三管TDCR猝灭效率曲线法测量液体闪烁源的活度

简述了利用三个匹配的光电倍增管构成的TDCR方法测量液体闪烁源的原理、方法。用一套已知活度的^14C（正十六烷）液体闪烁猝灭系列源对该方法作了验证。提出提高探测效率,减小外推误差的方法。编制了测量过程的计算机程序。     

液闪计数中活度标准化的TDCR方法

本文描述液体闪烁计数中放射性活度标准化的一种新方法。该方法以三重对两重符合计数率之比(TDCR)作为效率变化的参量,外推符合计数率曲线到TDCR=1,直接地得出样品活度的接近值。文中给出它的原理、效率计算和理论不确定度估计。对氚水的测量,在NBS标称值的总测量不确定度±0.63％内一致。     

改变闪烁液体积对TDCR法测量放射性核素活度的影响探讨

研究用TDCR法测量液态3H、14C放射性核素活度时闪烁液的体积变化对测量结果的影响.     

液闪三双符合比方法测量~(99)Tc放射性活度

液闪三双符合比(TDCR)方法采用3个光电倍增管对称放置的液闪计数器,利用三管符合和三对两管符合的计数计算液闪探测效率,从而得到放射性活度,不需要使用标准源对仪器进行效率刻度,是一种放射性活度绝对测量方法。由于具有无自吸收、制源简单、操作简便、一致性好等优点,已广泛应用于纯β衰变核素放射性活度的测量。介绍了液闪TDCR方法的基本原理和液闪TDCR活度测量装置,并绝对测量了纯β衰变核素99Tc放射性活度,测量不确定度小于0.3%。     

液体闪烁核活度计量仪

本文描述用液体闪烁计数法直接测定α、β发射体溶液放射性活度的计量仪器。该仪器包括三个光电倍增管的符合探测器和三个输出计数道;以三重对两重符合计数率之比(TDCR)为猝灭参数,通过外推效率曲线至TDCR=1直接得到核素的活度。该仪器用于放射性活度绝对测量至少有两个突出的优点:1.精确度较高,对~3H、~(63)Ni和~(14)C等多种β、α核素其总测量不确定度(3σ)在0.5—1.5％;2.操作简便,测量迅速。     

环境和生物样品中3H和14C的测量

研究了环境和生物样品中^3H和^14C的测量方法。^3H测量步骤包括：样品氧化燃烧,使有机结合氚(OBT)转化为氚化水,用液闪法测量^3H活度。该方法的探测下限为1．2Bq／L。^14C测量步骤包括：将8g左右的样品经过燃烧爆炸后转变为CO2,并最终合成苯,用液闪法测量^14C的活度。该方法的探测下限(以C质量计)为1．0Bq／kg。文章同时给出了树叶、牛奶、动物、土壤等多种生物样品中^3H和^14C的测量结果。     

Hidex 300SL液闪装置测量低水平氚水活度的参数优化

Hidex 300SL是基于三管符合计数/两管符合计数(TDCR)方法绝对测量低水平氚水活度的液闪装置。本工作基于该装置对标准非淬灭氚水样品进行测量研究,明确了系统的探测效率与TDCR的关系;讨论了该装置的测量模式、符合时间等参数对计数率、衰变率和TDCR的影响;并对仪器的运行参数进行选择优化,在"H-3"测量模式及35ns的符合时间窗下,系统对3 H的探测效率达73.2%,衰变率稳定性好于0.47%;最后对空气本底样品进行测量,评估了该装置对氚水样品的探测下限,为后续环境低水平样品的精确测量提供有益参考。     

1220 Quantulus液闪谱仪测量3H计数效率的刻度

介绍了1220Quantulus液闪谱仪测量^3H计数效率的刻度方法。实际结果表明，用商用猝灭校正源来刻度仪器计数效率，首先应检验对实验被测样品的适用性，否则会使样品测量值有较大误差；对于一般的^3H常规监测，样品制备程序相同，猝灭情况变化不大，猝灭系数SQP（E）在711－732之间波动，因而可以用被测样品的空白材料无氚水作为猝灭剂来配制猝灭系列源，并用它制作的校正曲线来刻度仪器计数效率，或者简单地用与被测样品猝灭情况相近的源作为标准来确定计数效率。     

