动态超高压微射流对花生球蛋白结构和功能性质的影响

采用动态超高压微射流对花生球蛋白进行处理,研究不同压力(40～160MPa)处理对花生球蛋白结构和功能性质的影响.结果表明:经动态超高压微射流均质后,花生球蛋白的紫外吸收基团含量增大,说明分子展开程度变大;巯基基团含量减小,说明花生球蛋白的三维结构局部发生了变化;花生球蛋白的溶解性显著增大;起泡性和起泡稳定性随均质压力的增大而增大,在处理压力为120MPa时达到最大.说明动态超高压微射流处理可以改善其起泡性能.     

动态超高压微射流对卵清蛋白功能性质的影响

以6%的卵清蛋白溶液为原料,采用动态超高压微射流均质进行处理,研究不同处理压力对卵清蛋白功能性质(溶解性、持水性和凝胶性)的影响.结果表明:经动态超高压微射流均质处理后,卵清蛋白的溶解性随着压力的增加有明显的提高,在80MPa时达到最大;卵清蛋白的持水力由1.5 g/g增加到5.05 g/g,持水性明显提高;卵清蛋白的凝胶强度也有所提高,在160 MPa下凝胶硬度最强.     

动态超高压均质对蛋清蛋自溶液的起泡性、成膜性的影响

采用动态超高压均质对80%蛋清蛋白溶液进行处理,研究不同的处理压力对蛋清蛋白起泡性、成膜性的影响.研究表明,蛋清蛋白溶液经过动态超高压均质处理之后,其颗粒大小明显减小,起泡性和成膜性均得到了改善.20mL的蛋清蛋白溶液经过160MPa处理后,泡沫高度可以达到47mL;蛋清蛋白膜的拉伸强度和拉伸率在100MPa时效果最好.     

动态超高压均质制备纳米级蛋白及其功能特性的研究

采用动态超高压均质技术制备纳米级蛋白,并研究了纳米级蛋白的功能性质。结果表明,大豆分离蛋白溶液经过60、80、100、140MPa超高压均质后,18%的颗粒≤100nm,属于纳米级蛋白。纳米级蛋白的溶解性、起泡性、凝胶性、流变性都有不同程度的改善:大豆分离蛋白溶解度可以达到46.33g/L;100mL的大豆分离蛋白经高速分散搅打后,泡沫高度可以达到180mL;16%大豆分离蛋白凝胶强度可以达到0.08355kg;流体呈现出接近于牛顿流体的性质。     

高压微射流对长期贮藏大豆蛋白功能特性的影响

在常温密闭的贮藏条件下,大豆分离蛋白(SPI)功能特性随贮藏时间的延长而逐渐下降.高压微射流纳米均质可改善长期贮藏SPI的功能特性,结果显示:将SPI溶液在30、60、90和120MPa压力下,分别通过1次、2次和3次微射流均质后,可溶性蛋白含量随压力增加而增大,随均质次数增加而下降.SPI分别经过0、120、240和360 d贮藏后,可溶性蛋白含量随贮藏时间延长而下降,但通过120 MPa的2次微射流处理,SPI可溶性蛋白含量得到显著提高.在不同pH条件下,SPI的乳化活性也随贮藏时间延长而下降,经过微射流处理后乳化活性和乳化稳定性显著提高.SPI的起泡性随贮藏时间延长而下降,微射流处理后起泡性和起泡稳定性也显著提高.贮藏360dSPI的热凝胶弹性模量从处理前的563Pa上升到2527Pa.     

