are a promising S/D electrode in the IGZO-based TFTs due to their low resistivity, high transmittance and same elements with channel InGaZnO₄ layer.     

Fe3O4/MnO2磁性复合氧化物催化剂的制备及性能

具有磁性的非均相催化剂价格低廉、低污染、高能效、容易从溶液中分离出来。经过水热合成法合成的Fe₃O₄/MnO₂磁性复合氧化物催化剂在活化过一硫酸盐（2KHSO₅·KHSO₄·K₂SO₄）产生硫酸根自由基（SO₄-）降解水中有机污染物表现出了优良的性能。把不同质量的磁性Fe₃O₄微球与线状的MnO₂负载到一起,合成三种Fe₃O₄:MnO₂质量比分别为1:3、2:3、1:1的Fe₃O₄/MnO₂催化剂,经过XRD、SEM和TEM表征,表明这两种金属氧化物负载到一起。对比不同Fe₃O₄:MnO₂质量比的Fe₃O₄/MnO₂磁性复合氧化物催化剂活化2KHSO₅·KHSO₄·K₂SO₄的活性,发现Fe₃O₄/MnO₂（2:3）催化剂催化活性最高。通过考察不同因素对Fe₃O₄/MnO₂（2:3）催化活性的影响得出,水中罗丹明B（Rh B）降解的最佳条件为10 mg/L Rh B、0.4 g/L Fe₃O₄/MnO₂催化剂、0.3 g/L 2KHSO₅·KHSO₄·K₂SO₄、pH=8。Fe₃O₄/MnO₂（2:3）磁性复合氧化物催化剂经过3次循环利用后,催化活性没有明显下降。SO₄-在降解水中Rh B起主要作用。      

SiO_2含量对氧化铁基Fe_2O_3-SiO_2二元复合干凝胶性能的影响

以水合氯化铁和正硅酸乙酯为前驱物,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备不同SiO_2含量的氧化铁基Fe_2O_3-SiO_2二元复合凝胶,利用冷冻干燥法对凝胶进行干燥得到复合干凝胶。分别采用BET、IR和SEM对复合凝胶的比表面积、孔结构、红外吸收峰和表面形貌进行分析。结果表明,复合凝胶的比表面积和孔体积随着SiO_2含量的增加而增加...     

Synthesis and structural characterization of (Bi2O3)1?x (Y2O3)x and (Bi2O3)1?x (Gd2O3)x solid solutions

Solid solution series, (Bi₂O₃)_1−x (Y₂O₃)_x and (Bi₂O₃)_1−x (Gd₂O₃)_x, forx = 0.10, 0.20, 0.30 and 0.40 were synthesized by standard ceramic technique. The structural phase characterization was carried out using X-ray powder diffraction technique. It was found that the solid solution containing 20–40 mole% of Y₂O₃ had face-centred cubic structure. All samples of the solid solution series, (Bi₂O₃)_1−x (Gd₂O₃)_x, had rhombohedral single phase in the concentration range 0.10 ≤x ≤ 0.40. Lattice parameters offcc phase of Y₂O₃ doped samples were calculated from the X-ray diffraction data. The lattice constant ‘a’ gradually decreases with increasing content of dopant concentration (x) for the Y₂O₃ doped system and obeys Vegard’s rule. The unit cell parameters for the (Bi₂O₃)_1−x (Gd₂O₃)_x doped samples showing rhombohedral phase were obtained on hexagonal setting.