低压等离子和超音速火焰喷涂NiCoCrAlYTa层的结构和性能

NiCoCrAlYTa高温氧化防护涂层是发动机高温叶片的重要防护层,已得到广泛应用。分别采用空气助燃的超音速火焰喷涂(HVAF)、氧气助燃的超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)、低压等离子喷涂(LPPS)和低温超音速火焰喷涂(LT-HVOF)制备了NiCoCrAlYTa涂层,并研究了4种工艺制备的涂层的结构与性能。结果表明:4种工艺制备的NiCoCrAlYTa涂层主要由γ’-Ni3Al,β-NiAl和固溶体γ-Ni相组成,含少量单质Cr,而β-NiAl相的含量比喷涂粉末中低;除LT-HVOF涂层外,其他3种涂层中均有未熔或部分熔融颗粒存在;HVOF涂层中存在大量氧化物区;HVAF涂层沉积率较低;LT-HVOF涂层致密度高,没有明显的氧化物区;LPPS涂层中也没有氧化物区,但致密度比其他涂层低;LPPS涂层含氧量低,但致密度和结合强度均低于HVAF和HVOF涂层;LT-HVOF涂层含氧量与LPPS涂层相当,但致密度和结合强度优于LPPS涂层。     

低压等离子喷涂氧化铝涂层的特性

以细小的氧化铝为热喷涂粉末,采用低压等离子喷涂制备了沉积率高于50%,孔隙率低于2%的氧化铝涂层.研究了不同工艺下低压等离子喷涂氧化铝涂层的沉积率、相组成和显微结构,并对低压等离子功率和真空室压力工艺参数对涂层的影响进行了分析.研究结果表明,所制备的涂层以α-Al₂O₃和γ-Al₂O₃相并存;随着功率和压力提高,涂层的孔隙率有明显的降低,但压力达到23.7kPa时功率影响较小.此外,还对等离子焰流中的粒子温度和速度进行了计算.结果表明,在23.7kPa压力下保证粒子充分熔融的前提下使粒子具有较高的运动速度.     

超音速等离子喷涂PZT涂层的结构与性能研究

锆钛酸铅(PZT)是一种应用广泛具有优良压电性能的功能材料,采用超音速等离子喷涂的方法在45#钢基体表面制备了PZT陶瓷涂层,采用X射线衍射(XRD)对烧结粉末和PZT涂层相组成进行了检测,利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对粉末和喷涂层形貌进行了观察,利用TEM透射电子显微镜对涂层的微观结构进行了分析,并对涂层的显微硬度以及介电性能进行了测试。结果表明,超音速等离子喷涂制备的PZT涂层表面平整,结构致密,孔隙率为1.6%,平均显微硬度为562.3 Hv,居里温度为370℃。     

Ti-Ni低温超音速火焰喷涂层及激光处理后的特征

低压等离子喷涂制备的Ti-Ni涂层性能优异,但成本高、效率低.以镍包钛为粉末,采用低温超音速火焰喷涂技术制备了Ti-Ni涂层,并在惰性气氛保护下对涂层进行激光后处理,从而获得了致密的Ti-Ni涂层.对粉末、喷涂态涂层和激光处理态涂层的结构和相组成进行了表征.结果表明:喷涂态Ti-Ni涂层次表面结构较为疏松,但内部结构致密;涂层以Ni作为Ti的黏结相,Ti没有发生熔融和铺展开,两者没有发生合金化;经激光处理后,涂层表面和内部的致密度明显提高,涂层中以TiNi和Ti2Ni合金相为主,但还含有少量的Ni相存在.     

HEPJet等离子喷涂Al2O3性能试验研究

研究了新开发的高效能超音速等离子喷涂系统(HEPJet-High Efficiency Plasma Jet)的射流特性,及所制备的Al2O3陶瓷涂层的结合强度、显微硬度和孔隙率等性能以及显微结构,并与一种普通等离子喷涂系统进行了对比试验研究.结果表明,HEPJet系统制备Al2O3涂层的性能及显微结构明显优于普通等离子喷涂的Al2O3涂层.     

热喷涂及电子束物理气相沉积技术在热障涂层制备中的应用

对常用热障涂层制备技术,包括火焰喷涂、爆炸喷涂、大气等离子喷涂、高能等离子喷涂、超音速等离子喷涂、低压等离子喷涂、溶液注入等离子喷涂及电子束物理气相沉积技术进行了综述.介绍了上述几种制备技术的原理、工艺特点、存在不足及解决措施.认为发展爆炸喷涂工艺、溶液注入等离子喷涂工艺与EB-PVD工艺及其在新型热障涂层制备中的应用将是热障涂层制备技术研究的重点.     

