大叶三七柄梗中挥发油成分分析及其生物活性的研究

目的:提取野生大叶三七柄梗中的挥发油,分析其挥发油中的组分,探讨其挥发油的生物活性,为开发利用这一资源提供科学依据。方法:用水蒸气蒸馏法从大叶三七柄梗中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其挥发油组分进行分离和结构确定,对大叶三七柄梗挥发油进行抗氧化和抗菌实验研究。结果:从大叶三七柄梗挥发油中鉴定出43个组分,占全油的96.12%,大叶三七柄梗挥发油有明显地抗氧化活性和抗菌活性。结论:大叶三七柄梗挥发油中含量较高的组分是2,6-二特丁基苯酚(20.99%),新植二烯(15.06%),降姥鲛-2-酮(6.60%),斯巴醇(4.26%),α-紫罗兰酮(4.02%)等。大叶三七柄梗挥发油对·OH有明显的清除作用,大叶三七柄梗挥发油对实验菌株均有明显的抑制和灭活作用特别是对大肠埃希菌CMCC44113和白色假丝酵母菌CMCC850216株的作用表现得更为显著。     

厚朴树叶中酚酸性物质的分离及研究

以陕南秦巴山区干燥的厚朴树叶为原料,提取树叶中的厚朴酚与和厚朴酚,并分离出挥发油,分析挥发油的组成。利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,采用GC-MS联用技术对厚朴挥发油的组分进行分离和鉴定,利用气相色谱面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量;利用碱提酸沉法、离心后获得厚朴酚类物质粗品,然后与硅胶按1∶1比例混合均匀,用石油醚进行索氏提取至无色,经旋转蒸发仪旋转得到厚朴酚晶体。从厚朴叶挥发油中鉴定出41种化合物,并将厚朴粗品经精制后,测得厚朴酚的熔点为101℃,和厚朴酚的熔点为86℃。厚朴叶挥发油中含量较高的组分为β—氧化石竹烯(32.0%),4—丙烯基苯酚(25.01%),喇叭醇(15.01%),龙脑香(12.01%)等。分离得到了较纯的起主要药用作用的化合物5,5′—二烯丙基—2,2′—联苯二酚(厚朴酚)和5,3′—二烯丙基-2,4′—联苯二酚(和厚朴酚)。     

野生糙苏籽挥发油化学成分的分析

用水蒸汽蒸馏法从野生糙苏籽中提取挥发油,利用气相色谱- 质谱联用技术对其挥发油中的化学成分进行分离和结构鉴定,运用气相色谱面积归一化法确定各个成分的相对百分含量。从糙苏籽的挥发油中鉴出56 种成分,其主要成分为α- 里哪醇(13.38%)、石竹烯氧化物(11.21%)、1- 辛烯-3- 醇(8.38%)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(8.22%)、亚麻酸乙酯(6.21%)等。对糙苏籽的挥发油进行了抗氧化实验和抗菌实验,结果表明糙苏籽挥发油对·OH 有明显的清除作用,糙苏籽的挥发油对实验菌株均有明显的抑制和灭活作用,特别是大肠杆菌ATCC25922 株和肺炎球菌32201 株的抑制作用表现得更为显著。     

不同季节厚朴树叶挥发性物质分析及其抗氧化活性的研究

为了利用厚朴树叶中所含的天然香料及药用成分,厚朴树叶经过加工可将其用做方便卫生的食品包装材料。对秦巴山区春秋两季的厚朴树叶中的挥发性物质采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发性物质进行分离和结构鉴定,运用气相色谱面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量,分离出41种组分,鉴定出40种化合物。秦巴山区春秋两季厚朴树叶中的挥发性物质存在差异,其主要组分含量秋季较春季也有较大变化。体外抗氧化实验表明,春秋两季厚朴树叶挥发性物质对·OH均有明显的清除作用,秋季厚朴树叶挥发性物质对·OH的清除作用更为显著。     

樗叶花椒叶精油化学成分分析及其抗氧化活性测定

用水蒸气蒸馏法提取产自贵州的樗叶花椒叶精油,气相色谱-质谱联用法分离并分析鉴定其成分及相对含量,并研究精油的抗氧化活性和在模拟体外胃液条件下对亚硝酸根离子的清除率。在鉴定出的52 种化合物中,主要成分为α-水芹烯（21.87%）、桉叶醇（13.12%）、（－）-松油烯-4-醇（9.55%）、γ-萜品烯（8.25%）、α-萜品烯（6.50%）、（－）-α-松油醇（6.31%）等;通过测定樗叶花椒叶精油对超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基、2,2-二苯基-1-苦味肼基（2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基和亚硝酸根离子的清除作用,研究精油体外抗氧化活性。结果表明：樗叶花椒叶精油对超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基、DPPH自由基和亚硝酸根离子均有显著的清除活性,是一种天然的抗氧化剂和清除亚硝酸根离子的活性物质。     

