Towards an adaptive human-centric computing resource management framework based on resource prediction and multi-objective genetic algorithm

The complexity, scale and dynamic of data source in the human-centric computing bring great challenges to maintainers. It is problem to be solved that how to reduce manual intervention in large scale human-centric computing, such as cloud computing resource management so that system can automatically manage according to configuration strategies. To address the problem, a resource management framework based on resource prediction and multi-objective optimization genetic algorithm resource allocation (RPMGA-RMF) was proposed. It searches for optimal load cluster as training sample based on load similarity. The neural network (NN) algorithm was used to predict resource load. Meanwhile, the model also built virtual machine migration request in accordance with obtained predicted load value. The multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) based on hybrid group encoding algorithm was introduced for virtual machine (VM) resource management, so as to provide optimal VM migration strategy, thus achieving adaptive optimization configuration management of resource. Experimental resource based on CloudSim platform shows that the RPMGA-RMF can decrease VM migration times while reduce physical node simultaneously. The system energy consumption can be reduced and load balancing can be achieved either.     

基于雾计算的煤矿全场景监测系统研究

目前煤矿全场景监测系统主要依赖于云计算实现数据处理、存储与决策,云计算需实时处理海量监测信息,严重影响系统决策层的时效性与精确度。针对该问题,提出一种基于雾计算的煤矿全场景监测系统,以神经元感知节点为单元设计雾计算神经网络,缓解云计算数据处理压力。针对基于粒子群优化算法(PSO)的节点部署方法存在过早收敛现象和局部最优解的问题,通过改进的PSO算法优化神经元感知节点部署,实现网络结构优化。仿真结果表明,与经典PSO算法相比,改进PSO算法能够更快寻得最优解,整体通信覆盖率的最优值、最差值和平均值分别提高了3.19%,3.31%,3.25%,具有收敛快速有效、适应性强、稳定性高等优势。     

Network-aware virtual machine migration in an overcommitted cloud

Virtualization, which acts as the underlying technology for cloud computing, enables large amounts of third-party applications to be packed into virtual machines (VMs). VM migration enables servers to be reconsolidated or reshuffled to reduce the operational costs of data centers. The network traffic costs for VM migration currently attract limited attention.However, traffic and bandwidth demands among VMs in a data center account for considerable total traffic. VM migration also causes additional data transfer overhead, which would also increase the network cost of the data center.This study considers a network-aware VM migration (NetVMM) problem in an overcommitted cloud and formulates it into a non-deterministic polynomial time-complete problem. This study aims to minimize network traffic costs by considering the inherent dependencies among VMs that comprise a multi-tier application and the underlying topology of physical machines and to ensure a good trade-off between network communication and VM migration costs.The mechanism that the swarm intelligence algorithm aims to find is an approximate optimal solution through repeated iterations to make it a good solution for the VM migration problem. In this study, genetic algorithm (GA) and artificial bee colony (ABC) are adopted and changed to suit the VM migration problem to minimize the network cost. Experimental results show that GA has low network costs when VM instances are small. However, when the problem size increases, ABC is advantageous to GA. The running time of ABC is also nearly half than that of GA. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to use ABC to solve the NetVMM problem.     

基于混合优化算法的云计算资源调度

由于云计算的动态性、异构性和不可预测性等特点,使得资源调度策略面临很大的挑战。目前解决资源调度的方法主要是一些启发式算法,如模拟退火算法、人工神经网络算法、粒子群算法、蚁群算法和遗传算法等,由于优缺点分明,不能单独实现云计算任务的最优分配。因此,提出了使用混合优化算法解决云计算资源分配问题。在算法前期,借助粒子群全局广泛搜索能力,快速寻找到较优解;在算法后期,借助蚁群算法的正反馈性和高效性,寻找最优解。实验表明该算法有较短的任务执行时间和实现各个物理主机间的负载均衡。     

云存储副本优化选择策略

为了提高云计算环境中系统的整体数据调度效率,对云存储系统中的副本选择问题进行研究,提出一种基于蚁群觅食原理的云存储副本优化选择策略。该策略利用蚁群算法在解决优化问题上的优势,将自然环境中蚁群的觅食过程与云存储中的副本选择过程相结合;再充分应用信息素的动态变化规律以及高斯概率分布特性优化副本的选择方式,得出一组副本资源的最优解,从而为数据请求响应合适的副本。在OptorSim仿真平台上对该算法进行实现,实验结果表明该算法具有不错的表现,如在平均作业用时这一性能指标上相比原始蚁群算法提升了18.7%,从而在一定程度上减少了副本选择过程的时间消耗,降低了网络负载。     

