社区居民生活饮用水卫生知识、态度和行为(KAP)调查

目的了解社区居民生活饮用水卫生知识、态度和行为的现状,为进一步开展卫生监督协管服务社区饮用水检测示范项目干预提供科学依据。方法于2015年选择常州市开展饮用水检测公示的55个示范社区,随机选取的550名居民为调查对象,采用入户问卷调查的方法,进行生活饮用水卫生知识、态度和行为的现况调查。结果回收有效问卷510份,有效率92.73%。社区居民生活饮用水卫生知识总的平均知晓率为70.84%;其中,男、女社区居民生活饮用水卫生知识总的平均知晓率分别为66.25%和75.29%,差异有统计学意义(X~2=50.371,P=0.000);20岁~40岁、41岁~60岁和>60岁三组不同年龄社区居民生活饮用水卫生知识总的平均知晓率分别为75.44%、73.49%和63.75%,差异有统计学意义(X~2=62.574,P=0.000)。参与提高生活饮用水质量相关活动意愿总的正向态度率为94.98%;生活饮用水卫生总的行为形成率为59.33%;男、女社区居民之间参与提高生活饮用水质量相关活动意愿正向态度率及生活饮用水卫生行为形成率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同年龄三组参与提高生活饮用水质量相关活动意愿总的正向态度率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同年龄三组社区居民生活饮用水卫生总的行为形成率差异有统计学意义(X~2=7.630,P=0.022)。社区居民获得生活饮用水卫生知识的实际途径前三位分别是宣传栏/手册(38.24%)、讲座/专家咨询(21.96%)、网络(18.82%);社区居民期望获得生活饮用水卫生知识的途径前三位分别是讲座/专家咨询(56.08%)、微信(45.10%)、QQ群(36.47%)。结论社区居民生活饮用水卫生知识知晓率有待进一步提高,应通过多种宣传方式普及生活饮用水卫生知识及深化社区饮用水检测示范项目内涵。     

浅谈加强二次供水的管理

广州市人民政府为了改善广州市饮用水水质,防止二次供水的污染,保障市民饮水的卫生,制定了《广州市生活饮用水二次供水管理和卫生监督规定》并在各区相应成立二次供水设施管理办公室。二次供水的范围大,设施产权各异,管理难度大,如何加强二次供水的管理,保障人民身体健康,值得我们进一步的探讨。     

我国给水深度处理应用发展近况与存在的问题

1.生活饮用水水质标准是纲，纲举目张 我国原有的国家水质标准还是1985年前定的，当时就规定了35项水质项目。我国卫生部于2001年以《生活饮用水卫生规范》名义颁布了水质检验项目，其中常规检验项目34项，     

一起化学性生活饮用水污染事件的调查分析

目的为减少或避免饮用水污染事件的发生,探讨饮用水污染事件的调查处理措施,提出相应的对策和建议。方法对辖区内某居民小区发生的一起生活饮用水污染事件进行现场调查,并采集水样进行实验室检测。结果 1号水箱及3户居民家中的4份水样中苯乙烯、六氯丁二烯两项指标均超过国家生活饮用水卫生标准限值。结论因油漆作业导致该小区生活饮用水受到污染。建议加强对相关单位和个人的培训和教育,加强饮用水卫生监督和管理,有效防止水污染事件的发生。     

臭氧—活性炭在饮用水深度处理中的应用

介绍了生活饮用水水质卫生新规范，欧美及国内臭氧-活性炭在水处理中的应用情况，针对当前水源有机污染现状和发展，论述了采用臭氧-活性炭进行饮用水深度处理的必要性，给出了活性炭吸浮池设计参数和要求。     

饮用水水质准则的发展

主要介绍了世界卫生组织（WHO）的《饮用水水质准则》的发展与指导思想，以及制修订过程中指标数量的变化与指标值的变动等，并就指标数量与我国《生活饮用水水质卫生规范》进行了比较。     

