苯基改性有机硅防水剂对建筑石膏防水性能的影响

采用接枝共聚法将苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝到甲基硅酸钠防水剂上得到苯基改性有机硅防水剂(St-OWP),考察St-OWP对建筑石膏硬化体绝干抗折强度、吸水率、莫氏硬度的影响.结果表明:掺入St-OWP后,石膏硬化体绝于抗折强度为5.61 MPa,2h吸水率为0.52％,24h吸水率为1.14％,表面莫氏硬度为3.5;SEM图像表明:St-OWP的掺入有利于粗大柱状晶体的形成,对建筑石膏硬化体的防水性及绝干抗折强度有较大提高,晶体间搭接越紧密抗折强度越高.红外光谱图提示St-OWP分子结构中接枝上了苯基、甲基、酯基等基团,这些基团有助于提高建筑石膏硬化体防水性、抗折强度及莫氏硬度.     

Study on Improving Waterproof Property and Surface Hardness节of Structural Gypsum Product

考察了防水剂(实验室自制)、PVA、BPO等外加剂对建筑石膏样品的抗折强度、吸水率及吸水后表面硬度的影响.结果表明:防水剂添加量1.25％,PVA添加量0.8％,BPO添加量0.24％,可制得抗折强度9.54 MPa,24h吸水率5.32％,吸水后表面硬度3.0的试样,并且该试样浸泡72 h后仍可在流动水下冲刷4h,表面硬度基本不变.     

提高建筑石膏防水性能和表面硬度的研究

考察了防水剂(实验室自制)、PVA、BPO等外加剂对建筑石膏样品的抗折强度、吸水率及吸水后表面硬度的影响.结果表明:防水剂添加量1.25％,PVA添加量0.8％,BPO添加量0.24％,可制得抗折强度9.54 MPa,24h吸水率5.32％,吸水后表面硬度3.0的试样,并且该试样浸泡72 h后仍可在流动水下冲刷4h,表面硬度基本不变.     

玻璃纤维和硅酸钠复合对盐石膏性能的影响

盐石膏的水化强度极低,需通过添加外加剂来改善盐石膏的强度,本文通过在盐石膏中单掺玻璃纤维、硅酸钠及两者复合来改善盐石膏的性能.结果 表明,单掺玻璃纤维提高了盐石膏的强度,在纤维掺量为0.20％时,盐石膏的性能较佳;单掺硅酸钠缩短了盐石膏的凝结时间,提高了它的强度,在硅酸钠掺量为3％时,它的抗折强度和抗压强度较高;两者复合可显著改善盐石膏的强度等综合性能.分析表明,玻璃纤维像微钢筋一样穿插于石膏晶体中间,增加了晶体间的搭接;硅酸钠通过在石膏表面形成致密的硅酸钙层,使其硬化体结构变得致密,从而提高了盐石膏的强度.     

复合外加剂改性盐石膏的研究

盐石膏的主要成分为无水硫酸钙,其活性差、凝结硬化慢、强度低,需要添加活性剂来激发盐石膏的活性。通过复合外加剂对盐石膏加以改性,并通过XRD和SEM对其作用机理做了分析。结果表明,单掺脱硫石膏和建筑石膏均能缩短盐石膏的凝结时间,建筑石膏的效果较好,但掺量不宜过高。复掺建筑石膏和缓凝剂时,两者比例要控制得当,适宜的建筑石膏和缓凝剂掺量分别为50%和0.10%~0.12%（质量分数）。分析可知,大掺量建筑石膏会增加盐石膏硬化体中二水相和针棒状晶体的含量;缓凝剂掺量的增加,会降低盐石膏硬化体中二水相的含量,棱形晶体增多,从而降低了盐石膏的强度。     

聚乙烯醇纤维对磷建筑石膏基复合材料性能的影响

为了改善磷建筑石膏强度低、韧性差的不良特性,本文在磷建筑石膏基复合材料中掺入不同直径和掺量的聚乙烯醇纤维,通过试验分析探究聚乙烯醇纤维对磷建筑石膏基复合材料工作性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,聚乙烯醇纤维的掺入能够显著降低浆体的流动度和缩短浆体的凝结时间。同时,聚乙烯醇纤维的掺入可以显著提高复合材料的力学强度,当纤维直径为15μm、体积掺量为1.6%时,复合材料的力学性能最佳,抗折强度、抗压强度、抗弯强度和抗拉强度分别为10.071、13.25、10.73和2.89 MPa。此外,通过SEM对材料结构的微观形貌进行观察,聚乙烯醇纤维能够分散在磷建筑石膏的孔隙和裂缝中,使复合材料的内部结构更加密实,提高了复合材料的力学性能。     

提高建筑石膏防水性能的研究

通过正交试验考察了硅丙乳液、PVA和触变剂对建筑石膏样品吸水率和抗折强度的影响,并对其微观形貌进行了表征.结果表明:硅丙乳液添加量250 mL,PVA添加量0.4%,触变剂添加量0.3%,可制得抗折强度12.42 MPa,24 h吸水率1.91%的高强耐水石膏样品.SEM显示,晶体结构为规整长柱状,晶体间形成了均匀、密实的网状结构,且晶体间孔隙小.     