功耗感知的自适应粒子群优化虚拟机动态映射

功耗管理是云计算数据中心的重要问题之一。由于服务器在不同睡眠状态时的功耗及唤醒延迟不同,将空闲服务器节电状态与输入作业负载建立映射,设计并实现了一种新的元启发式调度器,利用适应粒子群优化(SAPSO)检测和跟踪云计算资源池中不断变化的最优目标服务器,考虑了资源动态、工作服务器不同负载时的功耗、空闲服务器不同休眠状态转换时的功耗,使得VM映射中功耗增量最小。仿真实验表明了所提方法的有效性和较好的性能,经比较分析可知,该方法在保证满足SLA的情况下最大限度地减少了功耗且提高了VM映射效率。     

An efficient job management of computing service using integrated idle VM resources for high-performance computing based on OpenStack

In recent years, various studies on OpenStack-based high-performance computing have been conducted. OpenStack combines off-the-shelf physical computing devices and creates a resource pool of logical computing. The configuration of the logical computing resource pool provides computing infrastructure according to the user’s request and can be applied to the infrastructure as a service (laaS), which is a cloud computing service model. The OpenStack-based cloud computing can provide various computing services for users using a virtual machine (VM). However, intensive computing service requests from a large number of users during large-scale computing jobs may delay the job execution. Moreover, idle VM resources may occur and computing resources are wasted if users do not employ the cloud computing resources. To resolve the computing job delay and waste of computing resources, a variety of studies are required including computing task allocation, job scheduling, utilization of idle VM resource, and improvements in overall job’s execution speed according to the increase in computing service requests. Thus, this paper proposes an efficient job management of computing service (EJM-CS) by which idle VM resources are utilized in OpenStack and user’s computing services are processed in a distributed manner. EJM-CS logically integrates idle VM resources, which have different performances, for computing services. EJM-CS improves resource wastes by utilizing idle VM resources. EJM-CS takes multiple computing services rather than single computing service into consideration. EJM-CS determines the job execution order considering workloads and waiting time according to job priority of computing service requester and computing service type, thereby providing improved performance of overall job execution when computing service requests increase.

     

小波神经网络模型的改进方法

为了改善小波神经网络(WNN)在处理复杂非线性问题的性能,针对量子粒子群优化(QPSO)算法易早熟、后期多样性差、搜索精度不高的缺点,提出一种同时引入加权系数、引入Cauchy随机数、改进收缩扩张系数和引入自然选择的改进量子粒子群优化算法,将其代替梯度下降法,训练小波基系数和网络权值,再将优化后的参数组合输入小波神经网络,以实现算法的耦合。通过对3个UCI标准数据集的仿真实验表明,与WNN、PSO-WNN、QPSO-WNN算法相比,改进的量子粒子群小波神经网络(MQPSO-WNN)算法的运行时间减少了11%~43%,而计算相对误差较之降低了8%~57%。因此,改进的量子粒子群小波神经网络模型能够更迅速、更精确地逼近最优值。     

An Effective Cloud Workflow Scheduling Approach Combining PSO and Idle Time Slot-Aware Rules

Workflow scheduling is a key issue and remains a challenging problem in cloud computing.Faced with the large number of virtual machine(VM)types offered by cloud providers,cloud users need to choose the most appropriate VM type for each task.Multiple task scheduling sequences exist in a workflow application.Different task scheduling sequences have a significant impact on the scheduling performance.It is not easy to determine the most appropriate set of VM types for tasks and the best task scheduling sequence.Besides,the idle time slots on VM instances should be used fully to increase resources'utilization and save the execution cost of a workflow.This paper considers these three aspects simultaneously and proposes a cloud workflow scheduling approach which combines particle swarm optimization(PSO)and idle time slot-aware rules,to minimize the execution cost of a workflow application under a deadline constraint.A new particle encoding is devised to represent the VM type required by each task and the scheduling sequence of tasks.An idle time slot-aware decoding procedure is proposed to decode a particle into a scheduling solution.To handle tasks'invalid priorities caused by the randomness of PSO,a repair method is used to repair those priorities to produce valid task scheduling sequences.The proposed approach is compared with state-of-the-art cloud workflow scheduling algorithms.Experiments show that the proposed approach outperforms the comparative algorithms in terms of both of the execution cost and the success rate in meeting the deadline.     

vSpec: workload-adaptive operating system specialization for virtual machines in cloud computing云计算环境下负载自适应的虚拟机操作系统定制化

