电化学在磁黄铁矿浮选中应用的研究

概括了与磁黄铁矿浮选电化学有关的研究情况和机理,其中浮选电化学的研究主要包括磁黄铁矿的表面氧化、捕收剂与矿物作用的电化学研究、铜离子对磁黄铁矿的活化概述、磁黄铁矿与磨矿介质及其它矿物间的腐蚀电化学等.     

电化学在磁黄铁矿浮逸中应用的研究

概括了与磁黄铁矿浮选电化学有关的研究情况和机理,其中浮选电化学的研究主要包括磁黄铁矿的表面氧化、捕收剂与矿物作用的电化学研究、铜离子对磁黄铁矿的活化概述、磁黄铁矿与磨矿介质及其它矿物间的腐蚀电化学等。     

磁黄铁矿的浮选电化学及抑制剂研究概况

本文概括了与磁黄铁矿浮选电化学有关的几个方面的研究情况和国内外对磁黄铁矿抑制剂的研究概况。其中,浮选电化学的研究主要包括磁黄铁矿的表面氧化、捕收剂与矿物作用的电化学研究、铜离子对磁黄铁矿的活化概述、磁黄铁矿与磨矿介质及其它矿物间的腐蚀电化学等内容。     

磁黄铁矿与磁铁矿的浮选分离实践

处理以磁黄铁矿和磁铁矿为主要回收对象的矿石，采用浮－磁工艺对磁黄铁矿强化浮选产出合格的硫精矿，浮选尾矿再磁选产出铁精矿。与之对比，先磁后浮分离效果不好。     

硫代硫酸盐的金属络合物对含磁黄铁矿的硫化铜镍矿石中主要矿 …

文章详细研究了铁、镍、铜的硫代硫酸盐络合物对含磁黄铁矿的硫化铜镍矿石中磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿和黄铜矿浮选的影响，对类似多金属矿物的浮选分离具有一定的指导意义。     

在铂族金属矿石加工过程中磁黄铁矿浮选化学的评述

根据有关铂族金属矿石加工的文献和美国犹他大学最近的捕俘气泡接触角测量结果,对黄药捕收剂浮选磁黄铁矿的化学进行了评述.在一些情况下,铂族金属的回收率低是决定于在常规浮选条件下（pH 9.0和矿浆曝露于大气中）磁黄铁矿颗粒的表面状态.磁黄铁矿在热力学上是不稳定的,它比较快地与环境发生反应.只有在酸性溶液中低氧化电位下 才观察到磁黄铁矿的天然可浮性和无捕收剂浮选性.在常规浮选条件下,磁黄铁矿表面很容易氧化成为氢氧化铁/氧化铁,使磁黄铁矿表面呈亲水状态,甚至在黄药吸附的情况下,都会降低磁黄铁矿的浮选回收率.在这些条件下,铜离子也不容易活化磁黄铁矿.捕俘气泡接触角测量结果证实了文献中报导的这些观察现象.在对过去研究结果分析的基础上,推荐了改进磁黄铁矿浮选和提高铂族金属回收率的浮选条件.     

磁黄铁矿活化剂及机理研究现状

针对磁黄铁矿难以浮选回收的特点,结合许多生产实践和实验室试验,详细阐述了磁黄铁矿活化剂的种类和机理研究现状,进一步指出了磁黄铁矿活化剂的研究方向.     

基于交流阻抗技术的磁黄铁矿活化浮选研究

采用活化浮选及交流阻抗技术研究了硫酸和草酸对被石灰抑制后的磁黄铁矿的活化效果和活化机理。浮选试验证实硫酸与草酸均能活化磁黄铁矿, 草酸的活化效果优于硫酸。交流阻抗研究表明硫酸与草酸对磁黄铁矿的活化机理表现在两方面: 一是提高磁黄铁矿表面自身氧化电位, 阻碍亲水物质进一步产生; 二是去除吸附在磁黄铁矿表面的亲水物质, 使之露出新鲜表面。磁黄铁矿表面电阻R_s随硫酸和草酸用量增加而降低, 表面法拉第反应电阻R_p随硫酸和草酸用量增加而增加, 该结果与浮选试验结果一致。     

金川铜镍矿床中典型单矿物的提取

为研究金川铜镍矿代表性单矿物在浮选过程中的行为,认识、掌握和控制浮选过程,分离提取镍黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、蛇纹石等代表性单矿物。利用双盘带式磁选机、筒式电动磁选机、QXC－1多用磁选仪,进行反复选别、分离,从二矿区富矿中制备了纯度分别为95.61%,95.46%的镍黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿。用磁选和重选联合流程,从金川贫矿中制备以橄榄石（占40％）、蛇纹石（占35％）为主的脉石矿物,橄榄石按化学组成为镁橄榄石,蛇纹石实际上包括了胶蛇纹石、叶蛇纹石和纤维蛇纹石诸变种。     

