聚乳酸/聚乙烯醇共混膜的制备

基于流延法和溶剂蒸发技术,以聚乳酸(PLA)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料,制备可降解PLA/PVA共混膜。通过考察不同的共溶剂对共混膜成膜性能的影响,确定二甲基亚砜(DM SO)是制备PLA/PVA共混膜优良的共溶剂。研究PLA与PVA配比对PLA/PVA共混膜性能的影响,探索PLA与PVA分子链在共混膜中的结合状况。结果表明,当PLA的含量低于20%时,可以得到均质的PLA/PVA共混膜,且PLA与PVA分子链间以氢键结合。此外,在共混过程中,PLA与PVA的结晶均受到一定的破坏,结晶度比纯PLA与PVA下降。     

茯苓–聚乙烯醇抑菌膜的制备及生物可降解动力学评价

目的 以可降解材料聚乙烯醇为基材,通过添加茯苓溶液,制备出复合抑菌薄膜,研究不同浓度茯苓对共混膜理化性能和功能性能的影响。方法 采用溶剂浇铸法制备茯苓/PVA共混膜。对共混膜的物理力学性能,以及溶解度、透光率、抑菌性、可降解性进行检测。利用红外光谱、扫描电镜对其结构进行分析表征。结果 茯苓的添加削弱了PVA分子间作用力,显著提高了断裂伸长率,由202.77%增加到398.82%,降低了拉伸强度,并且茯苓与PVA之间形成氢键,减少了水分对薄膜的溶解,薄膜溶解度由100%降到38.21%。随着茯苓质量分数的增加,薄膜的透光率下降,抑菌性得到增强。土壤降解实验表明茯苓/PVA共混膜具有良好的生物降解性。结论 制备的茯苓/PVA共混膜的力学性能和耐水性均得到提高,并且复合膜具有一定的抑菌性和可降解性。文中制备的复合膜为食品包装提供了理想选择。     

丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物渗透汽化分离性能研究

将丙烯酸 (AA) -丙烯酰胺 (AM)共聚物与聚乙烯醇 (PVA)共混制得优先透水的渗透汽化膜用于分离 4 0 %～ 95%的乙醇水溶液 ,研究了膜的热处理温度、分离温度、共聚单体摩尔比、制膜液 p H值等因素对膜分离性能的影响。当用 AA∶ AM=1∶ 1(mol)的共聚物与 PVA等质量共混 ,制膜液 p H=7,制得的膜经 16 0℃热处理后用于分离 95%的乙醇水溶液 ,其分离系数和透过速率分别为 PVA膜的 1.3倍和 8倍     

离子液体法微晶纤维素/聚乙烯醇共混膜的制备及性能EI北大核心CSCD

以离子液体为微晶纤维素(MCC)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)的共溶剂,采用液-固相转变法制备MCC/PVA共混膜。共混膜经红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)、接触角测试和拉力试验等表征。FT-IR和SEM分析结果表明,两组分间有很好的相容性,用甲醇做沉淀剂可以制备出孔径均一的纳米共混膜。TGA和力学性能测试结果表明,共混膜具有良好的综合热稳定性、拉伸强度及尺寸稳定性。     

离子液体法微晶纤维素/聚乙烯醇共混膜的制备及性能

以离子液体为微晶纤维素(MCC)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)的共溶剂,采用液-固相转变法制备MCC/PVA共混膜。共混膜经红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)、接触角测试和拉力试验等表征。FT-IR和SEM分析结果表明,两组分间有很好的相容性,用甲醇做沉淀剂可以制备出孔径均一的纳米共混膜。TGA和力学性能测试结果表明,共混膜具有良好的综合热稳定性、拉伸强度及尺寸稳定性。     

聚乙烯醇/原花青素共混物薄膜的制备及其性能研究

采用天然植物中提取的原花青素(OPC)作为自由基捕获剂,通过溶液浇铸法将OPC与聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混制膜。利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热重分析仪(TGA)、全反射傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、双束紫外可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)、小角X射线散射仪(SAXS)等仪器研究共混物薄膜的热力学稳定性、紫外屏蔽性能、透光率以及结晶性能等。结果表明,1.0%～2.0%原花青素的加入可有效提高PVA的热稳定性,拓宽熔融加工窗口,且PVA/OPC薄膜能保持优异的力学性能、透光率以及紫外屏蔽性能。小角X射线散射的结果进一步证明OPC的加入抑制PVA的结晶。     

生物可降解PLA/PHBV共混包装薄膜的热行为和力学性能研究

采用溶液铸涂法,以3-羟基丁酸酯-3-羟基戊酸酯共聚物(PHBV)对生物可降解聚乳酸(PLA)进行增韧改性,制备出不同配比的PLA/PHBV生物可降解共混包装薄膜,研究了PHBV的添加对共混包装薄膜的热行为和力学性能的影响规律。通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)测试发现,随着PHBV含量的增加,共混包装薄膜的玻璃化温度(Tg)、结晶温度(Tc)和熔点(Tm)都呈现下降趋势;热重分析法(TG)测试表明,PHBV的加入使共混包装薄膜的热稳定性变差;通过力学性能测试发现,当PHBV加入后,共混包装薄膜的拉伸强度和拉伸模量降低,而断裂伸长率明显增加,薄膜的韧性得到了改善。     

纳米Fe3O4/聚乙烯醇磁性水凝胶的制备及性能

利用化学方法制得了纳米Fe3 O4粒子,然后将其与聚乙烯醇(PVA)的胶态溶液共混,通过冻融法制备了纳米Fe3O4/PVA磁性水凝胶.采用综合热分析仪、拉伸试验机及ppms-9综合物性检测系统对磁性水凝胶进行了表征和测试.结果表明,纳米Fe3O4粒子的加入会降低磁性水凝胶的热稳定性;磁性水凝胶的力学性能和磁学性能随纳米Fe3O4含量及冻融次数的改变而显著变化.     

牵伸倍率对PEDOT PSS/PVA复合导电纤维结构与性能的影响

将合成的导电聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩)-聚对苯乙烯磺酸(PEDOT-PSS)与聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混, 通过湿法纺丝, 得到了电导率较高、力学性能良好、可进行机织的PEDOT-PSS/PVA复合导电纤维, 研究了牵伸倍率对纤维导电性能、结构、热性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明: 随着牵伸倍率的增加, PEDOT-PSS/PVA复合导电纤维表面的微纤数量增加, 结晶性能、热稳定性及力学性能均有所提高; 当PEDOT-PSS/PVA复合导电纤维的牵伸倍率为4.0时, 其断裂强度、伸长率和初始模量分别为6.74 cN/dtex、5.95%和42.43 cN/dtex, 电导率可达到34.5 S/cm, 具有良好的应用性能。     

聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖共混膜的制备及表征

用溶液共混法制备聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖(PVA/CS)共混膜,对共混膜进行了IR、DSC表征和吸水率、透光率、力学性能等进行测定.结果表明: PVA与CS分子链间在共混膜中有一定的相互作用,相容性好;CS的引入有利于改善PVA的吸水性、透光率和综合力学性能,但热稳定性有所降低.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...