超高压对大豆分离蛋白乳化性影响

研究超高压对大豆分离蛋白乳化性影响,对不同压力、加压时间、pH对其乳化性影响进行分析,并通过正交试验,最终得出提高大豆分离蛋白乳化性最佳工艺条件,即:作用压力400MPa,处理时间12.5min,pH为8.0;在此条件下,乳化能力与乳化稳定性可分别提高86.6%和24.7%。     

动态超高压微射流均质对大米蛋白功能特性的影响

以大米蛋白为原料,在不同料液比(1∶100~12∶100)和不同p H(2~12)的条件下,采用动态超高压微射流进行均质处理,研究不同均质压力(40~200 MPa)和均质次数(1~5次)对大米蛋白功能特性(溶解性、乳化性及稳定性、起泡性及稳定性和粘度)的影响。结果表明:不同料液比和不同p H的大米蛋白溶液经动态超高压微射流均质后其溶解性、起泡性、粘度均有显著的提高,而不同料液比和不同p H的大米蛋白溶液的起泡稳定性均无显著的提高。不同p H的固定料液比(3∶100)大米蛋白溶液经动态超高压微射流均质后其乳化性及稳定性有显著的改善,而不同料液比(尤其是料液比较高时)的固定p H(p H=7)大米蛋白溶液的乳化性及稳定性无显著性改善。均质压力对固定料液比(3∶100)和p H(p H=7)大米蛋白溶液的溶解性、乳化性及稳定性、起泡性、粘度的提高影响显著,而对其起泡稳定性无显著性作用。均质次数对固定料液比(3∶100)和p H(p H=7)大米蛋白溶液的溶解性、乳化性稳定性、起泡性及稳定性、粘度的提高影响显著,而对其乳化性无显著性作用(1~3次),甚至在均质次数较多(4~5次)时有负面性影响。     

温度对于大豆分离蛋白起泡性的影响研究

研究了20～90℃下商业用大豆分离蛋白(SPI)的起泡性。随着溶解温度的升高,5%大豆分离蛋白的溶解性及疏水性逐渐提高,起泡能力逐渐增强,泡沫稳定性则逐渐下降;将不同温度下5%大豆分离蛋白中的可溶性蛋白采用离心方法分离后发现可溶性蛋白的起泡性表现出与5%大豆分离蛋白相反的趋势,尤其在20～40℃的溶解温度下可溶性蛋白的起泡性远远优于大豆分离蛋白的起泡性。研究结果也说明,溶液中高比例可溶性大豆蛋白的存在可能有利于蛋白质泡沫的形成,但不能对泡沫的稳定性起到良好的支撑作用,同时大豆蛋白在溶液中的构象也会影响其起泡性。     

动态高压微射流对小麦面筋蛋白功能性质影响的研究

本文研究了动态高压微射流对小麦面筋蛋白功能性质的影响及其机理。结果表明:微射流对面筋蛋白功能性质的改变与其压力和蛋白浓度密切相关。随着压力的升高,在大于等于4%浓度时,溶解度先增大后减小,在80 MPa时达到最大值,在小于4%浓度时正好相反;蛋白浓度为4%时,起泡性减小,泡沫稳定性、乳化性和乳化稳定性增大,在100 MPa时达到最大,其他浓度例如2%和6%时正好相反。SDS-PAGE和DSC图谱显示,微射流使面筋蛋白大分子量亚基被破坏,形成新的具有更加紧凑的空间结构的水溶性聚集体,从而改变了面筋蛋白的功能特性。     

大豆分离蛋白及超高压对鸡肉凝胶色泽、保水和质构的影响

添加大豆分离蛋白(SPI)与超高压处理可以改善肉制品保水性、质构等品质.本研究侧重调查0～3.0%大豆分离蛋白添加水平、300MPa压力对鸡肉糜凝胶色泽、保水和质构的影响.结果表明,对于非受压鸡肉凝胶,其亮度与持水性随SPI添加浓度的增大总体上分别呈下降与上升趋势,并在大于等于2.5%时这种下降或上升程度显著;添加高于1.5%的SPI还可显著提高凝胶的硬度、弹性、黏结性与咀嚼性.对于300MPa的受压鸡肉凝胶,在低于2.0%的SPI添加浓度下,加压处理可以显著提高受压鸡肉凝胶的硬度、弹性、黏结性和咀嚼性;且能够降低凝胶的蒸煮损失率,从而提高产品的出品率.但此超高压也会导致受压鸡肉凝胶亮度值的减小.     

