3T各向同性并联机构的弹性动力学建模与特性分析

为了提升并联机构的运动精度,研究并总结了3T各向同性并联机构在运动过程中由支链产生的柔性变形对其运动轨迹的影响。首先,根据该并联机构的结构分析了其运动学特性。其次,利用空间梁单元的弹性动力学模型、拉格朗日方程、有限元理论以及各条支链的运动学和动力学的约束,对3条支链都在柔性变形情况下建立其弹性动力学方程,并基于Newmark方法进行求解。最后,联立ANSYS与ADAMS软件对该并联机构进行弹性动力学仿真。通过理论计算值与机构模型仿真值的对比,发现3条支链在柔性变形条件下对3T并联机构的运动特性产生了重要的影响,进一步证明了该并联机构弹性动力学模型的可靠性,为其以后的研究与应用提供了重要的理论基础。     

3-CPaRR解耦并联机构弹性动力学建模与分析

为研究支链柔性化对并联机构输出运动特性的影响,本文以3-CPaRR并联机构为对象,研究了支链柔性化对并联机构输出运动特性的影响。根据该并联机构的空间位置关系,研究了其运动学规律,证明了该机构的完全解耦特性;基于空间梁单元模型、有限元理论和Lagrange方程,充分考虑各支链的运动协调关系和动力学约束,分别建立了单支链柔性化条件下和三支链均柔性化条件下的3-CPaRR并联机构弹性动力学模型;为验证理论建模的正确性,基于Adams与Ansys软件对该并联机构展开了弹性动力学的联合仿真。最后,将数值计算结果与虚拟样机仿真结果进行了分析比较,结果表明,各支链在柔性化条件下产生的弹性变形对并联机构的输出运动特性产生了重要影响,同时也验证了该并联机构弹性动力学模型的正确性。     

空间刚柔耦合并联机器人动力学建模及仿真

为研究柔性构件对系统运动特性的影响,对空间3-RRRU并联机器人进行了动力学建模及耦合特性的仿真分析。应用矢量闭环法对空间并联机构的逆运动学进行求解,推导出各个构件位置、速度、加速度的变化规律;根据第一类Lagrange方程建立空间全刚性并联机器人的逆动力学模型;运用MATLAB软件对空间并联机构进行仿真,并对动力学数值结果和仿真结果进行对比,以验证模型的正确性。基于ANSYS软件和ADAMS软件,对空间并联机构中的空间梁单元进行柔性替换,通过建立空间刚柔耦合并联机器人模型,分析机构在运动状态下展现出的耦合特性,并与空间全刚性并联机器人进行比较。结果表明:两类模型的末端执行器的运动趋势一致,轨迹误差在0.000 7～0.419 4 mm范围内;梁单元产生的弹性变形对系统运动性能产生了重要影响,因此,建立正确的刚柔耦合动力学模型具有重要的指导意义。     

平面2-DOF冗余驱动并联机构弹性动力学分析

建立了平面2-DOF冗余驱动并联机构弹性动力学模型。首先,将机构系统的6个连杆视为6个柔性杆件单元,考虑柔性杆件纵向位移、横向位移和扭转变形,基于有限元法和拉格朗日方程建立了机构6个柔性杆件单元的弹性动力学模型;其次,根据转动副的约束特点及各分支与输出轴的约束关系,得到系统的弹性动力学模型。然后,将理论计算与脉冲激振法试验得到的机构在不同位置时的固有频率进行对比,验证了系统弹性动力学模型的正确性。最后,基于系统的弹性动力学模型,得到了机构1阶固有频率随机构杆件截面尺寸参数变化的规律,在此基础上,给定末端运动轨迹,分析了机构在不同杆件截面尺寸及加载情况下的动态响应,为机构杆件结构参数优化设计奠定基础。     

5-UPS/PRPU冗余驱动并联机床弹性动力学分析

结合有限元法和子结构法建立了5-UPS/PRPU冗余驱动并联机床的弹性动力学模型。首先,将系统划分为不同的子结构,根据空间柔性梁理论求出单元动力学方程,根据关节特点将各个梁单元组装成各个驱动分支;根据分支与动平台的运动学/动力学约束,将各个分支进行装配,从而得到系统动力学方程。以5-UPS/PRPU冗余驱动并联机床作为算例,求出其动平台中心的动态响应特性。通过比较5-UPS/PRPU冗余驱动并联机床及5-UPS/PRPU非冗余驱动并联机床动平台的动态响应,可以得到结论：冗余驱动可以明显改善该机床弹性动力学特性,从而减小因弹性变形引起的误差。研究结果为结构设计人员进行结构设计及优化提供可靠的依据。     

