光纤CATV用掺铒光纤放大器的简化分析

在不考虑放大自发辐射(ASE)对掺铒光纤放大器(EDn)饱和特性影响的条件下,推出了掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)三能级系统功率传输的解析表达式,简化了理论分析,所得结果也适用于二能级系统.根据该简化分析方法具体计算了前向泵浦时光纤CATV用掺铒光纤放大器(ED队)的信号增益曲线.计算表明,当信号增益约在25db以下,即在光纤CATV用掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)的工作范围内,简化分析所得的计算结果与较精确的数值计算结果一致.     

基于光纤环形镜的增益平坦L波段掺铒光纤放大器优化设计

L波段掺铒光纤放大器（EDFA）的增益介质具有本征增益平坦特性,但平坦增益值低,放大器实用性差,因此对放大器优化设计提高平坦增益有十分重要的意义。使用光纤环形镜（FLM）作为增益平坦滤波器进行L波段掺铒光纤放大器的增益平坦化实验,实现了高增益值的平坦输出。     

掺铒光纤放大器及其在波分复用系统中的应用

介绍了掺铒光纤放大器（EDFA）的原理、组成结构和所用元器件，阐述了EDFA的增益、噪声和增益谱特性，并对EDFA应用于波分复用（WDM）系统中带来的增益谱平坦问题进行了讨论。     

混合(FRA-EDFA)光纤放大器的设计研究

基于拉曼光纤放大器(FRA)与掺饵光纤放大器(EDFA)的原理、模型,分析了由分布式拉曼光纤放大器和掺饵光纤放大器组成的混合光纤放大器,提出了设计因素的考虑和优化.     

基于小信号放大的掺铒光纤放大器的仿真与实验北大核心CSCD

本文研究并设计了一种掺铒光纤放大器,该EDFA能够有效对微弱光信号功率进行放大。首先在OptiSystem环境下进行理论数值仿真优化,根据仿真优化结果对现有光路进行改进。为对比两种掺杂浓度光纤的增益特性,本文进行低掺光纤和高掺光纤仿真与实验,发现高掺光纤优势较大,选用高掺光纤增益系数可达34.2 dB。相较传统EDFA,选择的高掺光纤长度仅为传统光纤长度的十分之一,并且可以保证增益系数在34 dB以上;其次在缩短光纤长度的条件下对-40 dBm的信号产生较大增益,利用改进的插值法计算测量得到的噪声系数更加精确,较传统放大器低0.3 dB左右,实现较低噪声系数和较高增益。基于以上优点,该放大器已应用于信号光的前置放大系统,对小信号光具有良好的放大效果。     

光纤长度优化的高功率铒镱共掺光纤放大器

为了研究不同增益光纤长度下1555nm高功率光纤放大器的输出功率,采用两级混合结构的方法,用掺铒光纤放大器和双包层铒镱共掺光纤放大器分别作为1级预放大器和2级主放大器。掺铒光纤放大器对信号光进行预放大,并提高放大器的信噪比;双包层铒镱共掺光纤放大器为主放大器,其双包层结构可以把更多的多模抽运光耦合进系统。对铒镱共掺光纤的最佳长度做了理论分析和实验验证,在信号光功率为10mW、掺铒光纤放大器的抽运功率为318.58mW、双包层铒镱共掺光纤放大器的抽运功率为11.71W、增益光纤长度为14m时,输出功率取得了2.11W的实验数据。在分析输出信号光谱时发现,L波段附近有放大自发辐射谱出现,这是选择的增益光纤过长导致的。结果表明,在光功率和信号光功率一定时,光纤放大器有一个最佳的光纤长度。这一结果对研究光纤放大器的高功率输出是有帮助的。     

1480nm泵浦的掺铒光纤放大器的大信号特性分析

本文对低泵浦功率下１４８０ｎｍ泵浦的掺饵光纤放大器的特性进行了数值分析，分别给出了正，反向泵浦下大信号（１ｍＷ）输入时掺饵光纤放大器的增益──泵浦功率和噪声指数──泵浦功率曲线，说明了低泵浦功率对掺铒功率对掺期铒光纤放大器特性的影响。     