南阳市第七届全国农运会饮用水卫生保障情况分析

目的掌握有关接待宾馆等单位饮用水水质卫生状况,为第七届全国农运会饮用水卫生安全做好保障。方法对市政供水单位和比赛相关自建集中式供水单位进厂水、出厂水、末梢水进行监测,对比赛相关的二次供水水质进行卫生监测,水质分析按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750-2006)进行,结果按照《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行分析、评价。结果共监测737份水样,水质总合格率为85.89%,市政供水水质好于二次供水和自建集中式供水水质。单项指标检测以游离余氯、菌落总数、耗氧量、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群合格率较低,分别为87.51%、94.03%、96.07%、97.01%、98.51%。结论南阳市饮用水水质合格率较高,整个南阳农运会期间未发生因饮水引起的水质污染事件,确保了南阳农运会的饮用水卫生安全。微生物超标和消毒剂余量不足是影响水质不合格的主要原因,有关单位应加强建设和管理,以保障饮用水卫生安全。     

改造净化工艺提高饮水标准

生活饮用水水质标准是纲我国原有的国家水质标准还是1985年前定的,当时就规定了35项水质项目。我国卫生部于2001年以《生活饮用水卫生规范》名     

浅析农村饮用水安全中地下水的管理

水是人类生命的源泉，在我们生活中扮演着举足轻重的角色。本文针对农村饮用水安全问题，阐述了影响农村饮用水安全的主要原因，表明了地下水在保障农村饮用水安全中的作用，最后，提出了地下水管理的长效机制。     

《城市供水水质标准》的特点及与《生活饮用水水质卫生规范》的比较

为保障居民饮用水的安全性，建设部最近颁布了《城市供水水质标准》CJ／T206-2005，对城市供水提出了更高的要求。本文对标准颁布的必要性进行了分析，总结了标准的特点，并将其与卫生部2001年发布实施的《生活饮用水水质卫生规范》在指标方面进行了比较。     

淄川区农村饮水安全工程管理探讨

通过分析淄川区农村供水情况,总结出当前农村饮水安全工作面临的问题,探讨了农村饮水安全工程管理对策,以实现饮水安全目标,提高农村饮用水质量,在农村饮用水安全管理上实现标准化、规范化。     

Chlorination disinfection by-products, public health risk tradeoffs and me

Since 1974 when trihalomethanes (THMs) were first reported as disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water, there has been an enormous research effort directed at understanding how DBPs are formed in the chlorination or chloramination of drinking water, how these chlorination DBPs can be minimized and whether they pose a public health risk, mainly in the form of cancer or adverse reproductive outcomes. Driven by continuing analytical advances, the original DBPs, the THMs, have been expanded to include over 600 DBPs that have now been reported in drinking water. The historical risk assessment context which presumed cancer could be mainly attributed to exposure to environmental carcinogens played a major role in defining regulatory responses to chlorination DBPs which, in turn, strongly influenced the DBP research agenda. There are now more than 30 years of drinking water quality, treatment and health effects research, including more than 60 epidemiology studies on human populations, directed at the chlorination DBP issue. These provide considerable scope to reflect on what we know now, how our understanding has changed, what those changes mean for public health risk management overall and where we should look to better understand and manage this issue in the future.     

浙江省供水水质网上管理系统的开发

介绍了浙江省供水水质网上管理系统（WMS）的设计、功能、特点和应用.WMS通过互联网Internet平台,采用ASP网络编程语言设计,系统包括用户管理、信息管理、水质管理3个子系统.通过该系统实现了浙江省城市供水水质网络化远程管理.     

Case-based reasoning to support decision making for managing drinking water quality events in distribution systems

In order to better leverage past experience of water quality incidents, and to tap into the unique incident database currently being maintained and required by regulatory authorities, a data mining approach is herein proposed. The quality of drinking water is paramount to protecting public health. However water quality failures do occur, with some of the hardest to understand and manage occurring within distribution systems. In the UK, a regulatory process is applied in which water service providers must report on significant water quality incidents, their causes, actions and outcomes. These reports form a valuable resource that can be explored for improved understanding, to help with future incident management and evaluate potential solutions. Case-based reasoning is a knowledge-based problem-solving technique that relies on the reuse of past experience. The WaterQualityCBR software system presented here was developed as such a decision support tool to more effectively manage water quality in distribution systems.     