超音速火焰喷涂WC-CoCr和WC-Ni涂层在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪等,分析了超音速火焰喷涂WC-CoCr和WC-Ni金属陶瓷涂层的物相组成和显微结构。通过电化学工作站测试了涂层在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中的动电位极化曲线和奈奎斯特阻抗谱,并与镀铬层进行了对比。结果表明:该涂层由WC硬质相和金属黏结相组成,组织均匀致密无分层,孔隙率低于1.5%;在NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能从高到低依次为WC-CoCr涂层、WC-Ni涂层、镀铬层;超音速喷涂涂层组织致密,Cl-难以穿透涂层,因此其耐腐蚀性能较高;添加少量的铬可以促使CoCr合金黏结相表面形成钝态膜,因而WC-CoCr涂层的耐腐蚀性能优于WC-Ni涂层的。     

低压等离子喷涂厚钨涂层的组织与性能

为获得高致密度、高热导率及低氧含量的钨喷涂层,采用低压等离子喷涂(LPPS)技术,以4种不同工艺参数在铬锆铜基体上制备了0.9～1.2 mm钨喷涂层。用扫描电镜、氧氮分析仪及闪光导热仪研究了4种钨喷涂层的显微结构、氧含量及热导率,揭示了优化工艺制备的钨喷涂层的孔径分布,分析了喷涂功率和真空室压力对涂层的影响。结果表明,4种钨喷涂层均呈层状结构,优化工艺制备的钨喷涂层的致密度为98.4%,氧含量为0.2%(质量分数),热导率为110.76 W/(m.K),孔隙的主要孔径分布范围为0.2～4.0μm,以1.0μm左右的孔隙为主。     

超音速火焰喷涂Fe基非晶合金涂层的性能研究

利用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)技术,在0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢基体上制备了Fe基非晶合金涂层,结果表明,采用超音速火焰喷涂工艺成功制备了一种高非晶含量的Fe基非晶合金涂层.涂层各个区域的组织均匀,孔隙率小,呈典型的层状分布;其孔隙率约为2.2%,具有很高的硬度,平均显微硬度为1065.0HV50.并且所获得的非晶合金涂层具有较高的热稳定性,在596.0℃以下使用,不会发生晶化过程.     

树脂基复合材料表面爆炸喷涂铝涂层性能研究

采用爆炸喷涂工艺在树脂基复合材料表面制备0.45mm厚的Al涂层,利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、力学试验机等对涂层显微组织、相组成和结合强度进行分析;依据GJB 2604-1996和GJB 6190-2008分别测试涂层表面导电性能和电磁屏蔽性能。结果表明:爆炸喷涂技术制备铝涂层结合强度达到8.63MPa,孔隙率约为1.26%,优于传统火焰喷涂和等离子喷涂;爆炸喷涂铝涂层表面电阻率达到0.181mΩ/,1~40GHz全频段电磁屏蔽效能达到60dB,是一种电磁屏蔽材料的理想选择。     

氧气流量对超音速火焰喷涂多尺度WC-17Co涂层组织结构与性能的影响

工艺参数对超音速火焰喷涂WC-Co涂层的组织结构、硬度、耐磨性影响较大,但相关研究较少。采用超音速火焰喷涂技术(HVOF)在4种氧气流量(322,402,482,543 L/min)下将多尺度WC-17Co粉末(含30%纳米WC和70%微米WC)喷涂在Q235钢基体表面制备WC-17Co涂层。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析涂层的截面形貌和物相,测试了涂层的硬度值,通过销盘磨损试验机测试涂层的耐磨损性能,研究氧气流量对多尺度WC-17Co涂层组织结构与耐磨性能的影响。结果发现:4种氧气流量下所制备的涂层组织致密,孔隙率为0.306%~1.290%;随着氧气流量降低,涂层中WC分解更严重,当氧气流量为322 L/min时,涂层中分解相(W_2C、W和Co_3W_3C)最多;涂层的硬度随着氧气流量增加而增加,当氧气流量为543 L/min时,涂层的硬度[(933.8±29.3)HV_(3N)]是Q235钢[(183±7)HV_(3N)]的5倍;随着氧气流量增加,涂层磨损失重逐渐减小,当氧气流量为543 L/min时,涂层的磨损失重仅为(8.57±0.95)mg,耐磨损性能较基材明显提高。     

In-situ formation of layer-like Ag2MoO4 induced by high-temperature oxidation and its effect on the self-lubricating properties of NiCoCrAlYTa/Ag/Mo coatings

Ag-Mo-O ternary oxide has attracted growing attention because of its potential as a solid lubricant at high temperatures.This work designs and prepares NiCoCrAlYTa/Ag/Mo composite coating,performed using high velocity oxy-fuel(HVOF)spraying technology.The environment temperature plays an important role in the microstructure and phases as well as lubricant properties of NiCoCrAlYTa/Ag/Mo coatings.When the environment temperature is above 600C,the outer diffusion and oxidation of Ag and Mo lead to the formation of Ag2MoO4 on the coating surface.Layer-like Ag2MoO4 could form a continuous lubricant film at 800℃and consequently let the composite coating present the best tribological properties.Meanwhile,a small number of hard particles could play a good bearing role during friction and improve the tribological properties of the composite coating.     