EDFA光纤放大器原理及应用(2)

第二部分商用EDFA的结构自从英国南安普敦大学D·Payne等科学家发现掺铒光纤可以作为1550nm波长区的光放大器,并实际研制出第一台具有25dB的小信号增益的掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)后,由于各国科学家的努力,今天的EDFA大量商用于各类光纤通信系统,极大的推动了光纤系统应用的发展,可以说EDFA的出现是光纤通     

掺铒光纤放大器的最佳光纤长度和增益特性

本文用三能级系统的速率方程建立了掺铒光纤放大器近似理论模型。在有激发态吸收时，各种泵浦波长下均获得了掺铒光纤的最佳长度。就增益随信号光及泵浦光光强的变化作了分析。通过对增益谱分析发现改变掺铒光纤长度可改变增益带宽，为掺铒光纤放大器在波分复用光纤通信系统中的应用提供了依据。     

掺饵光纤放大器中交叉相位调制效应的研究

本文建立了考虑交叉相位调制效应（XPM）的光放大模型,得到了（XPM）效应对小信号增益系数的影响,分析得到:掺铒光纤放大器（EDFA）中XPM引起的强度起伏和非线性系数、输入的泵浦功率以及放大器长度有关。仿真结果证明:EDFA中XPM效应的影响不能忽略,并且当γ≥0.01/W·m时,级联EDFA中第一个EDFA产生的XPM效应的影响也是不能忽略的。     

Modulation instability in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers

The onset of modulation instability in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) is studied through a stability analysis of the underlying nonlinear Schrodinger equation. The existence of gain in EDFAs lowers the threshold for modulation instability considerably compared with the case of undoped fibers. Modulation instability generates multiple pulses when a single pulse is amplified. It can also create multiple subpulses in mode-locked fiber lasers, a feature observed experimentally. Numerical simulations show that EDFAs can convert a continuous-wave optical signal into a train of high-repetition rate femtosecond pulses     

Modeling of gain in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers

An analytic method is described for fully characterizing the gain of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) that is based on easily measured monochromatic absorption data. The analytic expressions presented, which involve the solution of one transcendental equation, can predict signal gains and pump absorptions in an amplifier containing an arbitrary number of pumps and signals from arbitrary directions. The gain of an amplifier was measured over a range of more than 20 dB in both pump and signal powers. The measured theoretical results agreed to within 0.5 dB. Although the results described apply explicitly to EDFAs pumped in the 1480-nm region, they are also applicable to EDFAs pumped in the 980-nm region. The method is valid whenever the gain saturation by amplified spontaneous-emission noise can be neglected, which is typically the case for amplifiers with less than about 20 dB of gain     

Analysis of gain difference between forward- and backward-pumpederbium-doped fiber amplifiers in the saturation regime

In saturated erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), signal gain and power conversion efficiency are known to be greater in the backward pumping configuration. This study shows that the difference between pumping schemes is primarily an effect of amplified spontaneous emission. It is concluded that the highest conversion efficiency achievable in highly saturated EDFAs is predicted with fair accuracy by ASE noise-free models, but is approached most nearly with backward-pumped EDFAs     

1.58-μm band gain-flattened erbium-doped fiber amplifiers forWDM transmission systems

This paper describes the amplification characteristics of gain-flattened Er³⁺-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) by using 0.98-μm and 1.48-μm band pumping for a 1.58-μm band WDM signal. Silica-based Er³⁺-doped fiber (S-EDF) and fluoride-based Er ³⁺-doped fiber (F-EDF) have gain-flattened wavelength ranges from 1570 to 1600 nm and from 1565 to 1600 nm, respectively, and exhibit uniform gain characteristics with gain excursions of 0.7 and 1.0 dB, and the figure of merit of the gain flatness (gain excursion/average signal gain) of 3 and 4.3%, respectively, for an eight-channel signal in the 1.58-μm band. We show that 1.48-μm band pumping has a better quantum conversion efficiency and gain coefficient, and that 0.98-μm band pumping is effective for improving the noise characteristics. We also show that the EDFAs consisting of two cascaded amplification units pumped in the 0.98-μm and 1.48-μm bands are effective in constructing low-noise and high-gain 1.58-μm band amplifiers     