BGO矩形探测元探测效率的研究

理论计算了三种不同规格BGO晶体对于^137Cs0．662MeVγ射线的探测效率,并用GEANT4进行了Monte Carlo模拟,计算值与实验中光电倍增管测得的值进行了比较,给出了不同规格晶体对γ射线探测效率的区别,三者趋势基本一致。最后用^133Ba、^22Na、^137Cs和^60Co源测量了BGO探测元的能量线性,三种晶体对^137Cs0．662MeVγ射线的能量分辨分别为18．12％、18．08％和18．12％。     

秦山核电基地外围环境水体放射性水平监测

自1992年，浙江省辐射环境监测站对秦山核电基地外围环境放射性水平进行了连续的监督性监测。1992～2004年，基地外围环境水体放射性水平的监测结果表明：秦山核电基地外围地区陆地环境淡水（饮用水、湖塘水、井水）中总α、总β、^90Sr、^137Cs平均浓度分别为67、157、4．4、0．3mBq／L，^3H为1．4Bq／L，雨水中^3H为2．0Bq／L；正常排放下，基地附近海域水样中^90Sr、^137Cs平均浓度分别为1．4、0．7mBq／L，^3H为I．0Bq／L；第一期核电厂三回路冷却水总β、^90Sr、^137Cs平均浓度分别为2．6、4．1、1．0mBq／L，^3H为2．IBq／L，排放口海水^3H平均浓度为1．4Bq／Lo与运行前本底值和对照点监测值相比，秦山核电基地外围环境水体放射性水平在正常波动范围内，基地外围环境陆地淡水和附近海域海水没有受到放射性污染。     

Measurement of 79Se by accelerator mass spectrometry using projectile X-ray technique

1IntroductionInacceleratormassspectrometry(AMS)measurementsoflong-livedradioisotopes,stableisobarsarethedominantbackground.FortheradioisotopesofatomicnumberZ520,theisobarsbackgroundcanbeeliminatedbymeansofthedifferentenergylossofisobarinmatterduetotherateofenergylossisafunctionofZ.Butwithincreasingatomicnumber,theenergystragglingincreasesrelativetotheenergylossdifference,sothatisobarseparationbecomesprogressivelylesseffective.Inordertoseparatetheisobarswithhigheratomicnumberstheionenergyhast…     

韧致辐射法同时测量90Sr和90Y

本工作提出了用韧致辐射法同时测量样品中~(90)Sr和~(90)Y的设想.采用二(2-乙基已基)磷酸萃取制备无~(90)Y的~(90)Sr溶液,应用阱型NaI(Tl)探测器进行跟踪测量,得到~(90)Sr与~(90)Y探测效率比k.根据k值,跟踪测量未知样品,可以得到样品中~(90)Sr和~(90)Y的量.因此可以直接用~(90)Sr-~(90)Y作为Y的示踪剂.     

A novel digital neutron flux monitor for international thermonuclear experimental reactor

A novel full-digital real-time neutron flux monitor(NFM) has been developed for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor.A measurement range of 10~9 counts per second is achieved with 3 different sensitive fission chambers.The Counting mode and Campbelling mode have been combined as a means to achieve higher measurement range.The system is based on high speed as well as parallel and pipeline processing of the field programmable gate array and has the ability to upload raw-data of analog-to-digital converter in real-time through the PXIe platform.With the advantages of the measurement range,real time performance and the ability of raw-data uploading,the digital NFM has been tested in HL-2 A experiments and reflected good experimental performance.     

