PBTCA和HEDP低温条件下碳酸钙阻垢性能评价

通过静态阻垢试验研究了PBTCA和HEDP在低温条件下(2~15℃)的阻碳酸钙垢性能。结果表明:PBTCA和HEDP在2~15℃下的阻碳酸钙垢性能良好。初始钙离子+碱度对PBTCA和HEDP的阻垢性能影响较大,当钙离子+碱度从(500+600)mg/L提高至(800+800)mg/L时,PBTCA和HEDP的阻垢率从100%分别降至65%、60%。PO_4~(3-)、Zn~(2+)和浊度等的存在对PBTCA和HEDP阻垢效果的影响较小。     

新型抗生物污染反渗透膜阻垢剂的研制及性能

对国产11种反渗透阻垢剂进行静态阻碳酸钙垢试验,并对各单体抑制微生物污染性能进行了研究.投加量为3 mg·L~(-1)时,2-膦酸基丁烷-1,2,4-三羧酸、羟基亚乙基二膦酸、小分子有机膦RO2和氨基三亚甲基磷酸对碳酸钙的阻垢率超过80%.对阻硫酸钙垢进行正交试验表明,RO2与氨基三亚甲基磷酸有较强协同效应.在上述试验基础上,添加杀菌剂进行复合型反渗透膜阻垢剂的研制.结果表明,复合型阻垢剂A3阻碳酸钙达65%以上,阻硫酸钙达12.2%;3种复合型阻垢剂对碳酸钙的阻垢率均超过60%,抗微生物污染等性能与进口阻垢剂效果相当,成本仅为进口阻垢剂的1/4;复合型反渗透膜阻垢剂可有效控制反渗透系统结垢及微生物污染.     

高效一体缓蚀阻垢剂的研制与性能评价

本研究主要针对当今热门的绿色环保缓蚀阻垢剂PESA(聚环氧琥珀酸)与HPMA(水解聚马来酸酐)、PBTCA(2-膦酸丁烷-1,2,4-三羧酸)、HPAA(2-羟基膦酸基乙酸)、PAPEMP(多氨基多醚基甲叉膦酸)、EDTMPS(乙二胺四甲叉膦酸钠)、BTA(苯骈三氮唑)六种单剂进行腐蚀失重法和静态阻垢法的研究。通过研究研究表明,缓蚀阻垢效果最佳的浓度为:PESA浓度为9mg/L、PBTCA浓度为12mg/L、EDTMPS浓度为2mg/L、BTA浓度为4mg/L时,它的缓蚀率高达93.28%,阻垢率高达96.86%,复配的效果最好。     

阻垢剂协同效应及阻垢复配方案的研究

对羟基乙叉二膦酸(HEDP)、2-膦酸基丁烷-1,2,4-三羧酸(PBTCA)、聚马来酸酐(HPMA)和2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙基磺酸(AMPS)进行复配,研究药剂间的阻碳酸钙垢协同效应.结果表明,HPMA与HEDP、AMPS与PBTCA、HPMA与PBTCA两两之间存在明显的协同效应;PBTCA与HEDP之间存在一定的协同效应;AMPS与HEDP、AMPS与HPMA两两之间不存在协同效应.HEDP、HPMA和PBTCA按1∶1∶1复配,阻垢率高达98.4％.     

聚天冬氨酸共聚物阻磷酸钙垢性能研究

以天冬氨酸(ASP)、2-氨基乙磺酸(AESA)、氢氧化钠等为原料制备了一种无磷环保型阻垢剂聚天冬氨酸共聚物(PASP-AESA-ASP),采取静态阻垢法考察了其阻磷酸钙垢性能,用扫描电子显微镜观察了加入聚天冬氨酸共聚物后形成的磷酸钙形貌。实验结果表明,聚天冬氨酸共聚物阻磷酸钙垢的性能明显高于聚天冬氨酸,在加药量为6 mg/L时,比聚天冬氨酸的阻垢率提高了86%;对不同磷酸钙离子浓度的阻垢率也均有很好的效果,在加药量为14 mg/L时,聚天冬氨酸共聚物的阻垢率均达到了91%以上,当PO43-为10 mg/L时其阻垢率达到了95.2%。     

