褐煤与大豆荚共热解的产物特性分析

利用自制的低温热解装置研究褐煤与大豆荚共热解的产物特性,考察大豆荚掺混比和催化剂Fe₂O₃对热解产物特性的影响。通过FT-IR、GC-MS、SEM-EDX和UV-vis分析共热解产物的性质,并将半焦用于亚甲基蓝吸附实验。研究结果表明：掺混比30%时,共热解焦油的产率达到最大值11.98%,比煤焦油产率增加44.86%,与计算值的正偏差最大（0.8%）,同时,大豆荚的添加有促进焦油生成的协同作用。大豆荚的添加有利于共热解焦油中含氧杂环的断裂,使共热解焦油中直链烷烃增多,芳香族化合物减少,使重质组分转化为轻质组分,从而提高焦油品质;同时,大豆荚的添加使共热解半焦的含氧基团增加,微观形貌变粗糙。而Fe₂O₃的加入使共热解焦油中酚、醇类物质增加;加Fe₂O₃共热解半焦的褶皱更加明显。共热解半焦对亚甲基蓝的吸附率为33.62%,比煤半焦的吸附率提高8.84%,加Fe₂O₃共热解半焦的吸附率为55.57%,比共热解半焦提高65.29%。     

煤与生物质共热解特性初步研究

初步研究了煤与生物质共热解时的协同作用,热解实验研究了大雁煤、木屑和两者混合物三个样品的热解特性,木屑与大雁煤热解特性相比,热解产物产率随温度变化特性形似,但热解的起始温度和热解温度区间有一定差别,两者混合物共热解时出现了协同作用,结果是半焦产率降低,焦油和气产率增加,热解气组成中H2和CH4 降低,CO和CO2增加.     

煤油共炼残渣与榆林煤共热解特性及半焦性质

以煤油共炼残渣与榆林煤为原料,基于热重分析仪和格金干馏仪,开展共炼残渣与煤共热解过程的协同效应及半焦性质研究。实验结果表明：共炼残渣添加比例为0～40%时,煤与共炼残渣之间具有正的协同效应;添加量为20%时,焦油产率高出理论值6.2%,是煤单独热解焦油产率的139.7%,半焦产物为A型且黏结性增加;半焦性质分析结果显示,共炼残渣能够提高半焦在CO₂气化过程中的最大失重速率,有利于气化反应的进行,但会使半焦的燃烧性能变差且在添加量高于20%的情况下更为明显。     

褐煤与生物质混合快速热解半焦特性研究

研究了褐煤、生物质及其不同配比混合物在快速热解条件下,热解产物半焦的产率、工业组成、热值以及表面结构等特性,探讨了其随热解温度和原料组成的变化规律.结果表明,由于受褐煤和生物质各自组成和性质的影响,褐煤与生物质混合快速热解过程,生物质配入比例和热解温度对半焦的产率、工业组成、热值及表面结构的影响较为复杂.总体趋势是,控制适宜的热解温度和适宜的生物质配入量(生物质配入比例50%),可获得高的半焦产率和半焦热值,同时降低半焦中灰分含量.生物质掺混比例为50%,热解温度为600℃时,热解产物半焦产率为52.1%,半焦热值可达23.75 MJ/kg.由于生物质的引入,混合物热解产物半焦的表面结构比褐煤单独热解时半焦的表面结构有所改善,半焦孔隙增加,有利于增加半焦的吸附性和反应性.     

内蒙褐煤微波热解特性研究

研究了内蒙褐煤、热解半焦及煤-半焦混合物在微波场中的升温特性,并对比研究了300℃~750℃温度范围内,内蒙褐煤微波热解和常规热解的特性.研究表明,内蒙褐煤是一种弱微波吸收剂,需添加一定量的半焦作为微波吸收剂才能进行热解反应;在添加10%~30%半焦的范围内,随着半焦添加量的增加,煤-半焦混合物的热解升温速率逐渐增加,焦油和气体产率增加,半焦和热解水产率降低;在添加30%半焦,终温保温20min的条件下,与常规热解相比,微波热解油、半焦和热解水的产率降低,气体产率增加,其中CO和H2产率显著提高.     

