基于滑动区域的粒子群虚拟网节能映射算法

针对传统虚拟网节能映射中存在的节点映射分散、链路映射跳数多等问题,利用虚拟网请求的最小生成树拓扑将节点和链路同时映射,该文提出了基于滑动区域的粒子群虚拟网节能映射算法(EVNE_SRPS)。当一个虚拟网请求到达时,生成其最小生成树拓扑,根节点为路径和最短的节点;在底层网络随机选取多个区域作为粒子对象,并在区域中心映射虚拟网请求的最小生成树拓扑;计算粒子的适应度,求出群体和个体最优解,并在最优解的指导下确定滑动方向、更新区域位置,经过迭代后得到虚拟网的映射方案。实验结果表明,与现有算法相比,该算法降低了网络能耗,提高了运营商的收益成本比。     

节点可重复映射和链路可分流的虚拟网映射算法

在已有映射算法的基础上,结合虚拟网节点映射原则,提出了物理节点可重复映射的映射算法,即在同一虚拟网映射过程中,物理节点可以接受不同虚节点的映射.该算法不仅减少了部分虚链路的映射过程,降低了映射的复杂度,而且节约了链路映射的成本,使物理网可以接受更多的虚拟网请求,有效地提高了映射效率.另外,针对算法中链路映射的不足,对链路映射采取链路分流措施,有效地利用了零散带宽资源,进一步提高了虚拟网的映射率.模拟实验表明,新算法在执行时间、映射率以及映射收益等指标上都有着明显优势.     

基于二分图K优完美匹配的虚拟网映射算法设计

为提高虚拟节点映射的可行性,基于可行性检验定理和用于衡量节点可用性的节点等级指标,设计了基于二分图K优完美匹配的以降低映射代价为目标的虚拟网映射迭代算法。实验表明,所提出的算法能提高虚拟网构建请求接受率和虚拟网构建收益代价比,从而提高物理网提供商的收益。     

基于资源区域聚集度的虚拟网映射算法

虚拟网映射是网络虚拟化研究中亟待解决的问题,针对已有映射算法中存在的对于网络拓扑信息利用不足的现状,该文提出了基于资源区域聚集度的虚拟网映射算法(RCI-VNE)。在映射预处理阶段,根据局部拓扑信息和区域资源聚集度提出节点区域资源聚集评价算法。在节点映射阶段,提出一种基于节点区域资源聚集排名的2-近邻聚集映射算法,该算法将虚拟网节点集中映射到底层网络中可用资源丰富的区域,减小承载链路的长度。实验结果表明,该算法降低了虚拟网映射开销,且具有较高的虚拟网请求接受率和较低的平均执行时间。     

支持接入控制的虚拟网映射近似算法

该文对网络虚拟化技术中的虚拟网映射问题及其研究现状进行介绍,指出当前虚拟网映射算法在接入控制和算法性能评估方面存在的问题,提出一种支持接入控制的虚拟网映射近似算法,并给出了算法的竞争比分析。实验表明,该算法能提高物理网资源的负载均衡度和利用率,从而提高了虚拟网构建请求的接受率和物理网提供商的收益。     

面向动态环境的虚拟光网络资源优化算法

为解决采用单个虚拟网特征重配置导致虚拟网接受率低的问题,基于资源竞争特征重构底层网络模型,并基于此构建虚拟网映射线性规划模型。设计了无划分的随机舍入优化算法和有划分的随机舍入优化算法,为每个虚拟网分配全局最优的底层网络资源。与现有算法相比,该算法下虚拟网请求的平均接受率提升11%,节点资源平均利用率提升61%,链路资源平均利用率提升27%。     

基于拓扑影响度和回溯迁移的虚拟网可靠性映射方案

底层物理节点或链路失效将影响虚拟网服务提供的连续性,因此如何实现虚拟网的可靠性映射是当前研究亟待解决的问题。文章建立了虚拟网映射(VNM)的数学模型,量化分析了虚拟网的可靠性,并归结出影响虚拟网可靠性的因素。为了克服这些因素,文章分别提出基于拓扑影响度(TID)的虚拟网映射(VNM-TID)算法和基于回溯机制的迁移算法(MA-Back)。仿真结果表明,VNM-TID MA-Back算法在虚拟网请求接受率、迁移成功率和有效承载率上具有优势,提高了虚拟网的可靠性。     

