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表面完整性研究现状及发展趋势 总被引:11,自引:9,他引:2
疲劳失效是金属结构失效的重要形式之一,提高零件疲劳性能可以有效增加结构使用寿命。对于低周和高周疲劳,绝大多数疲劳裂纹萌生于零件表面。因此,表面完整性对金属材料疲劳行为有重要影响。简述了表面完整性的内涵,指出表面完整性不仅包括如粗糙度、波纹度、表面裂纹等的表面形貌特征,也包含如加工之后零件表面的残余应力、塑性变形、组织形貌等物理化学变化特征。总结了表面完整性工艺的研究现状,说明机械铣削、电火花线切割、磨削、喷丸强化、光饰等加工工艺对表面完整性的影响。综述了表面完整性表征模型的建立,指出各表面完整性特征参数对表面完整性影响的比重。分析了国内表面完整性发展趋势,指出表面完整性工艺研究与表面完整性表征模型相互促进的作用,提出表面完整性工艺与表面完整性表征模型的交叉研究。最后,对提高表面完整性及建立影响表面完整性的参数模型提出了建议。 相似文献
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阐述了低表面能表面的应用,重点综述了低表面能表面的制备方法,主要介绍了表面工程技术法和低表面能涂料法,并提出了制备技术的不足. 相似文献
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为研究有机氟硅烷对玻璃表面润湿性的影响,利用1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷对普通玻璃表面进行化学修饰,在玻璃基体表面形成含有-CF3的强疏水性基团。通过控制试验温度和处理时间,研究了不同处理条件下玻璃表面的疏水效果的变化趋势。通过对玻璃表面进行不同程度的打磨处理,研究了玻璃表面粗糙度对表面接触角的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、表面粗糙度测试仪和红外光谱(FTIR)对玻璃表面处理后形貌、粗糙度和化学结构进行了观察和表征,利用表面接触角仪测定了不同处理条件后玻璃表面的接触角。结果表明,浸润时间与温度的增加在一定范围内均可提高玻璃表面疏水性,且表面粗糙度的增加有利于疏水性能的提高。最终通过将表面粗糙化与表面化学修饰相结合,使玻璃表面获得优异疏水性能,表面接触角最高可达到127.9°。 相似文献
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汽车零部件表面强化技术研究现状及展望 总被引:7,自引:7,他引:0
在传统渗碳、渗氮及表面淬火工艺的汽车零部件表面强化技术基础上,简单综述了传统工艺在汽车零部件表面强化上应用的工艺优缺点及研究现状,重点阐述了新型表面形变强化、高能束流表面强化、表面冶金强化、表面复合强化及表面纳米强化的汽车零部件表面强化技术,详细介绍了目前广泛使用的新型表面形变强化中的喷丸强化工艺、高能束流表面强化中的激光表面淬火与电子束表面淬火工艺及表面冶金强化中等离子喷涂工艺的技术特点和应用现状,分析了国内外汽车零部件表面复合强化技术和表面纳米强化技术的工艺特点和研究现状,尤其是将表面复合强化技术中的传统工艺与传统工艺、传统工艺与新型工艺、新型工艺与新型工艺的多种复合工艺的相互结合及QPQ盐浴复合处理技术在汽车零部件表面强化上的应用,最后展望了未来汽车零部件表面强化技术的发展方向。 相似文献
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加工表面质量对材料表面耐腐蚀性能的影响具有复杂性和综合性,研究加工表面质量对材料表面耐腐蚀性能的影响,对如何延长机械产品的服役寿命、预测加工表面质量、精简制造工序和优化加工参数等具有重要的指导和实践作用。对已加工表面腐蚀形成机理进行了分析,并指出了影响耐腐蚀性能的因素,从加工表面机械物理特征和加工表面几何形状特征两方面入手,综述了已加工表面质量对耐腐蚀性能影响的研究进展。重点报道了加工表面机械物理特征中表面残余应力、加工表面金相组织变化以及加工表面冷作硬化对耐腐蚀性能影响的研究进展,分别总结了加工表面几何形状特征中已加工表面的表面纹理、表面粗糙度和表面伤痕对耐腐蚀性能影响的研究进展。提出应开展多表面质量参数之间相互影响综合分析,以及各表面质量参数联合作用下对表面耐腐蚀性能影响的研究,为开展表面质量与金属材料加工表面耐腐蚀性能关联性研究打下基础,并指出了加工表面质量对耐腐蚀性能影响研究的未来发展趋势。 相似文献
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A. Turnbull K. Mingard J.D. Lord B. Roebuck D.R. Tice K.J. Mottershead N.D. Fairweather A.K. Bradbury 《Corrosion Science》2011,(10):3398-3415
An investigation has been undertaken to establish the effect of surface preparation method on the susceptibility of a 304 stainless steel to stress corrosion cracking under simulated atmospheric corrosion conditions. MgCl2 was deposited onto four-point bend specimens, which were then placed in a chamber with a relative humidity of 45% and temperature of 60 °C. These test conditions were designed to reflect external exposure of stainless steel components in industrial plant, including nuclear reactor components, situated in a coastal region, but with the severity of the exposure conditions enhanced to allow discrimination of the effect of surface preparation in a short timescale (up to 1500 h). Four surface preparation methods were evaluated: transverse grinding, longitudinal grinding, transverse dressing using an abrasive flap wheel, and transverse milling. For each case, surface topography, surface defect mapping, near-surface microhardness mapping, residual stress and electron back-scattered diffraction measurements were undertaken. Stress corrosion cracks were observed for the ground and milled specimens but not for the dressed specimens, with cracks apparently originating at corrosion pits. The density of cracks increased in the order: transverse ground, milled and longitudinal ground, with the cracks notably much smaller in length for the transverse ground condition. The propensity for cracking could be linked to the high residual stress and apparent nanocrystalline microstructure at the surface. There was a greater propensity for pitting to initiate at local defect sites on the surface (laps, deeper grooves). However, the tendency was not overwhelming, suggesting that other factors such as more general roughness or the distribution of MnS inclusions had an influence, perhaps reflecting the severity of the environment. 相似文献
