任务调度算法中新的自适应惯性权重计算方法

粒子群算法(particle swarm optimization, PSO)是解决云计算环境中工作流系统的任务调度优化问题的主流智能算法.然而基于传统自适应惯性权重的粒子群任务调度算法易陷入局部最优,导致调度方案的执行时间与费用较高.因此,通过改进单个粒子的成功值计算方法,提出了一种新的自适应惯性权重计算方法NAIWPSO(new adaptive inertia weight based particle swarm optimization).该方法通过比较每个粒子的适应度与全局最优值,可以更加精确描述粒子状态,进而提高了权重的自适应性.在新惯性权重基础上,提出了一种解决云工作流系统中任务调度优化问题的改进粒子群算法.新权重可以更准确的调整粒子速度,使算法更好地平衡粒子全局与局部搜索,避免陷入局部最优,获得执行费用更优的调度方案.实验表明,与5种已有惯性权重算法比较,新算法收敛稳定、适应度最低、执行费用平均减少18%.     

基于混合粒子群算法的云计算任务调度研究

任务调度是云计算系统可靠运行的关键,云计算环境中要处理的任务量巨大,考虑到云计算任务调度和QoS的优化问题,提出一种混合粒子群优化算法用于云任务调度。算法中引入遗传算法的交叉和变异思想,并结合随迭代次数变化的变异指数,保证种群进化初期具有较高的全局搜索能力,避免出现"早熟",同时将爬山算法引入粒子群算法,改善局部搜索能力。实验结果显示该算法具有很好的寻优能力,是一种有效的云计算任务调度算法。     

基于改进的鸡群算法在云计算资源调度中的研究

针对云计算中的资源调度效率低的问题,提出将改进后的鸡群算法用于调度。引入反向学习概念对鸡群种群进行初始化,提高全局搜索能力。对小鸡的位置引入了粒子群算法中的权重值和学习因子的概念进行改进,优化了鸡群个体位置,通过差分算法对鸡群算法整体的个体位置进行优化,最后通过边界处理从整体上预防了算法中个体位置可能出现的越界。在仿真实验中,将优化后的鸡群算法与基本鸡群算法,粒子群算法和蚁群算法进行在完成时间、花费成本、能量消耗和负载均衡中进行了对比,取得了较好的效果。     

基于代价优化的云工作流调度改进PSO算法

云计算可以通过即付即用的方式向用户工作流提供资源。为了解决资源服务代价异构环境下的云工作流任务调度代价问题,提出一种基于改进粒子群算法的云工作流任务调度算法WSA-IPSO。通过综合考虑任务的执行代价和依赖任务间发生数据传输时的通信代价,算法将总代价优化问题形式化为有向无环图DAG中的任务调度模型,并提出基于改进粒子群算法的优化模型对其进行求解。通过改进传统粒子群算法的粒子速度更新策略和惯性权重更新策略,算法可以以更快的收敛速度得到代价最小化的调度方案。通过仿真实验,与MCT算法及标准粒子群算法进行性能比较。实验结果表明,WSA-IPSO算法在降低总代价、任务分布的负载均衡以及算法收敛性方面比较同类算法均表现出更好的性能。     

Task Scheduling in Distributed Systems Using Heap Intelligent Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization

The optimal mapping of tasks to the processors is one of the challenging issues in heterogeneous computing systems. This article presents a task scheduling problem in distributed systems using discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO) algorithm with various neighborhood topologies. The DPSO is a recent metaheuristic population‐based algorithm. In DPSO, the set of particles in a swarm flies through the N‐dimensional search space by learning from both the personal best position and a neighborhood best position. Each particle inside the swarm belongs to a specific topology for communicating with neighboring particles in the swarm. The neighborhood topology affects the performance of DPSO significantly, because it determines the rate at which information transmits through the swarm. The proposed DPSO algorithm works on dynamic topology that is binary heap tree for communication between the particles in the swarm. The performance of the proposed topology is compared with other topologies such as star, ring, fully connected, binary tree, and Von Neumann. The three well‐known performance measures such as Makespan, mean flow time, and reliability cost are used for the comparison of the proposed topology with other neighborhood topologies. Computational simulation results indicate that the performance of DPSO algorithm has shown significant improvement with binary heap tree topology used for communication among the particles in the swarm.     