物理节点可重复映射的虚拟网映射算法

该文在已有的映射算法基础上,结合K短路径的思想,改进了链路映射过程。算法通过多次搜索K短路径,寻找满足虚链路带宽需求的物理路径,有效地提高了虚链路的映射率。同时,根据虚拟网映射特性,针对节点映射过程,提出了物理节点可重复映射的映射算法,即在同一虚拟网映射过程中,物理节点可接受多个虚节点的映射。算法不仅减少了部分虚链路的映射过程,降低了映射的复杂度,而且节约了链路映射的成本,使物理网可以接收更多的虚拟网请求,有效地提高了映射效率。模拟实验表明,算法在执行时间、映射成功率以及映射收益等指标上都有着明显优势。     

基于成本约束的虚拟网映射策略及竞争分析

为实现物理网提供商长期收益的最大化,单个虚拟网的映射成本和接入控制策略最为关键,但在之前的研究中,资源价格定义不能反映资源供求关系,不利于物理网资源的有效利用,且接入控制策略没有综合考虑成本和收益的关系.为此,首先基于凸二次规划松弛方法,设计以映射成本最小化为目标的单虚拟网映射方案求解的近似算法;然后,针对动态到达的单虚拟网构建请求,基于影子价格的物理网资源定价策略,用上述近似算法求出映射方案,并基于映射成本约束的虚拟网接入控制策略,完成竞争算法设计,并给出算法的竞争比分析.实验表明,所提方法能使物理网资源得到有效利用,进而提高虚拟网构建请求的接受率和物理网提供商的长期收益.     

基于合作博弈的多虚拟机实时迁移带宽分配机制

IaaS云计算平台采用虚拟机实时迁移技术进行资源动态调度和管理。在实际应用场景下,需要并行实时迁移多个虚拟机。由于实时迁移算法本身以最大利用带宽的方式进行数据传输,存在着迁移进程间竞争带宽的问题,无法保证带宽全局最优分配,影响整体迁移的性能。提出一种基于合作博弈的多虚拟机实时迁移带宽分配机制,将带宽分配问题建模为一个纳什议价,通过求解纳什议价解得到帕累托最优的带宽分配方案,并在实际的虚拟化平台上进行了实现。实验结果表明,相比标准的并行实时迁移,所提出的带宽分配机制能够公平有效地分配带宽,提高了并行实时迁移的性能。     

基于链路优先的快速协同虚拟网络映射算法

在网络虚拟化环境中,为了减少链路映射成本和提高收益,提出了一种链路优先的协同映射算法。该算法交替映射链路和节点,并使用贪心思想优先将带宽资源需求较大的虚拟链路映射到跳数较少的物理路径上,最终达到降低虚拟网络平均消耗和提高虚拟网络接受率的目的。仿真结果表明,与已有算法相比,所提算法节约了链路映射的成本,提高了虚拟网络接受率和物理网络收益,算法运行时间也有效缩短。     

虚拟网络映射高效节能运输模型及算法

网络虚拟化使得智能能量感知网络部署成为可能,已有研究忽略了节点映射能耗最优化。本文把节点映射能耗优化问题转化为生产地与销售地之间物资运输代价最优化问题,建立高效节能节点映射运输模型。根据最大元素法,提出了混合一阶段与两阶段映射算法,在链路映射的约束下找到节点分配最小能耗代价最优解;利用主动休眠策略,提出了基于运输模型的主动休眠虚拟网络映射节能算法;利用节点可重复映射技术,提出了基于运输模型的节点可重复映射算法,进一步提高了底层网络资源休眠数量。仿真结果验证了本文所提算法能够显著降低系统能耗,适合大规模高效节能虚拟网络映射。     

QoS‐aware cross‐domain collaborative energy‐saving mechanism for FiWi virtual networks

The fiber‐wireless (FiWi) access network is a very promising solution for next‐generation access networks. Because of the different protocols between its subnets, it is hard to globally optimize the operation of FiWi networks. Network virtualization technology is applied to FiWi networks to realize the coexistence of heterogeneous networks and centralized control of network resource. The existing virtual resource management methods always be designed to optimize virtual network (VN) request acceptance rate and survivability, but seldom consider energy consumption and varied requirements of quality of service (QoS) satisfaction, which is a hot and important topic in the industrial field. Therefore, this paper focuses on the QoS‐aware cross‐domain collaborative energy saving mechanism for FiWi virtual networks. First, the virtual network embedding (VNE) model, energy consumption model, and VNE profit model of FiWi networks are established. Then, a QoS‐aware in‐region VN embedding mechanism is proposed to guarantee service quality of different services. After that, an underlying resource updating mechanism based on energy efficiency awareness is designed to realize low‐load ONU and wireless routers co‐sleep in FiWi networks. Finally, a QoS‐aware re‐embedding mechanism is presented to allocate proper resource to the VNs affected by the sleeping mechanism. Especially for video VNs, a re‐embedding scheme which adopts traffic splitting and multipath route is introduced to meet resource limitation and low latency. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism can reduce FiWi network's energy consumption, improve VNE profit, and ensure high embedding accepting rate and strict delay demand of high‐priority VNs.     