In general, operating systems (OSs) are designed to mediate access to device hardware by applications. They process different kinds of system calls using an indiscriminate kernel with the same configuration. Applications in cloud computing platforms are constructed from service components. Each of the service components is assigned separately to an individual virtual machine (VM), which leads to homogeneous system calls on each VM. In addition, the requirements for kernel function and configuration of system parameters from different VMs are different. Therefore, the suit-to-all design incurs an unnecessary performance overhead and restricts the OS’s processing capacity in cloud computing. In this paper, we propose an adaptive model for cloud computing to resolve the conflict between generality and performance. Our model adaptively specializes the OS of a VM according to the resource-consuming characteristics of workloads on the VM. We implement a prototype of the adaptive model, vSpec. There are five classes of VM: CPU-intensive, memory-intensive, I/O-intensive, networkintensive and compound, according to the resource-consuming characteristics of the workloads running on the VMs. vSpec specializes the OS of a VM according to the VM class. We perform comprehensive experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of vSpec on benchmarks and real-world applications.     

Adaptive fuzzy APSO based inverse tracking-controller with an application to DC motors

This paper introduces the use of the adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) for adapting the weights of fuzzy neural networks (FNN) on line. The fuzzy neural network is used for identification of the dynamics of a DC motor with nonlinear load torque. Then the motor speed is controlled using an inverse controller to follow a required speed trajectory. The parameters of the DC motor are assumed unknown as well as the nonlinear load torque characteristics. In the first stage a nonlinear fuzzy neural network (FNN) is used to approximate the motor control voltage as a function of the motor speed samples. In the second stage, the above mentioned approximator is used to calculate the control signal (the motor voltage) as a function of the speed samples and the required reference trajectory. Unlike the conventional back-propagation technique, the adaptation of the weights of the FNN approximator is done on-line using adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO). The APSO is based on the least squares error minimization with random initial condition and without any off-line pre-training. Simulation results are presented to prove the effectiveness of the proposed control technique in achieving the tracking performance.     

基于优化神经网络的云计算环境下供应链伙伴选择

针对云计算环境下供应链伙伴的动态性,提出一种基于优化神经网络的云计算环境下供应链伙伴选择模型.首先构建计算环境下供应链伙伴评价指标体系,并采用层次分析法计算每一个指标的权值,然后采用神经网络对采集的企业评估训练样本进行学习,并采用遗传算法对神经网络参数进行优化价,建立企业综合评估模型,最后进行了仿真模拟实验.结果表明,本文模型可以准确描述供应链伙伴的动态性,能够对云计算环境下的供应链伙伴进行全面、公正的评价.     

基于混合群智能的节能虚拟机整合方法

数据中心的虚拟机（virtual machine,VM）整合技术是当今云计算领域的一个研究热点.要在保证服务质量（QoS）的前提下尽可能地降低云数据中心的服务器能耗,本质上是一个多目标优化的NP难问题.为了更好地解决该问题,面向异构服务器云环境提出了一种基于差分进化与粒子群优化的混合群智能节能虚拟机整合方法（HSI-VMC）.该方法包括基于峰值效能比的静态阈值超载服务器检测策略（PEBST）、基于迁移价值比的待迁移虚拟机选择策略（MRB）、目标服务器选择策略、混合离散化启发式差分进化粒子群优化虚拟机放置算法（HDH-DEPSO）以及基于负载均值的欠载服务器处理策略（AVG）.其中,PEBST,MRB,AVG策略的结合能够根据服务器的峰值效能比和CPU的负载均值检测出超载和欠载服务器,并选出合适的虚拟机进行迁移,降低负载波动引起的服务水平协议违约率（SLAV）和虚拟机迁移的次数;HDH-DEPSO算法结合DE和PSO的优点,能够搜索出更优的虚拟机放置方案,使服务器尽可能地保持在峰值效能比下运行,降低服务器的能耗开销.基于真实云环境数据集（PlanetLab/Mix/Gan）的一系列实验结果表明：HSI-VMC方法与当前主流的几种节能虚拟机整合方法相比,能够更好地兼顾多个QoS指标,并有效地降低云数据中心的服务器能耗开销.     

A study on virtual machine deployment for application outsourcing in mobile cloud computing

In mobile cloud computing, application offloading is implemented as a software level solution for augmenting computing potentials of smart mobile devices. VM is one of the prominent approaches for offloading computational load to cloud server nodes. A challenging aspect of such frameworks is the additional computing resources utilization in the deployment and management of VM on Smartphone. The deployment of Virtual Machine (VM) requires computing resources for VM creation and configuration. The management of VM includes computing resources utilization in the monitoring of VM in entire lifecycle and physical resources management for VM on Smartphone. The objective of this work is to ensure that VM deployment and management requires additional computing resources on mobile device for application offloading. This paper analyzes the impact of VM deployment and management on the execution time of application in different experiments. We investigate VM deployment and management for application processing in simulation environment by using CloudSim, which is a simulation toolkit that provides an extensible simulation framework to model the simulation of VM deployment and management for application processing in cloud-computing infrastructure. VM deployment and management in application processing is evaluated by analyzing VM deployment, the execution time of applications and total execution time of the simulation. The analysis concludes that VM deployment and management require additional resources on the computing host. Therefore, VM deployment is a heavyweight approach for process offloading on smart mobile devices.     

