LIX84-I从氨性溶液中提纯铜的研究

研究了LIX84-I对氨性溶液中铜的萃取和反萃取过程,考察了相比、萃取剂体积浓度、振荡时间及萃取次数对萃取过程的影响,并优化萃取试验条件:萃取相比为1:3;萃取剂体积分数为32%;振荡时间为30 s;经过一次萃取,铜萃取率可达98.72%。用硫酸反萃,主要研究了反萃硫酸浓度、振荡时间、相比、反萃次数对反萃的影响,并优化反萃试验条件:反萃取硫酸浓度140g/L;振荡时间为30 s,相比为1:1,经过两次反萃后有机相中铜浓度达到99%以上。     

废蚀刻液净化制工业磷酸关键参数的研究

面板半导体行业中产生大量难以处理的磷酸基废蚀刻液,采用传统无害化处理工艺,既浪费资源又增加了生产成本。试验采用组合萃取反萃工艺净化废蚀刻液制得合格品工业磷酸,研究了萃取相比、萃取时间、反萃时间、反萃相比、反萃温度和反萃后静置时间等关键参数对磷酸收率的影响,确定了该组合萃取反萃工艺的最佳生产条件,为指导工业生产奠定了坚实的理论基础。     

2-丁基-2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇从地下卤水中提硼的研究

研究了以2-丁基-2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇为萃取剂,三氯甲烷为稀释剂,从四川平落地下卤水中萃取提硼。通过萃取条件的考察和筛选,最终确定萃取剂浓度为1.0mol/L,相比为1∶1,萃取时间为10min,萃取级数为二级的最优萃硼条件,此时萃取率可达98.56%,萃取剂的饱和萃取容量达44.25g/L(以H3BO3计)。同时,探究了以氢氧化钠溶液作为反萃剂的最佳反萃条件:反萃剂浓度为0.3mol/L,反萃相比为1∶1,反萃时间为8min,反萃级数为二级,其反萃率达到95.49%。在最优萃取和反萃条件下,经两级萃取和两级反萃,硼酸的回收率达到94.87%。     

t-BAMBP萃取分离高钾卤水中的铷

本研究采用以D80为稀释剂的t-BAMBP萃取体系,从高钾卤水中萃取分离铷。考察了稀释剂种类、萃取剂浓度、萃取相比、碱度、萃取时间、水洗相比、反萃剂酸度、反萃相比、反萃时间等相关因素对分离的影响。选定萃取剂浓度为0.8 mol/L t-BAMBP,碱度0.8 mol/L NaOH,萃取相比2.5/1,萃取时间1 min,水洗相比2.5/1,反萃酸度1mol/L HCl,反萃时间1 min,反萃相比5/1等条件。经两次四级萃取,一次五级水洗,两次两级反萃获得纯度达97.5%的RbCl,铷总萃取率达92.7%。     

双硫腙-Bmim[PF6]对水中铅离子的萃取分离性能初探

采用双硫腙-离子液体[Bmim][PF6]（1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐）对水中铅离子的萃取性能及反应条件展开了研究。主要探究了络合剂含量、萃取温度、料液相pH值及萃取体系与水相体积比对萃取效率的影响；此外，在最佳萃取率的前提条件下，进行了反萃剂的筛选，并考察了反萃温度及浓度对反萃效率的影响规律，继而获得最佳反萃条件。研究结果表明，在萃取温度为35 ℃、pH为6、络合剂双硫腙含量为0.5%（w/v）、萃取体系与水相体积比为 1:4 的萃取条件下，该萃取体系对水中铅离子的萃取率高达98.0 %。在35 ℃下，采用1mol/L HNO3对上述负载萃取体系进行反萃，反萃率可达97.0 %。最后，考察了该萃取与反萃体系多次复用的传质效率变化趋势，结果显示三次萃取/反萃后该体系萃取率依然可达80.0 %，反萃率为65.0 %。     

萃取法分离提取深层富钾卤水中的硼

采用溶剂萃取法分离提取江陵凹陷深层富钾卤水中的硼,研究了萃取剂种类、体积分数、萃取时间、萃取相比、反萃剂体积分数、反萃相比和反萃时间等因素对萃取和反萃取的影响。结果表明:2-乙基-1,3-己二醇是较合适的硼萃取剂;在以体积分数为15%的2-乙基-1,3-己二醇、35%异辛醇的混合醇为萃取剂,50%磺化煤油为稀释剂,萃取相比为1∶1,萃取时间为15min的条件下,硼单级萃取率达95%以上,实现了硼与卤水中钾、钠、钙和镁的有效分离;在反萃剂NaOH浓度为0.625mol/L,反萃相比为2.5∶1,反萃时间为15min的条件下,硼单级反萃率达94%;最优的反萃取条件在确保反萃率较高的同时,提高了反萃液中B2O3质量浓度,由原料的8.33g/L富集到反萃液的19.10g/L,有助于后续硼酸蒸发浓缩阶段能耗的降低。     