硅溶胶对水泥基材料微观结构和力学性能的影响

用在水泥基材料试件中插入玻璃板的方法进行黏结强度实验,结合 X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜分析了硅溶胶对水泥基材料微观结构和力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着硅溶胶掺量的增加,水泥硬化浆体强度、水泥硬化浆体与玻璃板界面黏结强度和混凝土强度均随之增加;但当硅溶胶掺量(质量分数)大于1.50%时,各项强度值不再增加.在1.5%硅溶胶掺量和28 d龄期时,掺矿渣的水泥硬化浆体与玻璃板界面黏结强度比不掺硅溶胶时提高了40%;掺矿渣的水泥混凝土抗折强度和抗压强度分别提高了20%和15%.硅溶胶的掺入能有效地降低水泥硬化浆体与玻璃板界面中氢氧化钙晶体的取向程度,可明显减少界面中氢氧化钙晶体的数量并细化其尺寸,减小界面过渡区的厚度.     

添加硫酸铝钾煅烧对脱硫石膏制备建筑石膏性能的影响

为了解决脱硫石膏利用率较低的问题,同时提高其高附加值,选用硫酸铝钾（KAS,质量分数分别为0、0.3%、0.6%、1.0%）与脱硫石膏混合,经常压煅烧制备建筑石膏,重点研究煅烧温度及KAS掺量对建筑石膏性能及形貌的影响。结果表明：适当的煅烧温度可改善建筑石膏的性能,但煅烧温度过高时,会使建筑石膏表面裂纹增多,性能下降;添加适量的KAS,不仅可以提高建筑石膏的结晶度,而且能促进水化后新相二水石膏（DH）沿b轴方向生长,延缓沿c轴方向生长,降低DH晶体的长径比,使石膏硬化体逐渐密实化,强度显著增加。脱硫石膏中添加0.3%的KAS,经170℃煅烧2 h,制备的建筑石膏性能最佳,初凝时间和终凝时间分别为11.5 min和14 min,2 h抗折强度和抗压强度分别为3.40 MPa和9.23 MPa,绝干抗折强度和抗压强度分别为6.70 MPa和21.82 MPa,满足GB/T 9776—2022《建筑石膏》3.0等级要求。相比空白组,2 h抗折强度提升了26%,2h抗压强度提高了40%。     

轻质抹灰磷建筑石膏性能影响机制研究

采用磷建筑石膏(PBG)、柠檬酸钠(SC)、甲基纤维素(MC)及玻化微珠为原料制备轻质抹灰石膏,并系统地分析了外加剂、轻集料对砂浆性能的影响机制。结果表明,柠檬酸钠可增大砂浆的流动性能, 当掺量为0.8%(掺量均为质量分数)时,样品抗压强度达到16.3 MPa。然而,甲基纤维素降低了砂浆的流动性能,当掺量为0.40%时,样品抗压强度仅为11.3 MPa。玻化微珠会降低砂浆密度及流动性,缩短凝结时间,增大了保水率及硬化体拉伸粘结强度。采用95%磷建筑石膏、5.0%玻化微珠并按磷建筑石膏质量外掺1.0%SC、0.20%MC配制的砂浆样品性能可达到GB/T 28627—2012《抹灰石膏》中的轻质抹灰石膏性能的要求。随着SC掺量的增加,轻质抹灰石膏水化产物二水石膏的形貌向长条、针状转变,晶体结晶度降低、搭接程度增大,从而使得抗折强度增大,抗压及拉伸粘结强度减小;随着MC掺量的增加,轻质抹灰石膏水化产物二水石膏的形貌变成厚板状,晶体间搭接程度及结晶度增大,使得硬化强度增大。     

Development of calcium phosphate cement

Calcium phosphate cements were prepared by mixing α-type calcium phosphate, aqueous solutions of polyvinyl alcohol and citric acid, and silicate sand. Higher concentration of polyvinyl alcohol and citric acid gave a cured body having higher mechanical strength and 50% aqueous solutions of polyvinyl alcohol and citric acid were the highest concentration to be available in this hardening process. Polyvinyl alcohol gave better mechanical strength to a hard body than citric acid. Smaller particle size of silicate sand gave stronger mechanical strength to a cured body. The highest mechanical strength of a cured body was obtained when the mixing weight ratio of α-type calcium phosphate to silicate sand was1–0.5. The calcium phosphate cement showed very good adhesion strength for cement plates with an analogous component.     

淀粉微晶/聚乙烯醇复合薄膜的制备与性能

在制备淀粉微晶的基础上,将淀粉微晶与聚乙烯醇共混制备复合材料薄膜,讨论了原料配比、混合温度、混合时间和转速等因素对复合薄膜性能的影响。正交实验的结果表明:当聚乙烯醇与淀粉微晶的质量配比为1∶4,混合温度为90℃,混合30min时制得的复合薄膜的性能最好。     

酸性废水体系中硫酸钙反应结晶过程研究(英文)

The present work focused on the recycle of the sulfate and the metal ions from acidic wastewater dis charged by nonferrous metallurgical industry. The effects of the temperature, the reactant concentration, the stirring speed and the metal ions on the reactive crystallization process of calcium sulfate between sulfuric acid and lime were systematically investigated. The morphology of the precipitated crystals evolved from plateletlike and nee dlelike shape to rodlike shape when the temperature was increased from 25 to 70 ℃. An increase in the agglom.     