Effect of dynamic high-pressure treatment on the interfacial and foaming properties of soy protein isolate–hydroxypropylmethylcelluloses systems

The objective of the work was to study the effect of dynamic high-pressure homogenization (HPH) on the interfacial and foaming properties of soy protein isolate (SP) and surface-active polysaccharides (E4M and E15) with different molecular weight.     

Foaming Characteristics of Commercial Soy Protein Isolate as Influenced by Heat-Induced Aggregation

The foaming properties of commercial soy protein isolate subjected to different temperatures (20–90°C) were assessed. The results revealed that the solubility and surface hydrophobicity of a 5% (w/v) commercial soy protein isolate suspension increased with increasing temperature, which increased foaming capacity and reduced foaming stability. Commercial soy protein isolate supernatant (i.e., soluble fraction) had higher foaming capacity at low temperatures (20–50°C). A high content of commercial soy protein isolate soluble fraction increased foaming capacity but decreased foaming stability. The SDS-PAGE patterns and molecular weight distribution of commercial soy protein isolate revealed that there were soluble, large molecular weight aggregates (>400 kDa) formed mainly from A and B-11S polypeptides of commercial soy protein isolate via disulfide bonds. Additionally, some aggregates also dissociated into small polypeptides and subunits after heat treatment. Commercial soy protein isolate precipitate (i.e., insoluble fraction) had a high content of proline and cysteine, which probably contributed to the foaming stability of commercial soy protein isolate.     

Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Winged Bean Flour and Isolate Compared with Soy Isolate

The proximate composition, amino acid profile and functional properties of isolated winged bean proteins were determined and compared with soy protein isolate. Winged bean protein extracted at pH 10 and pH 12 had protein contents of about 90% and 80%, respectively. Alkali extraction of winged bean proteins at pH 10 and pH 12 did not affect the amino acid distribution of the isolated proteins. Oil and water absorption, emulsion, and foaming properties of winged bean isolated compared favorably with soy isolate. Least gelation concentration for winged bean isolate was 18% compared to 14% for soy isolate. Thus, winged bean protein isolate with its high protein content, high lysine and other essential amino acid content and good functionality has a good potential as an ingredient in food products.     

超声波对大豆分离蛋白物理改性的研究

研究了超声循环处理对大豆分离蛋白的乳化性、起泡性和表面疏水性的影响。结果表明,当处理1600mL浓度为1％大豆分离蛋白溶液时,与未经超声处理的蛋白相比,超声功率320W,超声时间15min,乳化能力提高了17％,乳化稳定性提高了49％;在超声时间15min、超声功率为960W、800W时,大豆分离蛋白的起泡能力和起泡稳定性分别达到最大,比未经超声处理的蛋白分别提高了70％和7％;当超声功率640W时,大豆分离蛋白的疏水性达到最大,与未经超声处理相比提高了39％。     

The evaluation of proteases as coagulants for soy protein dispersions

The ability of different proteases to induce the gelation of soy protein isolate dispersions (5.33% w/w) was studied. The coagulation time and gel firmness were determined using dynamic viscoelastic measurements. Among the six protease tested, papain was the most effective coagulant in terms of gel strength and coagulation speed; the second was alcalase. Degree of hydrolysis (DH), pH and viscosity profiles of soy proteins were tested during the coagulation with different proteases. The result suggested that strong interactions, other than electrostatic interaction, existed between peptides in papain and alcalase induced coagulation. Thermal and pH stability tests indicated that papain was more stable than alcalase in the temperature (60–90 °C) and pH (5.8–7.0) ranges studied. Higher papain dosages within the range of 5–13.3 U/ml resulted in firmer soy protein gels, but concentrations higher than 13.3 U/ml produced weaker gels. With the addition of 0.625 mM cysteine, the soy protein coagulation ability of papain was improved. A soy protein gel formed with 0.025% papain in the presence of 0.625 mM cysteine had about the same strength as that induced by 0.133% papain without cysteine.     

