星算网络——空天地一体化算力融合网络新发展

面对不断增长的算力和网络需求,6G空天地一体化网络通过网络集群优势突破单点算力和传统网络传输的极限,形成以算为中心,以网为根基,云、边、端、网、数、算深度融合的新型空天地一体化算力融合网络。首先介绍了算力网络和空天地一体化网络的发展现状,并结合6G空天地一体化算力融合网络的需求提出了星算网络的概念。其次,对星算网络的分层系统架构中的空基网络、天基网络和地面网络进行描述,并提出由算网资源层、算网抽象层和算网编排层组成的逻辑架构。之后,针对未来星算网络面临的算存问题、可信传输问题、天基算力编址寻址和高移动性算力路由问题提出对应关键使能技术。最后,对星算网络的典型应用场景进行了讨论和展望。     

天地一体化网络应用及组网方案研究

目前天地一体化网络已经成为业界研究的重点,文章在分析天地一体化网络业务需求和技术发展的基础上,结合业务需求、技术发展、应用场景,探讨由空基网络、天基网络、地基网络、海基网络构成的天地一体化组网架构,并针对空中通信、海洋通信、边远地区通信等典型应用场景,提出天地一体化组网方案及建议。     

通信、网络、计算融合的天地一体化信息网络体系架构研究

随着人类活动范围从大陆向海洋、太空的不断扩展,世界各国纷纷开始布局全球无缝覆盖、连接无处不在的天地一体化信息网络建设。天地一体化信息网络是天基网络与地面网络的深度融合,不是简单的地面向空间的拓展与叠加。从融合的角度出发,首先梳理了地面互联网、移动通信网、天基信息网络发展现状以及存在的问题与挑战;然后总结分析了天地一体化信息网络体系架构研究现状以及新型网络架构向云化、智能化发展的趋势;最后提出了通信、网络、计算融合的天地一体化信息网络的体系架构,并从物理架构、功能架构、物理与功能架构映射等多个维度进行了阐述,提出了一体化信息通信系统、一体化网络系统、一体化信息系统的3层功能架构模型,以期为后续天地一体化信息网络的研究、建设和标准化提供有价值的建议和参考。     

突发公共事件天地一体化应急通信技术综述

在突发公共事件发生后,往往由于通信中断造成信息沟通不畅,从而大大降低了应急救援人员对突发公共事件的救援效率。为了保证救援现场人员便捷、可靠的通信,对现有应急通信技术进行分析总结并给出了面向公共突发事件的天地一体化应急指挥通信网络架构。在天基通信网络保障体系方面介绍了天基通信网络技术的发展及现状,给出了基于车载通信的融合方案,还介绍了天基基站技术。在地面应急通信保障体系方面介绍了地面卫星通信设备、无线自组织网络、超级基站、便携式基站、短波电台系统及集群通信网络等技术。天地一体化的应急通信保障体系能够快速地分享现场信息,为后方及现场指挥提供通信保障。     

天基传输网络和天地一体化信息网络发展现状与问题思考

近年来,太空(或称为天基)和网络空间成为全球新一轮竞争热点。随着我国天地一体化信息网络工程被列为重大专项,行业内对以天基为重点的天地一体化信息网络的关注度达到新高。天基传输网络因其天然的天地一体化特征、信息的承载平台等特征,成为天地一体化信息网络的重要抓手。给出了立足天基传输网络,发展天地一体化信息网络的相关问题和下一步研究重点及建议思路,可为后续研究工作开展提供参考。     

对建设我国“天地一体化信息网络”的思考

得益于低成本火箭发射技术、微小卫星平台技术和载荷技术的迅猛发展,实现全球信息,特别是天基信息共享的天地一体化信息网络正在全世界范围内引发广泛关注.考虑到我国各类天基信息系统发展中面临的一些特殊制约条件,自主建设以天基网为核心的天地一体化信息网络迫在眉睫.它将为我国智慧城市、应急救灾、航空航天、国家安全等多个领域的发展提供必要的保障.本文在梳理了国内外相关发展现状的基础上,就我国天地一体化信息网络的基本概念提出了三点基本认识,分析了这一网络可采取的基本架构和面临的主要技术难点,并对我国天地一体化信息网络的初步建设工作提出了几点粗浅的建议.     

天地一体化信息网络安全动态赋能研究

天地一体化信息网络由天基骨干网、天基接入网和地基节点网组成,并与地面互联网和移动通信网互联互通,是实现全球互联互通的信息基础设施,具有通信体制多样、星载资源受限以及威胁类型多样等特征。现有静态化网络安全防护技术的效能低,难以应对天地一体化信息网络面临的安全挑战,亟需可扩展的安全动态赋能保障模式。针对该需求,提出了融合安全服务能力编排、安全威胁处置指挥以及安全态势分析于一体的安全动态赋能架构。分析了在动态编排架构、精准采集与按需汇聚、安全态势融合分析、威胁处置与反馈研判等方面需要突破的关键技术,以此有效确保安全功能按需扩展,支撑天地一体化信息网络安全。     

天地一体化网络协议研究

协议作为网络高效运行的关键,需要与具体网络环境、应用服务相适应。卫星通信网络与地面网络运行环境存在较大差异,天地一体化网络协议在设计时需要充分考虑到天基网络与地面网络的差异性,借鉴国内外空间信息网络协议体系的最新研究成果,结合我国天基网络特点,提出了适用于我国天地一体化网络的增强空间融合协议体系,在该协议体系下异构卫星网络的用户可直接通过天地一体化网络实现业务互通。     

天地一体化信息网络发展与展望

针对天地一体化信息网络的演进,综述了卫星通信网络、地面互联网及地面移动通信网络的发展历程,介绍了TSAT,ISICOM,Sat5G,3GPP NTN等系统或标准组织对天地融合组网的探索,总结了当前发展趋势和面临的挑战。在此基础上,提出了未来天地一体化信息网络的组成结构,梳理了多波束天线、星上数字信道化转发、激光/太赫兹高速传输、星上路由、全电推进、天基信息港、频率共用以及干扰规避等关键技术,并对未来发展进行了展望。     

基于Pub/Sub模型的天地一体化网络移动性管理方法

天地一体化网络中,星基网络具有时变性,从而导致天地一体化网络难以采用传统地基网络体系完成终端管理。针对这一问题,提出低轨卫星或天基终端发生移动时主动更新位置信息,由低轨卫星充当天基终端的移动接入网关(MAG),由高轨卫星组成的网络充当天基网络的移动性管理代理(MMA),移动终端和低轨卫星的移动性控制信息由基于Pub/Sub的模型来管理,以维护MAG之间和MAG与地面网关(GW)之间的隧道,从而减少星间移动性管理消息交互和移动过程对传统PMIP网络的LMA和HA的依赖,提升了移动性管理的效率和可靠性。仿真结果表明,与传统MIP相比,基于Pub/Sub模型的天地一体化网络移动性管理方法以少量信令开销为代价,取得了传输时延方面的明显优势。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.