硫代硫酸盐的金属络合物对含磁黄铁矿的硫化铜镍矿石中主要矿物浮选的影响

文章详细研究了铁、镍、铜的硫代硫酸盐络合物对合磁黄铁矿的硫化铜镍矿石中磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿和黄铜矿浮选 的影响，对类似多金属矿物的浮选分离具有一定的指导意义。     

磁黄铁矿与乙硫氮相互作用电化学浮选红外光谱的研究

考察了乙硫氮为捕收剂时磁黄铁矿的浮选行为,发现在pH2-12的范围内,磁黄铁矿均可表现良好的可浮性。只有pH>12时,可浮性下降。通过用氧化剂过硫酸铵、还原剂硫代硫酸钠调节矿浆电位, 考察了磁黄铁矿在不同pH值下,可浮性与矿浆电位之关系,得出了矿物可浮电位-pH区间。通过红外光谱测试技术的研究,探讨了乙硫氮在磁黄铁矿表面作用机理及生成产物,不同pH值下与乙硫氮作用后,磁黄铁矿浮选回收率与乙硫氮红外吸收强度有对应关系,乙硫氮的二硫化物秋兰姆是主要吸附产物。     

磁黄铁矿自诱导浮选电化学的研究

考察了磁黄铁矿自诱导浮选基本行为,得出了不同pH条件下,回收率一矿浆电位关系和浮选电位上下限—pH关系。结果表明,磁黄铁矿在pH<13,在一定电位范围内,均可实现自诱导浮选。通过循环伏安曲线测量,阐明了磁黄铁矿表面氧化的机理。中性硫是主要疏水体,E-pH图计算,证明了可浮区间内的重要组分。     

超声波强化氧化磁黄铁矿浮选的机理研究

为探讨超声波强化氧化后磁黄铁矿浮选的机理,通过单矿物浮选试验、超声波溶解试验、X光电子能谱表面检测分析、动电位测定和捕收剂在磁黄铁矿表面的吸附量检测,研究了超声波对被氧化后磁黄铁矿表面溶解、表面性质及可浮性的影响,并对其机理进行分析。结果表明：超声波能促进磁黄铁矿表面氧化物的溶解,超声波作用后磁黄铁矿表面富铁贫硫氧化层中FeOOH、Fe₂（SO₄）3溶解,暴露出富硫贫铁表面及部分新鲜磁黄铁矿表面,进一步超声处理不会改变磁黄铁矿表面性质;超声波作用后磁黄铁矿零电点负移,疏水性增强,提高了被捕收剂吸附的概率;超声波能改善磁黄铁矿浮选指标,且过度超声不会对浮选产生不利影响。试验结果对超声强化表面被氧化的硫化矿浮选具有重要的指导意义。     

A comparison of pyrrhotite rejection and passivation in two nickel ores

The non-stoichiometric sulfide mineral pyrrhotite (Fe1-xS) occurs almost ubiquitously inter-grown with the principal nickel mineral, pentlandite ((Fe,Ni)9S8). During Ni processing, pyrrhotite is generally rejected to the tailings stream by flotation to produce a low tonnage, high grade (Ni) smelter feed and reduce SO₂ emissions. In this study, the effect of different pyrrhotite flotation rejection strategies (artificial oxidation and TETA: SMBS addition) are evaluated on a magnetic (Ore A) and non-magnetic (Ore B) pyrrhotite ore to determine if either may effectively depress and potentially passivate the pyrrhotite surface during flotation to produce benign tailings without compromising pentlandite recovery. For both ores, the best pyrrhotite rejection (pentlandite/pyrrhotite recovery) was obtained using TETA: SMBS. Differences in the flotation performance of the two ores are considered more a function of BMS content, liberation and ore handling rather than a difference in sulfide passivation from the inherent pyrrhotite mineralogy (magnetic vs non-magnetic pyrrhotite). Pyrrhotite passivation could possibly provide a means of rendering the tailings non-reactive and thus mitigate acid rock drainage (ARD) formation.     

The flotation of magnetic and non-magnetic pyrrhotite from selected nickel ore deposits

The non-stoichiometric sulfide mineral pyrrhotite (Fe_(1?x)S), common to many nickel ore deposits, occurs in different crystallographic forms and compositions. A series of pyrrhotite samples derived from Canada, South Africa and Botswana whose mineralogy is well characterised, were selected here in order to develop the relationship between mineralogy and flotation performance. Using both oxygen uptake and microflotation tests, the behaviour of the different pyrrhotite types was compared in terms of the effect of pH and collector addition. Non-magnetic pyrrhotite was less reactive in terms of its oxygen uptake and showed the best collectorless flotation recovery. Magnetic pyrrhotite was more reactive and showed poor collectorless flotation performance that could be improved with the addition of xanthate collector, but only if it was not already passivated. These differences are interpreted to be a result of pyrrhotite mineralogy. This has implications that may aid the manipulation of pyrrhotite flotation performance in processing operations.     