一种多元共聚物的合成及其阻垢性能研究

以水为溶剂,次磷酸钠和过硫酸钾为引发体系,以丙烯酸(AA),马来酸酐(MA),2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS),甲基丙烯酸甲脂(MMA)和次磷酸钠(NaH2PO2)为单体,合成了一种淡黄色的粘稠状阻垢剂,并且对它的阻垢、分散性能进行了研究。结果表明,该阻垢剂对碳酸钙垢和磷酸钙垢都表现出良好的阻垢性能,在pH值小于9.5,Ca2+质量浓度(以CaCO3计)为250mg/L,HCO3-质量浓度为250mg/L或Ca2+质量浓度(以CaCO3计)为250mg/L,PO43-质量浓度为5mg/L,阻垢剂用量达到12mg/L时,阻碳酸钙垢和磷酸钙垢效果都达到97%。     

复配阻垢缓蚀剂用于石化循环冷却水性能研究

为了解决石化循环冷却水系统的结垢和设备腐蚀问题,采用氨基三甲叉膦酸(ATMP)、2-膦酸丁烷-1,2,4-三羧酸(PBTCA)、水解聚马来酸酐(HPMA)为原药,复配了五种二元聚合物和三元聚合物阻垢缓蚀剂。采用静态阻垢和挂片缓蚀实验,考察了其阻垢和缓蚀性能。结果表明,当阻垢缓蚀剂组成为PBTCA 75 mg/L和HPMA 75 mg/L,其阻垢率为78. 35%,缓蚀率为64. 04%,优化配方的阻垢缓蚀性能优异,且含磷含锌量较低,属于低磷、低锌的环保型配方,性能指标均满足国标GB 50050-2007的规定。     

三氯异氰尿酸对有机磷缓蚀阻垢剂性能的影响

试验研究了三氯异氰尿酸(TCCA)对羟基亚乙基二膦酸(HEDP)、2-膦酰基丁烷-1,2,4-三羧酸(PBTCA)、羟基膦乙酸(HPAA)和多氨基多醚基亚甲基膦酸(PAPEMP)四种有机磷缓蚀阻垢剂的分解作用和对它们缓蚀、阻垢性能的影响.结果表明,三氯异氰尿酸对有机磷类缓蚀阻垢剂有分解作用,其分解程度为PAPEMP＞HPAA＞HEDP＞PBTCA;三氯异氰尿酸可使水的pH降低,造成碳钢迅速腐蚀;随着水中三氯异氰尿酸浓度的增加,HEDP、PBTCA和HPAA的阻CaCO3垢率先增加而后降低,PAPEMP的阻CaCO3垢率则持续降低.     

膦磺酸型阻垢剂结构与性能探讨

探讨了６种不同官能团结构膦磺酸的阻磷酸钙垢及稳定锌的性能，对膦磺酸、有机膦及磺酸共聚物进行阻垢分散性能比较，结果表明：分子中膦酸基增多可增强阻垢分散的效果，４ｍｇ／Ｌ膦甲基磺酸或膦乙基磺酸的阻碳酸钙性能优于ＡＴＭＰ、ＨＥＤＰ和磺酸共聚物。结果还表明：亚甲基磺酸基或乙基磺酸基能增强有机膦酸阻磷酸钙垢，稳定锌和分散氧化铁的性能。     

新型膦磺酸阻垢分散剂的合成及性能研究

以牛磺酸、甲醛和三氯化磷为原料合成了一种新型膦磺酸阻垢分散剂 (代号YSS 97) ,并对其阻垢性能进行了评价。结果表明 ,YSS 97的阻碳酸钙垢、磷酸钙垢和稳定锌盐、分散氧化铁等性能方面优于氨基三甲叉膦酸 (ATMP)和AA/AMPS共聚物 ,是一种性能优良的阻垢分散剂。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997