Gelation of soybean proteins induced by sequential high-pressure and thermal treatments

The effect of high-pressure treatment on structural and rheological properties of soybean protein dispersions was studied. A sequential high-pressure/thermal treatment was also analyzed. Dissimilar effects on soy protein isolate (SPI) and the enriched soybean protein fractions: β-conglycinin (βCEF) and glycinin (GEF) were observed. High pressure (600 MPa) promoted βCEF gelation, but did not modify the rheological properties of GEF in spite of its complete denaturation. Pressure treatment also induced the establishment of hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds that allowed the formation of soluble high molecular mass aggregates from the different polypeptides of both β-conglycinin and glycinin. Protein strands formation was detected in matrix microstructure of HP-treated SPI and βCEF dispersions in accordance with their rheological behavior of weak gels. In the case of GEF modifications induced by HP in the microstructure (apparition of large granules) were not accompanied by rheological changes.     

高压预处理及加热方式对混合蛋白凝胶特性的影响

将鸡肉肌原纤维蛋白(MPI)和大豆分离蛋白(SPI)按体积比1∶1混合,经过100、200、400、600MPa高压预处理20min,在40、55、70、85℃水浴加热20min制成凝胶,研究了凝胶的质构特性、保水性及微观结构。结果表明,55℃加热制备的凝胶明显优于传统线性升温制备的凝胶,硬度、弹性、保水性分别提高了35.50%、27.71%、47.29%。微观观察发现,混合蛋白高压处理后,形成的凝胶结构均匀致密,然而过高的压力预处理对混合蛋白凝胶会产生破坏作用。     

大豆分离蛋白粉对面团流变学特性和馒头品质的影响研究

将大豆分离蛋白粉作为一种食品添加剂添加到小麦粉中,研究其对面团流变学特性和馒头品质的影响。实验结果得出,在小麦粉中添加大豆分离蛋白粉,可以明显地改善面团的稳定时间以及拉伸曲线面积和拉伸阻力。另外还可以提高馒头的品质,当在小麦粉中添加3%的大豆分离蛋白粉时,其对馒头品质有较好的改善作用。     

高压均质对大豆分离蛋白功能性质的影响

为了了解高压均质技术对大豆分离蛋白（SPI）功能性质的影响,采用不同的均质压力、均质次数和料液比对大豆分离蛋白溶液进行了高压均质处理,并分析处理前后SPI功能性质的变化.结果表明：高压均质可在一定程度上提高SPI的溶解性、乳化活性及其稳定性和起泡性及泡沫稳定性.均质压力在0～70 MPa的范围内升高时,SPI的溶解性、乳化稳定性、起泡性和泡沫稳定性得到了相应的改善,而乳化活性在压力为40 MPa时达到最高;均质次数由1次向3次增加时,SPI的乳化稳定性、起泡性及泡沫稳定性得到了提高,而溶解性和乳化活性则降低;均质物料料液比在1∶16～1∶8 （g∶mL）的范围内逐步增大时,SPI的各项功能性质均有不同程度的提高,并在料液比为1∶8时达到了最高值.     

Effects of limited enzymatic hydrolysis with pepsin and high-pressure homogenization on the functional properties of soybean protein isolate

Effects of limited enzymatic hydrolysis with pepsin and/or high-pressure homogenization in acid condition on the functional properties and structure characteristic of soybean protein isolate (SPI) were investigated. Functional properties, including protein solubility, surface hydrophobicity, particle size distribution, the ability of resisting freezing/thawing, foaming properties and dynamic surface properties were evaluated. Result showed that, single acid treatment could improve functional properties of SPI, but was not as effective as single or combined pepsin hydrolysis and high-pressure homogenization in acid condition. Emulsibility, the ability of resisting freezing/thawing and foaming capacity of soybean proteins were remarkably improved by the combination treatment, but no improvement of foaming stability was detected. Changes of structures were detected by surface hydrophobicity, and hydrodynamic diameter. It was found that aggregates existed in all treated samples. Besides, more flexible and soluble aggregates were observed in samples treated by limited pepsin proteolysis, high-pressure homogenization and the combination treatments, which might contribute to their functional properties.