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Rail defects are responsible for many railroad accidents. Trains are derailed and serious consequences often occur. Traditional bulk wave testing wheel probes are often inadequate for finding all defects in a rail, especially under shelling. Shelling takes place as a result of wheel to rail Hertzian contact stresses that lead to surface and subsurface defects, as a result of high stresses below the surface of the rail. Guided waves can detect shelling, if so desired, by employing the proper mode and frequency. Guided waves can also detect transverse cracking under shelling by selecting a mode and frequency insensitive to the shelling, but sensitive to transverse cracking under the shelling. Special modes and frequencies can also be used to detect defects in the web or base of a rail. The guided wave methodology of using a hybrid analytical-FEM technique to accomplish the sensor design and subsequent scattering analysis is presented in this paper. Sensor design to generate rail boundary conditions via dispersion curve and wave structure analysis is illustrated along with a few static shots of animations of wave propagation and reflection from defects in a rail. 相似文献
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采用斜Y形坡口焊接抗裂性试验对NM400钢的焊接抗裂性进行了研究,通过测定其表面裂纹率、断面裂纹率及根部裂纹率,评定NM400的抗裂性能,并分析焊前预热对材料抗裂性的影响.同时,应用热弹塑性有限元法对斜Y形坡口试样进行了焊接过程的有限元数值模拟计算,得出横向焊接残余应力的分布情况及峰值位置.结果表明,常温下NM400的根部裂纹率较高,预热150℃时各裂纹率均降至0.因此,焊前预热能够提高NM400的焊接抗裂性.另斜Y形坡口根部产生较大的应力集中,局部横向残余应力超过材料的强度,是致使其产生裂纹的力学因素. 相似文献
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The fatigue cracking and fracture behavior of cold-drawn copper subjected to cyclic torsional loading were investigated in this study.It was found that with increasing stress amplitude,the fracture mode of cold-drawn copper gradually changes from a shear fracture on transverse maximum shear stress plane to a mixed shear mode on both transverse and longitudinal shear planes and finally turns to the shear fracture on multiple longitudinal shear planes.Combining the cracking morphology and the relationship between torsional fatigue cracking and the grain boundaries,the fracture mechanism of cold-drawn copper under cyclic torsional loading was analyzed and proposed by considering the effects of the microstructure and axial stress caused by torsion.Because of the promotion of the grain boundary distribution on longitudinal crack propagation and the inhibition of axial stress on transverse crack grown,the tendency of crack propagation along the longitudinal direction increases with increasing stress levels. 相似文献
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实验室模拟了不同热送热装温度的Ti微合金化连铸坯热送热装和加热过程,并采用光学显微分析、扫描电镜分析和透射电镜分析等方法,观察了生产条件下连铸坯和粗轧中间坯试样的显微组织,以及实验室条件下不同热履历铸坯试样的显微组织,分析了热送热装连铸坯在粗轧过程中表面裂纹的生成原因。结果表明,经热送热装的连铸坯表面金属中奥氏体晶界处的先共析铁素体膜及沿奥氏体晶界的碳氮析出物可能是导致粗轧过程表面裂纹形成的主要原因。 相似文献
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随焊冲击碾压法(weld with Trailing Impact Rolling,WTIR)是一种降低应力、减小变形防止热裂纹的新方法。文中分析了在前后冲击碾压轮作用下,焊缝金属塑性流动和应变场的变化规律,揭示了这种方法的机理。前轮周面内凹,迫使焊缝金属由焊趾处向焊缝中心流动,对处于脆性温度区间的焊缝金属施加一个横向挤压塑性应变,减小甚至抵消致裂的拉伸应变,防止了焊接热裂纹的产生。后轮缘稍向外凸,将焊缝金属冷却产生的压缩塑性变形充分碾开,减小了工件的应力和变形。试验结果表明,随焊冲击碾压能有效地防止焊接热裂纹的产生,将试件的纵向挠曲变形与横向收缩变形量控制到常规焊接状态的1/10和1/5左右,同时能将薄壁构件焊接残余应力控制到非常低的水平,甚至由拉应力状态转变为压应力状态,验证了应变场分析的正确性。 相似文献