质心粒子群优化算法在云计算路径规划中的应用

云计算是一种为了解决海量数据处理要求的新型技术,云端数据资源的路由规划一直是研究的重点。粒子群优化算法具有智能搜索、全局优化、收敛速度快等特点。为了提高在云数据库路径选择的效率,在标准粒子群算法的基础上,提出了一种改进型的基于质心的粒子群优化算法模型,该算法能够在云中快速、合理地找到所需访问的数据库。仿真实验结果表明,该算法在采用合适的参数情况下具有良好的吞吐量,能有效地提高云计算的效率。     

一种自适应粒子群算法在云资源调度中的应用

通过资源调度优化提升云计算的效率并降低数据中心能耗是云计算领域的主要研究内容之一。粒子群算法常用于解决资源调度问题,然而粒子群算法在云计算资源调度应用中算法初期收敛速度快,后期收敛速度缓慢,易陷入局部寻优。本文提出了一种自适应改进的粒子群算法用于云计算资源调度问题的研究,该算法通过自适应改进粒子的个体学习因子和社会学习因子,以提高算法的全局探索能力,使得粒子逼近更优解。实验结果表明：本文提出的自适应粒子群算法不仅具备良好的收敛性和全局寻优能力,同时能够大幅度降低云资源调度中任务队列的总完成时间。     

移动边缘计算中的协同计算卸载策略

针对单边缘服务器卸载时导致异地边缘服务器空闲状态下资源浪费问题,在远程云与多个边缘服务器联合卸载的方案下,提出一种基于改进混合粒子群算法的边缘云协同计算卸载策略（cross reorganization PSO,CRPSO）。该卸载策略中以最小化系统总代价（时延和能耗的加权和）为目标建立模型,在粒子群算法中利用适应度对粒子进行优劣分组,通过引入遗传算法中的交叉思想对劣势组的粒子进行取优,由两层筛选机制优化原始种群中粒子,经过算法迭代实现任务的最优卸载策略。仿真结果表明,与Local-MEC算法、ECPSO算法和GCPSO算法相比,所提出的CRPSO算法的系统总代价最小,优化效果明显。     

云计算中的基于粒子群算法和差分遗传算法的资源调度

云计算资源调度一直以来都是研究的热点, 本文在云计算中引入粒子群算法, 针对该算法局部收敛速度快, 容易陷入局部最优值的缺点. 本文提出了两个改进: 一个是在粒子群种群寻找最优解中引入差分遗传算法, 既可以发挥粒子群全局搜索快的优点, 又可以发挥差分遗传算法局部搜索效率高的优点, 将两种算法优点进行结合弥补粒子群算法不足; 另一个是引入惩罚函数避免了粒子向无效的空间移动, 节约了移动的成本. Cloudsim平台说明本文算法能够有效满足云计算资源分配, 同时在任务完成时间, 成本消耗方面都有了很大的提高, 为云计算的资源分配提供了一种参考.     

A hybrid heuristic workflow scheduling algorithm for cloud computing environments

Cloud computing is a relatively new concept in the distributed systems and is widely accepted as a new solution for high performance and distributed computing. Its dynamisms in providing virtual resources for organisations and laboratories and its pay-per-use policy make it very popular. A workflow models a process consisting of a series of steps that shape an application. Workflow scheduling is the method for assigning each workflow task to a processing resource in a way that specific workflow rules are satisfied. Some scheduling algorithms for workflows may assume some quality of service parameter such as cost and deadline. Some efforts have been done on workflow scheduling on cloud computing environments with different service level agreements. But most of them suffer from low speed. Here, we introduce a new hybrid heuristic algorithm based on particle swarm optimisation (PSO) and gravitation search algorithms. The proposed algorithm, in addition to processing cost and transfer cost, takes deadline limitations into account. The proposed workflow scheduling approach can be used by both end-users and utility providers. The CloudSim toolkit is used as a cloud environment simulator and the Amazon EC2 pricing is the reference pricing used. Our experimental result shows about 70% cost reduction, in comparison to non-heuristic implementations, 30% cost reduction in comparison to PSO, 30% cost reduction in comparison to gravitational search algorithm and 50% cost reduction in comparison to hybrid genetic-gravitational algorithm.     