高性能微电流集成放大器的设计

介绍了用ICL7650运算放大器设计高性能微电流集成放大器的方法,阐述了电路的工作原理和提高放大器性能的措施,给出了实际应用的实验结果。该放大器测量范围10^-9～10^-12A,自换量程,自动校零,测量准确,工作稳定。     

A development of lifetime measurement based on the differential decay curve method

A new development of indirect gating case in the differential decay curve method used for lifetime measurement has been introduced.The gate region was extended from partial shifted peak to both shifted and unshifted components.The statistics of flight and stop peaks in gating spectra was improved obviously.The reliability of this change has been tested by reanalysing the lifetime of 2~+ state in~(134) Ce.The result of 32.2(33) ps was fit well with the previous published values within the experimental uncertainty.The developed method was also used to analyse the lifetime of 2_1~+ state in~(138) Nd.     

Real-time wide-range neutron flux monitor for thorium-based molten salt reactor

A novel full-digital real-time neutron flux monitor(NFM) has been developed for thorium-based molten salt reactor(TMSR).The system is based on the highspeed,parallel,and pipeline processing of the field programmable gate array as well as the high-stability controller area network platform.A measurement range of 10~8 counts per second is achieved with a single fission chamber by utilizing the normalization of the count and Campbell algorithms.With the advantages of using the measurement range,system integrity,and real-time performance,digital NFM has been tested in the Xi'an pulsed reactor fission experiments and was found to exhibit superior experimental performance.     

在Be和Au中7Be半衰期差别的测量

用两套γ谱仪精确测量了注入到天然铍和天然金中的7Be发生电子俘获的半衰期。实验测得,天然铍中7Be的半衰期为53.275(25)d,在天然金中为53.270(19)d。在0.12%的实验测量精度下,未观测到7Be半衰期在这两种材料中的差异。结果表明:注入在不同材料中7Be半衰期的变化不能仅从被注入材料的电子亲合势的差异考虑,还要考虑材料晶格结构的影响。     

Development of a spherical tissue equivalent proportional counter for neutron monitoring

A spherical tissue equivalent proportional counter(TEPC) for neutron monitoring has been developed. It was properly designed to produce a uniform electric field intensity around the anode wire. An internal ~(241)Am alpha source was adopted for lineal energy calibration. The TEPC was characterized in terms of dose equivalent response in a standard ~(252)Cf neutron field, and was tested with 2.45 MeV neutrons. Microdosimetric spectra, frequency mean lineal energy and dose-average mean lineal energy of 2.45 MeV neutrons were obtained and compared with FLUKA Monte Carlo simulation results. The measurement and simulation results agreed well. The mean quality factor and dose equivalent values evaluated from the 2.45 MeV neutron measurement were in good agreement with the recommended effective quality factor and ambient dose equivalent H*(10),respectively. Preliminary results have proved the availability of the developed TEPC for neutron monitoring.     

An efficient method for mapping the ~(12)C+~(12)C molecular resonances at low energies

The ~(12)C+~(12)C fusion reaction is famous because of its complication of molecular resonances,and it plays an important role in both nuclear structural research and astrophysics. It is extremely difficult to measure the cross sections of ~(12)C+~(12)C fusions at energies of astrophysical relevance because of the very low reaction yields. To measure the complicated resonant structure that exists in this important reaction, an efficient thick target method has been developed and applied for the first time at energies E_(c.m.)5.3 MeV. A scan of the cross sections over a relatively wide range of energies can be carried out using only a single beam energy. The result of measurement at E_(c.m.)=4.1 MeV is compared with results from previous work.This method will be useful for searching for potentially existing resonances of ~(12)C+~(12)C in the energy range 1 MeVE_(c.m.)3 MeV.     

船用核动力装置16N在线检测系统研究

在线监测主蒸汽系统的放射水平是提高船用核动力和气轮机系统的可用率和运行重要措施之一。核电厂已装备了NaI探头^16N辐射在线监测系统,但不适用于船用。讨论了以BGO为探头的紧凑型船用^16N辐射在线检测仪研发的关键问题,检测系统设计方案及其关键技术。