氮气环境下磨矿介质对磁黄铁矿浮选的影响

研究了氮气磨矿环境下不同的磨矿介质（钢罐瓷球、铁罐铁球）对磁黄铁矿浮选的影响。结果显示,不论其它条件如何变化,采用钢罐瓷球体系磨矿的矿浆电位和浮选回收率总是整体上比铁罐铁球体系高;磨矿时间长短在两个体系中都对磁黄铁矿浮选行为影响较小;矿浆pH值的变化对矿物可浮性影响较大,两个体系下均是在碱性越强的矿浆中磁黄铁矿的回收率越低,矿浆电位值也随着矿浆pH值增大而降低;当矿浆pH值为6．82时,捕收剂用量的变化在两个体系中对磁黄铁矿浮选效果的影响不大;另外,在两个体系下都表现为捕收剂加在浮选槽中比加在磨机中时磁黄铁矿的浮选效果要好。     

Pyrrhotite oxidation and its influence on alkaline amine flotation

In the production of ground calcium carbonate (GCC) for the paper industry, pyrrhotite dramatically reduces the GCC brightness and the removal of pyrrhotite through froth flotation is essential. The present study aims to study the effect of pyrrhotite oxidation on flotation recoveries during typical GCC flotation (i.e. alkaline pH, CaCO₃ saturation, amine collector). EDTA extraction and measurements of Eh (redox potential) showed a significant difference in pyrrhotite surface oxidation state when comparing exposure times of 40 and 60 min, the latter being significantly more oxidised. Microflotation results show that when pyrrhotite is exposed to air extending for more than 5 min at pH 8, the recoveries drop significantly. At higher pH, recoveries were generally low at all exposure times tested. Flotation recoveries showed strong correlation with zeta potential measurements. Bench scale flotation experiments on a sulphide bearing marble, confirmed that pyrrhotite oxidation significantly lower the GCC quality at low collector concentrations. By increasing the amine concentration, the flotation performance became independent of pH and exposure time.     

酸预处理对六方晶系磁黄铁矿浮选行为的影响及作用机理

针对磁黄铁矿易氧化且氧化后可浮性差、难以通过浮选将其与其他矿物分离的问题,通过单矿物浮选试验、接触角测量、Zeta电位测定以及红外光谱测试等方法研究了酸预处理对不同氧化程度六方晶系磁黄铁矿浮选行为的影响及作用机理。结果表明,六方晶系磁黄铁矿氧化程度越深,其可浮性越差; 通过酸预处理可以明显提高六方晶系磁黄铁矿可浮性,且酸预处理pH值越低,酸预处理后六方晶系磁黄铁矿可浮性越好; 酸预处理后的六方晶系磁黄铁矿接触角明显增大,疏水性得到提高,零电点向负方向偏移,表面带正电的氧化产物发生脱附; 红外光谱测试结果表明,丁基黄药与六方晶系磁黄铁矿发生化学吸附同时生成双黄药。     

用FTIR研究丁铵黑药浮选磁黄铁矿的作用机理

借助于傅里叶转换红外光谱仪（ＦＴＩＲ），采用丁铵黑药为捕收剂，对磁黄铁矿基本可浮性行为及丁铵黑药浮选磁黄铁矿的作用机理进行了研究，研究表明，随着丁铵黑药浓度的增加，在矿物表面吸附量增加，吸附产物为正二丁 硫代磷酸亚铁，硫酸铜也在矿物表现生成正二丁基二硫代磷酸铜，促进了磁黄铁矿的浮选。     

Influence of mineralogy and ore texture on pentlandite flotation at the Nkomati nickel mine,South Africa

The influence of ore mineralogy and ore texture on flotation response was studied for 29 samples from the main mineralised zone at Pit 3 of the Nkomati Ni mine, through laboratory scale flotation testing, laboratory assay, and mineral liberation analyser examination of the ore and the concentrates. The individual sample flotation responses vary widely in terms of Ni grade, and cumulative Ni recovery. It is demonstrated that this is a complex function of ore mineralogy and ore texture. Chalcopyrite is the first sulphide to float, followed by pentlandite and finally pyrrhotite, in ore samples with dominant chalcopyrite, or where pentlandite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite occur in equal abundance. However in samples with a high ratio of pyrrhotite to pentlandite and chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite floats earlier than expected, reports to concentrate over the entire flotation period, and depress and extend the flotation of pentlandite over the flotation interval with no clear peak of Ni recovery during flotation. Primary silicates (e.g. olivine and pyroxene) and alteration-related minerals (talc, tremolite and chlorite) are naturally floating, and hence affect the flotation of pentlandite in a similar manner to that of pyrrhotite. The most problematic ore at Nkomati in terms of Ni recovery is characterised by fine disseminated and fine bleb- or net-texture sulphides, contain abundant olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, talc and tremolite, and include abundant metamorphism-related country rock xenoliths (with calc-silicate minerals such as diopside and tremolite).