云环境下基于DO-GAPSO的任务调度算法

为了找到合理的云计算任务调度方案,仅从单一方面来优化调度策略已不能满足用户需求,但从多个方面优化调度策略又面临着权重分配问题。针对上述问题,从任务完成时间、任务完成成本、服务质量3个方面考虑,提出一种基于遗传与粒子群算法相融合的动态目标任务调度算法,在算法的适应度评价函数建模中引入线性权重动态分配策略。通过CloudSim平台进行云环境仿真实验,并将此算法与经典的双适应遗传算法(DFGA)、离散粒子群优化算法(DPSO)进行比较。实验结果表明,在相同的设置条件下,该算法在执行效率、寻优能力等方面优于其他两个算法,是一种云计算环境下有效的任务调度算法。     

Optimization of cloud computing task execution time and user QoS utility by improved particle swarm optimization

In order to optimize the quality of service (QoS) and execution time of task, a new resource scheduling based on improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) is proposed to improve the efficiency and superiority. In cloud computing, the first principle of resource scheduling is to meet the needs of users, and the goal is to optimize the resource scheduling scheme and maximize the overall efficiency. This requires that the scheduling of cloud computing resources should be flexible, real-time and efficient. In this way, the mass resources of cloud computing can effectively meet the needs of the cloud users. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), high performance and energy efficiency in one field. Most of them would have been the particle algorithm. The current technological development is still in-depth at super-resolution image research at an unprecedentedly fast pace. In particular, systemic origin applications get a lot of attention because they have a wide range of abnormal results. The scientific resource scheduling algorithm is the key to improve the efficiency of cloud computing resources distribution and the level of cloud services. In addition, the physical model of cloud computing resource scheduling is established. The performance of the IPSO algorithm applied to cloud computing resource scheduling is analysed in the design experiment. The comparison result shows that the new algorithm improves the PSO by taking full account of the user's Qu's requirements and the load balance of the cloud environment. In conclusion, the research on cloud computing resource scheduling based on IPSO can solve the problem of resource scheduling to a certain extent.     

基于社会力群智能优化算法的云计算资源调度

为了提高云计算资源的调度效率,提出了一种基于社会力群智能优化算法的云计算资源调度方法.首先将云计算资源调度任务完成时间最短作为社会力群智能优化算法的目标函数,然后通过模拟人群疏散过程中的自组织、拥挤退避行为对最优调度方案进行搜索,最后采用仿真实验对算法性能进行测试.结果表明,相对于其它云计算资源调度方法,该方法可以更快地找到最优云计算资源调度方案,使云计算资源负载更加均衡,提高了云计算资源的利用率.     

An improved PSO algorithm with genetic and neighborhood-based diversity operators for the job shop scheduling problem

The job shop scheduling problem (JSSP) is an important NP-hard practical scheduling problem that has various applications in the fields of optimization and production engineering. In this paper an effective scheduling method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) for the minimum makespan problem of the JSSP is proposed. New variants of the standard PSO operators are introduced to adapt the velocity and position update rules to the discrete solution space of the JSSP. The proposed algorithm is improved by incorporating two neighborhood-based operators to improve population diversity and to avoid early convergence to local optima. First, the diversity enhancement operator tends to improve the population diversity by relocating neighboring particles to avoid premature clustering and to achieve broader exploration of the solution space. This is achieved by enforcing a circular neighboring area around each particle if the population diversity falls beneath the adaptable diversity threshold. The adaptive threshold is utilized to regulate the population diversity throughout the different stages of the search process. Second, the local search operator based on critical path analysis is used to perform local exploitation in the neighboring area of the best particles. Variants of the genetic well-known operators “selection” and “crossover” are incorporated to evolve stagnated particles in the swarm. The proposed method is evaluated using a collection of 123 well-studied benchmarks. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in producing excellent solutions that are robust and competitive to recent state-of-the-art heuristic-based algorithms reported in literature for nearly all of the tested instances.     

求解车间调度问题的2阶段混合粒子群优化算法

针对车间调度问题,提出了一种2阶段混合粒了群算法(TS-HPSO).该算法在第1阶段为每个粒子设置较大的惯性系数w,同时去掉了粒子的社会学习能力,从而保证每个微粒在局部范围内充分搜索.第2阶段的混合粒子群算法以第1阶段每个粒子找到的最好解作为初始解,同时以遗传算法中的变异操作保证粒了多样性;为保证算法的寻优能力,对全局gbest进行贪婪邻域搜索.计算结果证明了本算法的有效性.     