Transmission line with distributed erbium-doped fiber amplifier

We show the advantages of distributed erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) over lumped EDFAs. Using the distributed EDFA for 50%-100% of the transmission line lessens the signal degradation compared to the conventional transmission line. We also show the feasibility of the gain-flattened d-EDFA transmission line. An experiment shows that the gain peak is shifted and flattened at low pump powers     

Analysis of the performance expected in fluorosphosphateerbium-doped fiber amplifiers with the 800 nm pump band

With the use of a comprehensive spectral and spatial computer model, the authors analyze the performance that can be expected in fluorophosphate (FP) glass erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) with 800 nm band pumping. Due to the smaller excited state absorption, the fluorophosphate host glass shows about a 4 dB advantage in small signal gain (SSG) over alumino-silicate EDFAs with bidirectional pumping, and nearly double the output signal power under similar conditions     

Improvement of gain and noise figure in double-pass L-band EDFA by incorporating a fiber Bragg grating

An obvious improvement on both the gain and noise figure (NF) is demonstrated in the new double-pass L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) with incorporating a fiber Bragg grating (FBG). Compared with the conventional L-band EDFAs, the gain is improved by about 6 dB in the new configuration for a 1580-nm signal with an input power of -30 dBm at 60 mW of 980-nm pump power. It is important that the NF is greatly reduced in the new configuration, as the FBG greatly compresses the backward amplified spontaneous emission. For the economical utility of pump power and erbium-doped fiber length, such a configuration may be a very competitive candidate in the practical applications of L-band EDFAs.     

A study of green wavelength-division multiplexed optical communication systems using cascaded fiber bragg grating

This paper studies the performance analysis of wavelength-division multiplexed optical communication systems (WDM). First, flat-gain erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) are seriously needed to obtain proper and equal amplification of all channels. Such amplifiers can be designed by intrinsically modifying the host material or extrinsically using proper filters. In this research, we benefit from both the intrinsic and extrinsic methods to achieve sharp flat EDFA output gain using cascaded fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). Second, the performance of our technique has been evaluated through calculating the bit error rate (BER) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a WDM system embedded with the reported EDFA flattening system. The parametric simulations of the FWHM of FBGs, SNR, optical power and the transmission distance have shown a noticeable improved performance. Sending data via an optical WDM system will be proven from comprehensive simulations to achieve high quality signal transmission spectrums, increased transmission distances and low power consumption. By extension, the reported design using cascaded FBGs can also be generalized to equalize the gain of any arbitrary profile.     

Analysis of optical gain enhanced erbium-doped fiber amplifiersusing optical filters

Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) with enhanced optical gain obtained by incorporating narrow-bandpass optical filters into the amplifier length are studied. It is shown in theory that it is possible to increase optical gain by more than 10 dB for optical signals around the wavelength of 1.55 μm, compared with conventional EDFAs without filters. It is also shown that the gain improvement at longer wavelengths away from the amplifier gain peak is much higher than that of the EDFA with an optical isolator within the amplifier length. The optimum filter position is found to be around 42% of the total amplifier length from the input end. The effects of filter insertion loss and pump loss are discussed. This amplifier can be used as an optical preamplifier in a receiver for a wide range of wavelengths     

Characterization of an ASE reflector-based gain-clamped erbium-doped fiber amplifier

We develop a simulation tool for an all-optical gain-clamped erbium-doped fiber amplifier (GC-EDFA) based on an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) reflector and thoroughly verify its validity by comparing simulation data with experimental ones. We carry out simulation work as changing conditions like reflection ratio and bandwidth of the ASE reflector, EDF length, and pump power. From this work, we have an exact understanding about the gain clamping principle that a reflected ASE acts like an intensity reservoir against input signal intensity variation. In general, as a reflected ASE power becomes higher, both a dynamic range and a noise figure (NF) increase; on the other hand, a clamped gain value decreases. The ASE reflector-based gain clamping scheme can be used for EDFAs with low NF characteristics at small input signal range in case a reflected ASE power is set at a level much lower than powers required for normal gain clamping function.