萘磺酸类有机废水的络合萃取研究

采用络合萃取法对萘磺酸类有机废水进行预处理。选用了三烷基胺(7301)、三辛胺作萃取剂,用NaOH、KOH、NH3.H2O作反萃剂,分别进行萃取与反萃实验,确定了最优良的萃取与反萃体系。同时,研究了萃取剂与稀释剂比例、废水pH、油水比以及萃取温度对废水萃取效果的影响及反萃时碱液的最佳质量分数和油碱比。     

萃取置换法预处理氟苯生产废水的实验研究

以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂、NaOH水溶液为反萃剂,采用萃取置换法回收处理氟苯生产废水中的苯酚。研究了萃取剂浓度、萃取时间、pH值及相比对萃取率的影响和相比、反萃时间及NaOH溶液浓度对反萃率的影响。经3级萃取和2级反萃,苯酚的回收率达98%,废水中苯酚含量可降至19.7 mg/L。萃取置换法操作简单,费用低廉,易于工业化。     

N503在镍钴湿法冶炼中的应用

本文主要研究了一个萃取体系,即镍钴湿法冶炼盐酸反萃液用N503萃取除铁体系,结果表明:采用4 0%N 5 0 3+6 0%磺化煤油、萃取相比O/A=1、反萃相比O/A=2,萃取级数为2、反萃级数为2的工艺,处理含铁、锌、锰、铜的盐酸反萃液,一级铁萃取率为90.55%、二级铁萃取率为99.80%,萃余液铁降至0.032g/L;一级铁反萃率为85.12%、二级铁反萃率为100%,铁富集到43.94 g/L。     

络合萃取法回收废液中的6-APA

利用络合萃取法回收废液中的6-APA,考察了稀释剂种类、络合剂浓度、p H、相比等对萃取效果的影响。结果表明,在0.117 5 mol/L甲基三辛基氯化铵氯仿溶液为混合萃取剂,水相p H=6,萃取剂与水相体积比为0.4时,6-APA的萃取率最高可达56.96%。对反萃过程的研究表明,使用p H=1的盐酸反萃液,反萃相与萃取相体积比为0.4时,反萃率最高可达51.42%。三级萃取和反萃取后,总的萃取和反萃率可达95%以上,络合剂可循环再生使用7次以上而不影响萃取和反萃效果,大大降低了操作成本。经络合萃取处理后的废液中6-APA质量分数大大降低,实现了经济和环保效益的双赢。     

Phase Separation Time Measurement Using Optical Method for Solvent Characterization

Phase Separation Time is a characteristic parameter of a two-phase liquid-liquid extraction system essential to evaluate the solvent pair suitability in a solvent extraction process and the process throughput in a mixer-settler system. A novel light scattering technique to determine the phase separation time unambiguously has been developed for the first time at the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam. The technique rests on the principle that dispersed mixture of two phases result in high scattering of an incident beam of light, and this scattering decreases as the dispersed phases coalesce. By monitoring the intensity of this scattered light at 90^o to the incident light, the “Phase Separation Time” can be deduced.     

超声辅助提取落叶松树皮原花青素的工艺研究

对落叶松树皮中原花青素的超声波辅助提取工艺进行了研究,考察了提取温度、料液比、超声时间、溶剂浓度等4个因素对原花青素提取的影响。在单因素试验和正交试验的基础上,优选出超声波辅助提取落叶松树皮原花青素的最佳工艺条件为:以60%的乙醇溶液为溶剂,在50℃、料液比1∶25(g/mL)的条件下,用200 W的超声功率作用辅助提取60 min,原花青素的提取率可以达到1.0512%。     

A Review on Extraction Techniques and Its Future Applications in Industry

Extraction is a mandatory process for most of the industries, especially in the food processing industry to obtain the targeted compounds from various sources such as plant or seed samples. This review paper provides information about various extraction techniques that are normally used in the edible oil extraction industry. Five extraction techniques are presented in this paper. Among all the techniques presented in this paper, pressing and solvent extraction methods are considered as traditional techniques while supercritical fluid extraction, microwave assisted extraction, and ultrasound assisted extractions are considered as advanced techniques. Both advantages and disadvantages of supercritical fluid extraction, microwave assisted and ultrasound assisted extractions are discussed. Furthermore, the parameters that would affect the output of each technique are included in each section. Nowadays, research is going on to further enhance the extraction method to obtain a higher extraction yield or increase the quality of the extraction product. The enhancement can be either combining two or more extraction techniques into one complete process or modifying the available technique alone. Therefore, the theoretical knowledge provided in this review will be useful for future researchers who are interested in enhancing the extraction techniques. Practical Applications : Extraction is a mandatory process in edible oil extraction industry. Extraction industry is always looking for a process which is high efficiency and low extraction cost. Therefore, various advanced techniques or treatments are applied to optimize the oil yield and shorten the extraction time. This paper provides a review on various techniques by summarizing both advantages and disadvantages of each technique. The information can be very useful for improving the current extraction technique to further optimize the oil yield or enhance the quality of oil.     