基于混合优化算法的云计算资源调度

由于云计算的动态性、异构性和不可预测性等特点,使得资源调度策略面临很大的挑战。目前解决资源调度的方法主要是一些启发式算法,如模拟退火算法、人工神经网络算法、粒子群算法、蚁群算法和遗传算法等,由于优缺点分明,不能单独实现云计算任务的最优分配。因此,提出了使用混合优化算法解决云计算资源分配问题。在算法前期,借助粒子群全局广泛搜索能力,快速寻找到较优解;在算法后期,借助蚁群算法的正反馈性和高效性,寻找最优解。实验表明该算法有较短的任务执行时间和实现各个物理主机间的负载均衡。     

基于聚类和改进共生演算法的云任务调度策略

针对云计算环境中一些基于服务质量（QoS）调度算法存在寻优速度慢、调度成本与用户满意度不均衡的问题,提出了一种基于聚类和改进共生演算法的云任务调度策略。首先将任务和资源进行模糊聚类并对资源进行重排序放置,依据属性相似度对任务进行指导分配,减小对资源的选择范围;然后依据交叉和旋转学习机制改进共生演算法,提升算法的搜索能力;最后通过加权求和方式构造驱动模型,均衡调度代价与系统性能间关系。通过不同任务量的云任务调度仿真实验,表明该算法相比改进遗传算法、混合粒子群遗传算法和离散共生演算法,有效减少了进化代数,降低了调度成本并提升了用户满意度,是一种可行有效的任务调度算法。     

A load prediction model for cloud computing using PSO-based weighted wavelet support vector machine

In order to reduce the energy consumption in the cloud data center, it is necessary to make reasonable scheduling of resources in the cloud. The accurate prediction for cloud computing load can be very helpful for resource scheduling to minimize the energy consumption. In this paper, a cloud load prediction model based on weighted wavelet support vector machine(WWSVM) is proposed to predict the host load sequence in the cloud data center. The model combines the wavelet transform and support vector machine to combine the advantages of them, and assigns weight to the sample, which reflects the importance of different sample points and improves the accuracy of load prediction. In order to find the optimal combination of the parameters, we proposed a parameter optimization algorithm based on particle swarm optimization(PSO). Finally, based on the WWSVM model, a load prediction algorithm is proposed for cloud computing using PSO-based weighted support vector machine. The Google cloud computing data set is used to verify the algorithm proposed in this paper by experiments. The experiment results indicate that comparing with the wavelet support vector machine, autoregressive integrated moving average, adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system and tuned support vector regression, the proposed algorithm is superior to the other four prediction algorithms in prediction accuracy and efficiency.     

CGSA scheduler: A multi-objective-based hybrid approach for task scheduling in cloud environment

In cloud computing task scheduling is one of the important processes. The key problem of scheduling is how to allocate the entire task to a corresponding virtual machine while maximizing profit. The main objective of this paper is to execute the entire task with low cost, less resource use, and less energy consumption. To obtain the multi-objective function for scheduling, in this paper we propose a hybridization of cuckoo search and gravitational search algorithm (CGSA). The vital design of our approach is to exploit the merits of both cuckoo search (CS) and gravitational search algorithms (GSA) while avoiding their drawbacks. The performance of the algorithm is analyzed based on the different evaluation measures. The algorithms like GSA, CS, Particle swarm optimization (PSO), and genetic algorithm (GA) are used as a comparative analysis. The experimental results show that our proposed algorithm achieves the better result compare to the existing approaches.     

An Effective Cloud Workflow Scheduling Approach Combining PSO and Idle Time Slot-Aware Rules

Workflow scheduling is a key issue and remains a challenging problem in cloud computing.Faced with the large number of virtual machine(VM)types offered by cloud providers,cloud users need to choose the most appropriate VM type for each task.Multiple task scheduling sequences exist in a workflow application.Different task scheduling sequences have a significant impact on the scheduling performance.It is not easy to determine the most appropriate set of VM types for tasks and the best task scheduling sequence.Besides,the idle time slots on VM instances should be used fully to increase resources'utilization and save the execution cost of a workflow.This paper considers these three aspects simultaneously and proposes a cloud workflow scheduling approach which combines particle swarm optimization(PSO)and idle time slot-aware rules,to minimize the execution cost of a workflow application under a deadline constraint.A new particle encoding is devised to represent the VM type required by each task and the scheduling sequence of tasks.An idle time slot-aware decoding procedure is proposed to decode a particle into a scheduling solution.To handle tasks'invalid priorities caused by the randomness of PSO,a repair method is used to repair those priorities to produce valid task scheduling sequences.The proposed approach is compared with state-of-the-art cloud workflow scheduling algorithms.Experiments show that the proposed approach outperforms the comparative algorithms in terms of both of the execution cost and the success rate in meeting the deadline.