改性脲醛树脂的合成及性能

采用传统方法合成了脲醛树脂,得出甲醛与尿素的最佳摩尔比为2。采用不同改性剂合成了改性脲醛树脂,得出：随三聚氰胺、聚乙烯醇复合改性剂用量的增加,树脂的游离甲醛含量、固化时间呈逐渐下降趋势,当复合改性剂用量为8%时树脂性能最佳,压缩强度为9.0 MPa;苯酚改性剂的最佳用量为10%,材料的压缩强度为14.2 MPa;糠醛改性剂的最佳用量为15%,材料的压缩强度为19.5 MPa;综合比较,三聚氰胺、聚乙烯醇复合改性剂可以明显降低游离甲醛的含量和固化时间,但材料的压缩强度增加不大,而采用糠醛改性剂制得改性脲醛树脂的压缩强度较大。     

三聚氰胺添加方式对胶合板用UF胶粘剂性能的影响

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和三聚氰胺为改性剂,制备出一种环保型UF(脲醛树脂)胶粘剂。探讨了三聚氰胺的添加方式(包括其添加量、初期和中期投入比例等)对UF性能的影响。结果表明:在试验工艺条件下,当w(总三聚氰胺)=6%(相对于尿素质量而言)、w(前期三聚氰胺)=1%和w(中期三聚氰胺)=5%时,胶合板的甲醛释放量(0.27 mg/L)相对最低,胶接强度(0.71 MPa)达到II类板的标准要求;当w(前期三聚氰胺)=w(中期三聚氰胺)=3%时,胶合板的胶接强度(0.76 MPa)相对最高,但甲醛释放量(0.56 mg/L)只能达到E1级标准要求。     

Scanning electron micrographic studies of ettringite formation

The morphology of ettringite, formed by various reactions (C₃A + gypsum, C₃A + anhydrite, CA + magnesium sulfate, in the presence and absence of calcium hydroxide) was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Methods included immersion of solid samples into saturated solutions of the other reactant, and paste hydration. It is concluded that slender needles and spherulites are formed only if sufficient space is available; alternately (e.g. in pastes of lower water-to-solid ratios) ettringite occurs as short, prismatic crystals. Ettringite is formed in C₃A-gypsum pastes near the surface of C₃A grains by a through-solution mechanism; a topochemical mechanism can be definitely excluded. Results are significant for a better understanding of mechanism of expansion and set retardation by gypsum.     

Kinetics of Tricalcium Aluminate and Tetracalcium Aluminoferrite Hydration in the Presence of Calcium Sulfate

Hydration reactions of C₃A and C₄AF with calcium sulfate hemihydrate and gypsum were investigated and the kinetics of the reactions compared. The rates of C₃A and C₄AF hydration, as determined by heat evolution, vary depending on whether the sulfate-containing reactant is gypsum or calcium sulfate hemihydrate. The following sequence of reactions involving C₄AF occurs when hemihydrate is the reactant: gypsum formation during the first hour, ettringite formation between 20 and 36 hours, and the conversion of ettringite to monosulfate over a period of about 12 hours. Monosulfate formation initiates prior to the complete consumption of gypsum. The onset of this conversion occurs at a shorter hydration time when hemihydrate is a reactant and the total amount of heat evolved is lower. The hydration reactions in saturated calcium hydroxide solution occur more slowly than those in water. Based on heat liberation, C₄AF reacts at a much higher rate than C₃A. Ettringite formation occurs during the first 8 to 9 days of C₃A hydration. Once the gypsum is consumed, ettringite converts to monosulfate during two additional days. Compared to gypsum, hemihydrate decreases the rates of hydration of both C₃A and C₄AF. The effects on the hydration characteristics of C₄AF are significant. The hydration of C₃A with gypsum in water, in saturated Ca(OH)₂ solution, and in 0.3 M NaOH solution were compared. Heat evolution is the lowest for hydration in 0.3 M NaOH. The onset of monosulfate formation occurs prior to the complete reaction between gypsum and C₃A in the NaOH solution.     

低游离甲醛脲醛树脂的研制

报道了低游离甲醛脲醛树脂的合成工艺，采用三聚氰胺和聚乙烯醇作改性剂，实验结果表明，改性后的脲醛胶游离甲醛低，剪切强度高，耐水性好。     

低毒耐水脲醛树脂胶的研究

研究了加入淀粉、氧化淀粉对用三聚氯胺、聚乙烯醇改性的低甲醛脲醛树脂胶的剪切强度、耐水剪切强度、以及固化剂对胶的强度的影响,并得到较好综合性能的低毒耐水脲醛树脂胶。