微波辅助提取麦冬多糖工艺研究

应用微波辅助技术提取麦冬多糖,考察了微波功率、辐射时间、溶剂用量等因素对提取率的影响。以微波辅助提取麦冬多糖的提取率为指标,筛选了工艺条件。由正交实验结果表明：最佳的工艺条件为提取时间20min,微波功率800W,水与麦冬液固比为50：1,提取率为14．002％。优化后的微波辅助提取工艺与传统提取方法相比,提取时间短,提取率高。     

有机废水的萃取处理技术

萃取技术对于有机废水的处理具有高效性.综述了有机废水的络合萃取、双溶剂萃取、膜萃取和萃取置换等工艺过程的特点及应用.指出萃取新工艺的研究开发和强化将为有机废水处理提供有效的途径.     

溶剂微胶囊--现代萃取技术发展的核心之一

从溶剂微胶囊的制备及应用两方面较为全面地综述了溶剂微胶囊技术的发展,并总结了其特点,提出技术展望。溶剂微胶囊技术是微胶囊技术与萃取技术相结合而发展起来的新型分离技术,溶剂微胶囊具有萃淋树脂可以有效避免乳化和分相容易等优点,而在萃取剂包覆量和防止萃取剂流失方面,具有更明显的优势。     

非有机溶剂液/固萃取分离在分析化学中的应用进展

非有机溶剂液-固萃取分离体系是近十几年发展起来的一种新型高效分离技术,它有两种萃取体系:1)聚合物-盐-水液-固体系;2)盐-三元缔合物-水液-固体系.由于此分离技术具备分离设备简单、速度快、收率高、不使用有毒有机溶剂等特点,受到研究人员的高度关注,目前已经广泛应用到金属离子分离和生物活性物质纯化过程中.重点阐述了该体系的基本原理、影响分离效率的有关因素及研究进展,并对下一步发展进行了展望.     

微波和超声波辅助提取穿心莲内酯

用正交法对微波和超声波辅助提取穿心莲内酯的工艺条件进行优化。微波辅助法提取穿心莲内酯的最佳工艺条件为温度40℃、提取溶剂为体积分数75%的乙醇、提取时间8 min;超声波辅助法提取穿心莲内酯的最佳工艺条件是提取溶剂为体积分数75%的乙醇,超声效率40%、超声时间50 min。微波提取法的平均回收率为99.9%,RSD为0.31%;超声波提取法的平均回收率为100.5%,RSD为0.21%。与超声波提取法相比,微波提取法提取时间较短,提取得率较高。     

Pilot-Scale Multi-Stage Countercurrent Extraction of Scutellarein from Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz

Abstract

A low-temperature, timesaving, lower solvent consumption, and energy cost and multi-stage countercurrent extraction (MCCE) technique was developed for pilot-scale production of scutellarein from Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz. The optimum conditions of MCCE process were obtained using the orthogonal array design method, i.e., 70% (v/v) of ethanol water solution, 16 L/kg of solvent to herbal sample ratio, 45°C of extraction temperature and 30 min of extraction time. A comparison between the MCCE technique and single pot extraction (SPE) under respective optimized operation conditions was made and time courses of scutellarein of MCCE and SPE processes were plotted, indicating that the MCCE technique can lower the extraction temperature and decrease five-sixth of the extraction time and two-thirds of the solvent consumption at the equivalent extraction yield of scutellarein.     

Modeling and simulation of solvent extraction processes for purifying rare earth metals with PC88A

A new simulation logic and thermodynamic equilibrium analysis algorithm combined with a new model simplification technique was developed to simulate the solvent extraction process for purifying rare earth metals from chloride solution with 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (PC88A) as a solvent. The proposed model simplification method significantly reduces the number of the nonlinear equilibrium equations to be simultaneously solved to overcome the initial guess problem and obtain numerically stable convergence pattern in solving the equilibrium analysis problem and performing the rigorous simulation of the extraction process. A new equilibrium analysis algorithm on the basis of the simplified nonlinear equilibrium equations is also proposed to estimate the equilibrium concentrations by solving the rigorous first principle extraction model. Finally, a solvent extraction simulator is developed to estimate all the concentrations of all the stages of the solvent extraction process by solving the equilibrium analysis problem at each stage in a sequential way. The proposed simulator doe not suffer from the initial guess problem and shows very robust convergence pattern without any numerical problems.