胶东半岛艾蒿精油化学成分分析及其抗菌活性研究

对胶东半岛地区艾蒿的挥发油采用水蒸气蒸馏,索氏提取及超临界CO2三种方法提取,对其化学成分进行了研究,鉴定了31种活性物质,其中超临界CO2方法提取的艾蒿油活性成分种类和含量均高于水蒸气蒸馏法和索氏提取法。采用琼脂扩散法和微量肉汤稀释法对提取艾蒿油的抗菌活性进行了研究,以大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和黄曲霉菌为供试菌种,结果表明上述三种提取方法所得艾蒿油对于所选的3种菌种均有良好的抗菌活性,尤对大肠杆菌抑制性最强,最低的抗菌浓度是0.1%(V/V)。     

茶树枝中挥发性成分及其抗菌试验的研究

水蒸气蒸馏法从茶树嫩枝中提取挥发油，用气相色谱-质谱联用孜术对其挥发油化学成分进行分离和结构鉴定，从茶树嫩枝挥发油中总共分离出38个组分，鉴定出37个组分，运用气相色谱面积归一化法确定各个组分的相对百分含量。其挥发油主要组分是石竹烯（15．65％），3-己烯-1-醇（10．69％），α-里哪醇（8．53％），5，6-环氧-α-紫罗兰酮（7．23％），β-环柠檬醛（6．17％）等。对茶树嫩枝挥发油做了抗茵试验，其挥发油对试验菌株有明显的抑制和灭活作用。     

糙苏叶子挥发油成分及其生物活性的研究

用水蒸气蒸馏法从新鲜的糙苏叶中提取挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油中的化学成分进行分离和结构鉴定,运用气相色谱面积归一化法确定各个成分的相对百分含量。从新鲜糙苏叶挥发油中鉴定出53种成分,其主要成分为α-里哪醇（16.48%）、1-辛烯-3-醇（9.37%）、表蓝桉醇（7.63%）、苯乙酮（7.51%）、马鞭草烯酮（7.32%）等。对糙苏叶挥发油进行了抗氧化实验和抗菌实验,结果表明,糙苏叶挥发油对.OH有明显的清除作用,糙苏叶挥发油对实验菌株均有明显的抑制和灭活作用,特别是对肠炎沙门菌50040株的抗菌活性表现得更为显著。      

交东半岛艾蒿精油化学成分分析及其抗菌活性研究

对胶东半岛地区艾蒿的挥发油采用水蒸气蒸馏,索氏提取及超临界CO2三种方法提取,对其化学成分进行了研究,鉴定了31种活性物质,其中超临界CO2方法提取的艾蒿油活性成分种类和含量均高于水蒸气蒸馏法和索氏提取法。采用琼脂扩散法和微量肉汤稀释法对提取艾蒿油的抗菌活性进行了研究,以大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和黄曲霉菌为供试菌种,结果表明上述三种提取方法所得艾蒿油对于所选的3种菌种均有良好的抗菌活性,尤对大肠杆菌抑制性最强,最低的抗菌浓度是0．1％（V／V）。     

茼蒿挥发油化学成分分析

利用气相色谱-质谱联用法对茼蒿挥发油成分进行了分析,经毛细管色变分离出了38种组分,并确认了32种成分,检出率达84.21%,并用气相色谱面积归一化法测定了各种成分的相对百分含量,其主要成分为4-甲基-2-戊烯、4-甲基-2,3-二氢呋喃、β-蒎烯、苯甲醛等。     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Anzer tea essential oil

Anzer tea (Thymus praecox, subsp. caucasicus var. caucasicus) naturally grows in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. Anzer tea, a creeping plant with crimson‐pink flowers, is important for honey production in the region. In the present study, content, composition and antimicrobial properties of Anzer tea's essential oil were investigated. Essential oil content of dried aerial plant parts varied between 1.53% and 2.05%. Essential oil composition was studied by means of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and 26 components were identified. The major components were thymol (47.45%), γ‐terpinene (8.73%), p‐cymene (8.30%), terpinyl acetate (4.88%) and carvacrol (4.66%). Essential oil was also screened for its antibacterial activity. In a screen for antibacterial activity, Anzer tea essential oil had significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil obtained via supercritical fluid extraction