Microstructure of Nanostructured WC-Co Coating Prepared by Thermal Spraying

Nanostructured WC-Co coatings were produced with Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS) and Low Pressure Plasma Spraying (LPPS). Microstructure characteristics and phase compositions of the coatings were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. The microstructure compositions were analyzed with EDS. During APS deposition the existence of oxygen causes the decarburization of the coating, and the coating was composed of melted area and the WC/12Co powder. Besides WC phase, there was W2C phase. However in the coating deposited by LPPS the content of oxygen was so low that there were a limit degradation of the WC/12Co powder. The coatings were made up of compact block and loosen porosity area. There were large quantities of nanostructure WC grains and a small quantity of microstructure WC grains presented in the coating. Besides WC phase, a little W2C and WC1-x or Co6W6C phases occured. Consideration of the characteristics of the highly porous, spherical-shell morphology of nano-WC/12Co power, heterogeneous melting and localized superheating of the power were two main factors which caused the microstructure and phase composition of nano-WC-Co coatings.     

Influence of in-flight particle characteristics and substrate temperature on the formation mechanisms of hypereutectic Al-Si-Cu coatings prepared by supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying

Hypereutectic Al-Si-Cu coatings were prepared by supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying to enhance the surface performance of lightweight alloys.To find out optimum process conditions and achieve desirable coatings,this work focuses on the influence of three important parameters (in-flight par-ticle temperature,impact velocity,and substrate temperature) on the collected splats morphology,coatings microstructure and microhardness.Results show that appropriate combinations of temper-ature and velocity of in-flight particles cannot only completely melt hypereutectic Al-Si-Cu particles,especially the primary Si phase,but also provide the particles with sufficient kinetic energy.Thus,the optimized coating consists of 98.6 ％ of fully-melted region with nanosized coupled eutectic and 0.9 ％of porosity.Increasing the substrate deposition temperature promotes the transition from inhomoge-neous banded microstructure to homogeneous equiaxed microstructure with a lower porosity level.The observations are further interpreted by a newly developed phase-change heat transfer model on quan-titatively revealing the solidification and remelting behaviors of several splats deposited on substrate.Besides,phase evolutions including the formation of supersaturated α-Al matrix solid solution,growth of Si and Al2Cu phases at different process conditions are elaborated.An ideal microstructure (low frac-tions of unmelted/partially-melted regions and defects) together with solid solution,grain refinement,and second phase strengthening effects contributes to the enhanced microhardness of coating.This inte-grated study not only provides a framework for optimizing Al-Si based coatings via thermal spraying but also gives valuable insights into the formation mechanisms of this class of coating materials.     

45钢表面超音速电弧喷涂Ti-Al涂层的组织与性能研究

采用自行开发研制的超音速电弧喷设备，在45钢表面制成了钛铝合金复合涂层。并利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、电子探针，对涂层的成分、相结构、显微组织及其结合强度、显微硬度进行了研究。结果表明，利用超音速电弧喷涂设备，可以在45钢表面形成 度高、孔隙率低，结合强度较好和硬度高的Ti-Al合金涂层。     

高硬度耐磨损电弧喷涂涂层研究

采用电弧喷涂方法制备的高硬度耐磨损JCW-B涂层可广泛应用于工业零部件耐磨表面.对涂层的组织、孔隙率、硬度、结合强度及耐磨粒磨损性能进行分析,对比研究该涂层与Ni60喷熔层的耐冲蚀性能.结果表明JCW-B涂层组织致密,孔隙率低于4%,显微硬度HV0.1高于1200,平均结合强度大于50MPa.研究了涂层的耐磨损机理,XRD结果显示涂层中主要含有Fe3B硬质相,对涂层起到弥散强化的作用.     

低压等离子喷涂316L等轴晶涂层及其性能研究

为研究低压等离子喷涂等轴晶涂层组织性能和形成机理,采用大气等离子喷涂（APS）和低压等离子喷涂（LPPS）,分别制备了316L不锈钢涂层.利用金相显微镜,X射线衍射和显微硬度等方法,分析了2种涂层的金相组织、相结构、显微硬度和耐蚀性.结果表明：一定条件下制备的低压等离子喷涂SUS316L不锈钢涂层明显不同于传统大气等离...     

Comparison of the coatings deposited using Ti and B4C powder by reactive plasma spraying in air and low pressure

The coatings were deposited by reactive plasma spraying (RPS) in air and low-pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) based on the reaction between Ti and B₄C powder, respectively. The thermal spray powder of Ti and B₄C added with powder Cr (metallic binder) in air is compared with that without powder Cr addition in the low pressure. (Prior to deposition, the powder was screened and separated for RPS whereas spray drying, sintering and sieving were done for LPPS.) The phase composition and the microstructure of coatings were studied by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The anti-corrosion property of coatings was also investigated. It is found that the coating prepared by RPS, which is more densification, is composed of TiN, TiB₂, and a small phase fraction of titanium oxides. The composition of the coating deposited by reactive LPPS is TiB₂, Ti(C, N), Ti₄N_3−x and impurity phase of Ti₅Si₃. There is no appearance of titanium oxides in low pressure. The coatings have the typical lamellar structure and adhere to the bond coating well. The mean Vickers microhardness value of the coating deposited by RPS is higher than that of the coating deposited by LPPS. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance of the coating deposited by RPS is superior to that of the coating prepared by LPPS in near neutral 3.5 wt% NaCl electrolyte.