基于ADAMS和ANSYS的2UPS-RPU并联机构的弹性动力学建模与仿真

以2UPS-RPU并联机构为研究对象,首先利用有限元理论建立柔性杆件的空间梁单元动力学方程,再结合各支链约束条件,运用弹性动力学理论和Lagrange方程,推导出2UPS-RPU并联机构的弹性动力学方程,结合动力学仿真软件ADAMS和有限元软件ANSYS各自的优点,通过模态中性文件和载荷谱数据的传递,首次建立了2UPS-RPU并联机构的刚柔耦合体模型,并对该模型进行了动力学仿真研究,分别对比刚性体模型和刚柔耦合体模型的仿真结果。结果表明,刚柔耦合体模型的仿真结果更加真实、准确地反映了机构的动态性能,提高了仿真精度,也验证了CAE软件仿真方法的快速简洁性和有效性。     

空间刚柔耦合并联机构系统的频率特性分析

对空间刚柔耦合并联机构系统的固有频率特性进行分析.建立一种空间有限元梁单元新模型,基于有限元法和Lagrange 方程导出有限元梁单元的运动微分方程.通过分析动平台运动参量与运动支链间的运动关系,得到刚柔耦合并联机构系统的运动学约束条件,并由Newton-Euler方程得到系统动平台的动力学模型.根据系统的运动学约束条件和动平台的动力学模型,经过各个单元运动微分方程的有机组装,导出刚柔耦合并联机构系统的整体动力学方程.在此基础上,通过算例3-RRS刚柔耦合并联机构系统的频率特性分析,总结空间刚柔耦合并联机构系统的固有频率与机构基本参量之间的内在规律.结果显示,刚柔耦合并联机构系统的结构尺寸、支链中杆件的截面参量和材料参量等对系统的固有频率都有显著影响.研究对进一步研究刚柔耦合并联机构的动态特性和机构优化设计具有重要的指导意义.     

液压挖掘机回转传动机构-工作装置的系统动态方程

以液压挖掘机回转传动机构一工作装置系统为研究对象,在考虑齿轮啮合时变刚度的情形下,建立回转传动机构的动力学模型;然后根据金属材料的特点,运用有限元法建立变截面梁单元的动力学模型;再在回转传动机构和金属材料变截面梁单元动力学模型的基础上,应用有限单元法建立液压挖掘机回转传动机构一工作装置系统的耦合动力学方程.所建方程较好体现了该系统动态性能与其结构参数和运动参数之间的内在关系,表达了以往方程未能反映的动态性能.最后通过实例进行对系统的动态特性进行仿真分析.     

3-RRR平面柔性并联机构动力学分析

针对柔性并联机构动力学模型时变、刚-柔耦合、非线性的特点,以3-RRR平面柔性并联机构为研究对象,建立了一种基于有限元法、浮点坐标系和KED法的机构弹性动力学方程。首先,运用有限元法的理论,将机构的柔性杆件划分为一系列离散的梁单元模型,建立梁单元的动力学方程。然后,运用KED法,得到机构的约束关系式和装配关系式,从而得到机构在浮点坐标系下的弹性动力学方程。最后,分别对采用简化KED法和这里方法建立的机构动力学模型进行仿真分析,对比机构动平台的弹性位移/转角曲线和最大应力曲线,验证了这里建模方法的有效性。     

含球面副间隙的空间并联机构动力学特性分析

为了掌握含间隙4-UPS-RPU并联机构的动力学特性,建立了含球面副间隙空间并联机构的刚体动力学模型,实现了机构的动力学分析。首先假定并联机构的驱动支链与动平台相连的球面副元素之间存在间隙,基于"接触—分离"二状态模型,建立了球面副间隙的运动学模型;然后基于Lankarani-Nikravesh接触力模型和修正的库伦摩擦力模型,利用拉格朗日方程建立了考虑球面副间隙的4-UPS-RPU并联机构的刚体动力学模型;利用数值仿真方法分析了考虑球面副间隙并联机构的动力学特性。研究结果表明,球面副间隙对机构动平台质心点的加速度和碰撞力有较大影响,而且球面副间隙值越大,对机构动态特性的影响越明显。本研究为预测球面副对机构动力学行为的影响,掌握含间隙并联机构的实际动力学行为以及间隙补偿控制提供了理论依据。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.