Hydrochemical characteristics and water quality assessment of surface water and groundwater in Songnen plain, Northeast China

Water quality is the critical factor that influence on human health and quantity and quality of grain production in semi-humid and semi-arid area. Songnen plain is one of the grain bases in China, as well as one of the three major distribution regions of soda saline-alkali soil in the world. To assess the water quality, surface water and groundwater were sampled and analyzed by fuzzy membership analysis and multivariate statistics. The surface water were gather into class I, IV and V, while groundwater were grouped as class I, II, III and V by fuzzy membership analysis. The water samples were grouped into four categories according to irrigation water quality assessment diagrams of USDA. Most water samples distributed in category C1-S1, C2-S2 and C3-S3. Three groups were generated from hierarchical cluster analysis. Four principal components were extracted from principal component analysis. The indicators to water quality assessment were Na, HCO₃, NO₃, Fe, Mn and EC from principal component analysis. We conclude that surface water and shallow groundwater are suitable for irrigation, the reservoir and deep groundwater in upstream are the resources for drinking. The water for drinking should remove of the naturally occurring ions of Fe and Mn. The control of sodium and salinity hazard is required for irrigation. The integrated management of surface water and groundwater for drinking and irrigation is to solve the water issues.     

欧美及日本对饮用水评价的研究

如何从有益健康和可口的角度对饮水进行评价是人们最关心的几个问题之一．综述了国外对饮用水在有益健康和口感方面的研究及评价方法，同时对我国某些地方的水质进行了测试与分析     

Customer complaint management and smart technology adoption by community water systems

Community water systems (CWSs) supply safe drinking water through pipes and other conveyances to the same population year-round. Complaint management is an important activity for CWSs and can assist efforts to monitor water quality and improve public perceptions. This research explores how CWSs receive, store, and use customer complaints. A new dataset is constructed through the distribution of an online survey. Respondents represent more than 500 CWSs across the U.S. and vary in characteristics, including the population size served. This research gives new insight about the tools that CWSs need and are willing to adopt for analyzing and reporting water quality issues.     

加拿大保护饮用水源的策略及启示

介绍了加拿大水资源及饮用水源概况，重点阐述了该国在保护地表饮用水源方面所采用的生态系统管理与集水区管理方法，同时说明了集水区管理方法在保护地下饮用水源方面的应用，并从饮用水管理重心前移、集水区保护策略拓展、水源保护与土地规划的集成、各级政府及当地社区的积极参与、政策实施费用与风险平衡等方面分析了加拿大对饮用水源保护的趋势及方向，最后从管理机制、管理过程、管理结果等方面对我国饮用水源保护工作提出了几点启示。     

管网水质二次污染成因及防治措施

对管网水质二次污染的成因进行了分析,并从提高出厂水的水质,采用合格管材、合理施工、严格管理,周期性冲洗管网等方面提出了防止管网水质二次污染的多种措施,以确保饮用水的安全。     

Accounting for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Public Water Supplies

Asset management plans were prepared in 1989 and 1994 by water companies in England and Wales for submission to the Office of Water Services. These plans constituted the financial programming required by water companies to meet specified standards of service, particularly with respect to water quality. Detailed studies have previously established that problems associated with iron from unlined ferrous mains, particularly in soft water areas, is often the main cost 'driver'for water distribution investment. However, many of the so-called unlined iron mains were treated with a coal-tar pitch lining for corrosion protection before installation, and residues of this painted lining can give rise to unsatisfactory levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in drinking water.
The paper describes how desk-study research, followed by the development and application of a modified 'focused downstream series sampling'water-quality modelling technique allowed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to be accounted for in two water company asset management plan submissions. The paper also raises a number of fundamental implications with respect to the occurrence of these carcinogenic compounds in drinking water.