基于自适应过载阈值选择的虚拟机动态整合方法

针对云环境下动态工作负载的不确定性,提出了基于自适应过载阈值选择的虚拟机动态整合方法。为了权衡数据中心能源有效性与服务质量间的关系,将自适应过载阈值的选择问题建模为马尔可夫决策过程,计算过载阈值的最优选择策略,并根据系统能效和服务质量调整阈值。通过过载阈值检测过载物理主机,然后根据最小迁移时间原则以及最小能耗增加放置原则确定虚拟机的迁移策略,最后切换轻负载物理主机至休眠状态完成虚拟机整合。仿真实验结果表明,所提出的方法在减少虚拟机迁移次数方面效果显著,在节约数据中心能源开销与保证服务质量方面表现良好,在能源的有效性与云服务质量二者之间取得了比较理想的平衡。     

基于社会力群智能优化算法的云计算资源调度

为了提高云计算资源的调度效率,提出了一种基于社会力群智能优化算法的云计算资源调度方法.首先将云计算资源调度任务完成时间最短作为社会力群智能优化算法的目标函数,然后通过模拟人群疏散过程中的自组织、拥挤退避行为对最优调度方案进行搜索,最后采用仿真实验对算法性能进行测试.结果表明,相对于其它云计算资源调度方法,该方法可以更快地找到最优云计算资源调度方案,使云计算资源负载更加均衡,提高了云计算资源的利用率.     

Cost-effective resource provisioning for multimedia cloud-based e-health systems

Recently, multimedia cloud is being considered as a new effective serving mode in e-Health area that meets the requirement of scalable and economic multimedia service for e-health. It can provide a flexible stack of powerful Virtual Machine (VM) resources of cloud like CPU, memory, storage, network bandwidth etc. on demand to manage e-health media services and applications (e.g. medical image/video retrieval, health video transcoding, streaming, video rendering, sharing and delivery) at lower cost. However, one major issue here is how to efficiently allocate VM resources dynamically based on e-health applications’ QoS demands and support energy and cost savings by optimizing the number of servers in use. In order to solve this problem, we propose a cost effective and dynamic VM allocation model based on Nash bargaining solution. With extensive simulations it is shown that the proposed mechanism can reduce the overall cost of running servers while at the same time guarantee QoS demand and maximize resource utilization in various dimensions of server resources.     

创建软件定义网络中的进程级纵深防御体系结构

云计算因其资源的弹性和可拓展性,在为用户提供各项服务时,相对于传统方式占据了先机。在用户考虑是否转向云计算时,一个极其重要的安全风险是：攻击者可以通过共享的云资源对云用户发起针对虚拟机的高效攻击。虚拟机作为云服务的基本资源,攻击者在攻击或者租用了某虚拟机之后,通过在其中部署恶意软件,并针对云内其他虚拟机发起更大范围的攻击行为,如分布式拒绝服务型攻击。为防止此种情况的发生,提出基于软件定义网络的纵深防御系统,以及时检测可疑虚拟机并控制其发出的流量,抑制来自该虚拟机的攻击行为并减轻因攻击所受到的影响。该系统以完全无代理的非侵入方式检测虚拟机状态,且基于软件定义网络,对同主机内虚拟机间或云主机间的网络流量进行进程级的监控。实验结果表明了该系统的有效性。     

Hierarchical Particle Swarm Optimization with Ortho-Cyclic Circles

Cloud computing is an emerging technology which deals with real world problems that changes dynamically. The users of dynamically changing applications in cloud demand for rapid and efficient service at any instance of time. To deal with this paper proposes a new modified Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm that work efficiently in dynamic environments. The proposed Hierarchical Particle Swarm Optimization with Ortho Cyclic Circles (HPSO-OCC) receives the request in cloud from various resources, employs multiple swarm interaction and implements cyclic and orthogonal properties in a hierarchical manner to provide the near optimal solution. HPSO-OCC is tested and analysed in both static and dynamic environments using seven benchmark optimization functions. The proposed algorithm gives the best solution and outperforms in terms of accuracy and convergence speed when compared with the performance of existing PSO algorithms in dynamic scenarios. As a case study, HPSO-OCC is implemented in remote health monitoring application for optimal service scheduling in cloud. The near optimal solution from HPSO-OCC and Dynamic Round Robin Scheduling algorithm is implemented to schedule the services in healthcare.