一种基于拓扑势的虚拟网络映射算法

该文针对现有的虚拟网络映射算法对网络中节点的拓扑属性考虑不够周到,导致其请求接受率和收益开销比较低的问题,将物理学里的场论思想引入了虚拟网络映射,并提出一种基于拓扑势的虚拟网络映射算法。该算法在节点映射阶段,通过计算节点的拓扑势、节点的资源能力、待映射节点与已映射节点之间的距离,将虚拟节点映射至最佳的物理节点。在链路映射阶段,通过计算物理路径的可用带宽和路径跳数,将虚拟链路映射至最佳的物理路径。仿真实验表明,该算法在多种虚拟网络到达强度下的请求接受率和收益开销比均优于当前的虚拟网络映射算法。     

业务需求感知的虚拟数据中心映射方法研究(英文)

Virtualization is a common technology for resource sharing in data center.To make efficient use of data center resources,the key challenge is to map customer demands(modeled as virtual data center,VDC) to the physical data center effectively.In this paper,we focus on this problem.Distinct with previous works,our study of VDC embedding problem is under the assumption that switch resource is the bottleneck of data center networks(DCNs).To this end,we not only propose relative cost to evaluate embedding strategy,decouple embedding problem into VM placement with marginal resource assignment and virtual link mapping with decided source-destination based on the property of fat-tree,but also design the traffic aware embedding algorithm(TAE) and first fit virtual link mapping(FFLM) to map virtual data center requests to a physical data center.Simulation results show that TAE+FFLM could increase acceptance rate and reduce network cost(about 49%in the case) at the same time.The traffic aware embedding algorithm reduces the load of core-link traffic and brings the optimization opportunity for data center network energy conservation.     

A game theoretic framework for bandwidth allocation and pricing inbroadband networks

In this paper, we present a game theoretic framework for bandwidth allocation for elastic services in high-speed networks. The framework is based on the idea of the Nash bargaining solution from cooperative game theory, which not only provides the rate settings of users that are Pareto optimal from the point of view of the whole system, but are also consistent with the fairness axioms of game theory. We first consider the centralized problem and then show that this procedure can be decentralized so that greedy optimization by users yields the system optimal bandwidth allocations. We propose a distributed algorithm for implementing the optimal and fair bandwidth allocation and provide conditions for its convergence. The paper concludes with the pricing of elastic connections based on users' bandwidth requirements and users' budget. We show that the above bargaining framework can be used to characterize a rate allocation and a pricing policy which takes into account users' budget in a fair way and such that the total network revenue is maximized     

Fair Multiuser Channel Allocation for OFDMA Networks Using Nash Bargaining Solutions and Coalitions

In this paper, a fair scheme to allocate subcarrier, rate, and power for multiuser orthogonal frequency-division multiple-access systems is proposed. The problem is to maximize the overall system rate, under each user's maximal power and minimal rate constraints, while considering the fairness among users. The approach considers a new fairness criterion, which is a generalized proportional fairness based on Nash bargaining solutions and coalitions. First, a two-user algorithm is developed to bargain subcarrier usage between two users. Then a multiuser bargaining algorithm is developed based on optimal coalition pairs among users. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithms not only provide fair resource allocation among users, but also have a comparable overall system rate with the scheme maximizing the total rate without considering fairness. They also have much higher rates than that of the scheme with max-min fairness. Moreover, the proposed iterative fast implementation has the complexity for each iteration of only$O(K^2Nlog_2 N+K^4)$, where$N$is the number of subcarriers and$K$is the number of users.     

基于认知无线电系统的新型合作功率控制博弈算法

以改进的空时分集OFDM-CDMA系统为基础，研究已认知频谱资源的公平分配问题，根据信道状况，吞吐量最大化和功率限制需求，提出了一种合作功率控制纳什议价博弈算法，以有效地降低认知用户（secondary users）的发射功率，提高网络吞吐量。仿真结果表明该算法满足了认知用户公平共享频谱资源的需求，在相同功率消耗情况下，网络吞吐量显著提高。     

信任感知的安全虚拟网络映射算法

针对网络虚拟化技术带来的新的安全威胁,将信任关系和信任度引入到虚拟网络资源分配中,量化分析了网络虚拟化环境中的安全问题,构建了安全虚拟网络映射的数学模型,并在映射过程中考虑节点的局部和全局重要性,采用逼近理想排序法方法对节点进行多属性重要度排序,提出了一种信任感知的安全虚拟网络映射算法。仿真结果表明,该算法在满足虚拟网络请求可信需求的条件下,获得了较好的映射成功率、映射收益和资源利用率。