石莼与褐煤低温共热解产物的特性

将褐煤添加不等量的石莼进行低温共热解实验,实验表明,随石莼添加量的增加,热解油出现先增加后减少的趋势,与质量加权值相比,出现先促进后抑制的相互作用,当石莼添加30%时热解油产率最高,为12.5%,比纯褐煤时提高了26.01%,与质量加权值的正偏差最大。选取纯褐煤和30%石莼添加量的热解油进行GC-MS检测,共热解油烷烃类含量比纯褐煤增加了34.46%,实现了热解油较大程度的轻质化,两组样的半焦的SEM对比分析,共热解半焦出现了深度龟裂纹,半焦的反应性、吸附性提高,共热解半焦具有更广泛的工业用途。     

甘蔗渣与褐煤共热解半焦的特性

利用自制的干馏装置进行褐煤与甘蔗渣的低温共热解实验,并探究甘蔗渣的添加量对热解产物产率及半焦品质的影响。研究结果表明,在甘蔗渣掺混比为20%时,产物产率的实验值与理论值偏差达到最大,此时焦油产率的实验值比理论值高出9.61%;FTIR检测表明半焦中主要含有-OH、C=C和C=O官能团,且甘蔗渣的添加能促进半焦中苯类化合物转化为其他类低分子化合物;SEM检测表明褐煤与甘蔗渣共热解半焦比煤样单独热解半焦孔隙发达;BET分析表明甘蔗渣与褐煤的相互作用不仅能提高共热解半焦比表面积,而且能改善孔径分布,使共热解半焦孔径有减小的趋势。半焦吸附重金属离子实验表明未经任何处理的煤半焦及甘蔗渣半焦对铅离子去除率分别达到78.42%和87.80%。     

生物质与催化裂化油浆共热解协同作用研究

基于生物质焦油氧含量高、品质差的缺陷,本文提出将生物质与重油共转化利用的方法。以催化裂化油浆（FCC）、稻壳（RH）、木屑（PS）为原料,通过低温固定床热解实验对其共热解产物分布进行了研究。结果表明,在FCC的供氢作用下,共热解有利于焦油中含氧化合物的脱除,随着生物质比例增加,反应过程中脱羧基、脱羰基反应减弱,脱羟基反应增强,产物中CO、CO₂产率较计算值增加幅度减小,水的产率较计算值逐渐增大。焦油中烃类物质增加,其中芳香烃以二元环和四元环增加为主,脂肪烃中以C₁₃~C₂₀增加为主。整体上,共热解过程促进了半焦产率的增加,焦油产率虽无明显改变但品质得到了显著提升。     

生物质与催化裂化油浆共热解协同作用研究

基于生物质焦油氧含量高、品质差的缺陷,本文提出将生物质与重油共转化利用的方法。以催化裂化油浆（FCC）、稻壳（RH）、木屑（PS）为原料,通过低温固定床热解实验对其共热解产物分布进行了研究。结果表明,在FCC的供氢作用下,共热解有利于焦油中含氧化合物的脱除,随着生物质比例增加,反应过程中脱羧基、脱羰基反应减弱,脱羟基反应增强,产物中CO、CO₂产率较计算值增加幅度减小,水的产率较计算值逐渐增大。焦油中烃类物质增加,其中芳香烃以二元环和四元环增加为主,脂肪烃中以C₁₃~C₂₀增加为主。整体上,共热解过程促进了半焦产率的增加,焦油产率虽无明显改变但品质得到了显著提升。     

玉米秸秆与神府煤低温共热解焦油产率特性影响研究

采用共混法将不同配比的玉米秸秆与神府煤混合后进行低温共热解实验,再用Fe2O3催化剂对其进行催化热解,以探索玉米秸秆对神府煤热解焦油的影响及Fe2O3催化剂对玉米秸秆和神府煤共热解的影响.结果表明:在相同反应条件下,玉米秸秆添加量过高,焦油产率下降,半焦产率升高,当玉米秸秆添加量为6％时焦油产率最高,可达12.77％,添加10％Fe2O3催化剂时共热解焦油产率可达14.69％.玉米秸秆与神府煤共热解所产生的焦油中C10以下的物质居多,占总物质的31.99％,高出原煤热解14.78％,其主要成分为苯类物质和苯酚类物质,相对质量分数分别为5.49％和19.48％,且还有醛类物质和羧酸类物质生成;在添加Fe2O3催化剂后,共热解焦油中C10以下的物质占总物质的45.72％,比玉米秸秆与神府煤共热解时高13.77％,苯类物质与苯酚类物质比玉米秸秆与煤共热解产生焦油中的同类物质分别提高了6.03％和7.14％,并产生了茚类物质和少量的二十二醇与烯烃,但其他长链烃类与多环芳烃的相对质量分数均有不同程度的减少.     

Co-pyrolysis of bituminous coal and biomass in a pressured fluidized bed

An experimental study on co-pyrolysis of bituminous coal and biomass was performed in a pressured fluidized bed reactor. The blend ratio of biomass in the mixture was varied between 0 and 100 wt%, and the temperature was over a range of 550–650 °C under 1.0 MPa pressure with different atmospheres. On the basis of the individual pyrolysis behavior of bituminous coal and biomass, the influences of the biomass blending ratio, temperature, pressure and atmosphere on the product distribution were investigated. The results indicated that there existed a synergetic effect in the co-pyrolysis of bituminous coal and biomass in this pressured fluidized bed reactor, especially when the condition of bituminous coal and biomass blend ratio of 70:30(w/w), 600 °C, and 0.3 MPa was applied. The addition of biomass influenced the tar and char yields and gas and tar composition during co-pyrolysis. The tar yields were higher than the calculated values from individual pyrolysis of each fuel, and consequently the char yields were lower.The experimental results showed that the composition of the gaseous products was not in accordance with those of their individual fuel. The improvement of composition in tar also indicated synergistic effect in the co-pyrolysis.     

神木烟煤与桦甸油页岩的共热解特性

采用热重分析仪和固定床反应器研究了神木烟煤和桦甸油页岩的混合共热解特性及协同作用机制. 结果表明,神木煤与桦甸油页岩混合共热解的失重率高于计算值,表明二者在热解和挥发分逸出过程中存在相互作用,促进了挥发分释放,减少了半焦生成. 煤与油页岩的协同作用可增加热解油收率、降低半焦和水收率. 油页岩与煤质量比为1:1时,所得油收率最高,为9.84%,比计算值提高8.8%. 共热解有助于提高轻质油含量和收率,油页岩与煤质量比为1:4时,轻质油含量超过80%,收率约为7.5%,比计算值分别提高了8%和11.2%,表明添加少量油页岩可明显提高热解油品质. 共热解过程中油页岩产生的富氢组分及自由基能抑制煤热解产生的芳香族化合物的聚合反应,促进芳烃向产物油转化,提高热解油的收率和品质.     

Co-pyrolysis of biomass and coal in a free fall reactor

An experimental study on co-pyrolysis of biomass and coal was performed in a free fall reactor under atmospheric pressure with nitrogen as balance gas. The coal sample selected was Dayan lignite, while the biomass used was legume straw. The operation temperature was over a range of 500-700 °C, and the blending ratio of biomass in mixtures was varied between 0 and 100 wt.%. The results indicated that there exist synergetic effects in the co-pyrolysis of biomass and coal. Under the higher blending ratio conditions, the char yields are lower than the theoretical values calculated on pyrolysis of each individual fuel, and consequently the liquid yields are higher. Moreover, the experimental results showed that the compositions of the gaseous products from blended samples are not all in accordance with those of their parent fuels. The CO₂ reactivities of the chars obtained from the co-pyrolysis under the higher blending ratio (around 70 wt.%) conditions are about twice as high as those of coal char alone, even higher than those of biomass alone.     

Catalytic gasification of char from co-pyrolysis of coal and biomass

The catalytic gasification of char from co-pyrolysis of coal and wheat straw was studied. Alkali metal salts, especially potassium salts, are considered as effective catalysts for carbon gasification by steam and CO₂, while too expensive for industry application. The herbaceous type of biomass, which has a high content of potassium, may be used as an inexpensive source of catalyst by co-processing with coal. The reactivity of chars from co-pyrolysis of coal and straw was experimentally examined. The chars were prepared in a spout-entrained reactor with different ratios of coal to straw. The gasification characteristics of chars were measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The co-pyrolysis chars revealed higher gasification reactivity than that of char from coal, especially at high level of carbon conversion. The influence of the alkali in the char and the pyrolysis temperature on the reactivity of co-pyrolysis char was investigated. The experimental results show that the co-pyrolysis char prepared at 750 °C have the highest alkali concentration and reactivity.     

生物质与煤共热解研究现状

综述了近年来国内外煤与生物质共热解的研究现状。当生物质与煤共热解过程中存在协同反应时,能够将生物质中的氢有效地转移到煤热解过程中,改善煤热解过程中产物的性质,提高煤的热解效率。后续对生物质与煤共热解的研究可以考虑适当的方法,如添加合适的催化剂等来促进协同反应的发生。     

半焦基催化剂裂解煤热解产物提高油气品质

利用上段热解下段催化的两段固定床反应器,针对府谷煤研究了半焦和半焦负载Co催化剂对煤热解产物的催化裂解效果。结果表明,半焦和半焦负载钴对热解产物催化裂解后,热解气收率增加,焦油收率降低,但焦油中沸点低于360℃的轻质组分含量提高,轻质焦油收率基本保持不变或略有增加。与煤在600℃直接热解相比,在热解和催化温度均为600℃,采用煤样质量20%的半焦为催化剂时焦油中轻质组分质量含量提高了约25%,轻质组分收率基本不变,热解气体积收率增加了31.2%;在热解温度600℃,催化温度500℃时,采用煤样质量5%的半焦负载钴催化剂,焦油中轻质组分质量收率和含量分别提高了约8.8%和28.8%,热解气体积收率增加了21.5%。煤热解产物的二次催化裂解的总体效果是将焦油中重质组分转化为轻质焦油和热解气。     

Co-pyrolysis of soybean soapstock with iron slag/aluminum scrap,and characterization and analysis of their products

Soybean soapstock(SS) is one of the main solid wastes produced in the refinery of edible oil processing. In this study, the co-pyrolysis of SS with iron slag(IS) and aluminum scrap(AS) was carried out in a tubular furnace. The gas, liquid and solid products were characterized and the char yield decreased with increasing IS/AS ratio. IS and AS can improve the gas yield, and when the ratio of SS/IS was 1:0.25, the total pyrolysis gas and hydrogen contents were significantly increased. The content ...     

裂殖壶藻与煤混合热解特性及动力学分析

采用热重法(TGA)研究裂殖壶藻与煤混合的热解特性及混合热解过程的相互影响. 结果表明,煤和微藻的DTG曲线半峰宽分别为225和68℃,挥发分析出的起始温度分别为225和183℃. 可见煤挥发分析出较慢,温度区间较宽. 混合物中随微藻含量增大,挥发分综合特性释放指数逐渐增大,样品热解活性增强. 微藻与煤混合热解过程相互影响程度与样品比例有关. 当煤/藻质量比为1:1时,最大失重速率的计算值与测量值相差0.83%/min,两者在热解过程中存在一定的抑制作用;当煤/藻质量比为3:1和1:3时,两者相互影响不明显. 利用Coats-Redfern法分析热解过程符合一级反应动力学模型.     

生物质与聚合物、煤共热解研究进展

综述了近几年来生物质与其它物质如煤和聚合物共热解的研究进展。通过对生物质、煤和聚合物的单独热解以及同煤和其它聚合物共热解的大量文献报道结果进行比较发现:生物质与许多聚合物共热解具有协同作用,可以降低液体产物的含氧量,提高热解液相产率等。显示出生物质与某些聚合物共热解比单独热解具有一定的优势;并比较了煤和生物质共热解产生的现象,得到煤和生物质共热解难以产生协同作用。本文作者结合现阶段的研究成果,提出生物质与煤采用两步法热解工艺的思路,使生物质材料的氢有可能转移到热解煤的产物中,以改善煤热解过程中液体的性质,对今后生物质与煤及聚合物共热解的研究方向提出了自己的建议。