The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil-rich fractions obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction from Rosmarinus officinalis L. were investigated. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis of these fractions resulted in the identification of 33 compounds of the essential oil. The main components of these fractions were alpha-pinene, 1,8-cineole, camphor, verbenone, and borneol, constituting ca. 80% of the total oil. The antimicrobial activity was investigated by the disc diffusion and broth dilution methods against six microbial species, including gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), a yeast (Candida albicans), and a fungus (Aspergillus niger). All of the essential oil-rich fractions obtained showed antimicrobial activity against all of the microorganisms tested, with inhibition zones and minimal bactericidal and fungicidal concentration values in the range of 17 to 33 mm and 2.25 to 0.25 mg/ml, respectively. The most active fraction was the one obtained in experiment 4 (4% ethanol as modifier; extraction pressure, 25 MPa; extraction temperature, 60 degrees C). S. aureus was found to be the most sensitive bacteria to the rosemary extracts, whereas the least susceptible was A. niger. alpha-Pinene, 1,8-cineole, camphor, verbenone, and borneol standards also showed antimicrobial activity against all the microorganisms tested, borneol being the most effective followed by camphor and verbenone. In that way, it was confirmed that essential oil from experiment 4, with the best antimicrobial activity, presented the highest quantity of camphor, borneol, and verbenone.     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Coriandrum sativum

The essential oil from leaves of Coriandrum sativum L. (Apiaceae), obtained by hydro-distillation was analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and also evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity. Out of 27 peaks, 24 components, which constitute 92.7%, were identified in the oil. The oil was dominated by aldehydes and alcohols which accounted for 56.1% and 46.3% of the oil, respectively. The major constituents were 2E-decenal (15.9%), decanal (14.3%), 2E-decen-1-ol (14.2%) and n-decanol (13.6%). Other constituents present in fairly good amounts are 2E-tridecen-1-al (6.75%), 2E-dodecenal (6.23%), dodecanal (4.36%), undecanol (3.37%), and undecanal (3.23%). The oil was screened for antimicrobial activity against both Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp.) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosae) bacteria and a pathogenic fungus, Candida albicans. The oil showed pronounced antibacterial and antifungal activity against all of the microbes tested, except for P. aeruginosae, which showed resistance.     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Tarchonanthus camphoratus

The essential oil of Tarchonanthus camphoratus (Asteraceae), obtained by hydro-distillation, was analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and also evaluated for antimicrobial activity. Out of 45 peaks representing 99.8% of the oil, 38 components which constitute 95.8% of the total oil were identified. The oil was dominated by monoterpenes, which accounted for 80.9% of the oil. This study indicates the presence of a high percentage of oxygenated monoterpenes (62.3%), of which the main constituents were fenchol (15.9%), 1,8-cineole (14.3%) and α-terpineol (13.2%). Other monoterpenes present in fairly good amounts were α-pinene (6.87%), trans-pinene hydrate (6.51%), terpinen-4-ol (4.74%) and camphene (3.76%). The oil was screened for antimicrobial activity against both Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus ssp.) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis) bacteria and a pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. Except for P. aeruginosa, which showed resistance, the oil had pronounced antibacterial and antifungal activities.     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Thymus algeriensis,Eucalyptus globulus and Rosmarinus officinalis from Morocco

BACKGROUND: The present study reports on the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) of Thymus algeriensis, Eucalyptus globulus and Rosmarinus officinalis from Morocco. RESULTS: The composition of these species was analysed by GC‐MS, and 65 components were identified. Eucalyptus globulus EO showed a great similarity with EOs from other regions, with 1,8‐cineole (79.85%) the major component. Also rich in this constituent was Rosmarinus officinalis (43.99%). However, the chemical profile of Thymus algeriensis was rather different, and for the first time such a high content of borneol (23.48%) has been described in this EO. The antimicrobial activity of these species has also been studied against seven pathogenic and spoiling bacteria of significant importance. According to the results, Thymus algeriensis showed the best bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect, followed by Eucalyptus globulus and Rosmarinus officinalis. CONCLUSIONS: As far as we know this is the first time that minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration values have been reported for Eucalyptus globulus EO. Our data support the possible use of this EO as well as Thymus algeriensis EO, as potential natural agents in preservatives for food and pharmaceutical products. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Amomum tsao‐ko

BACKGROUND: The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the dried fruits of Amomum tsao‐ko was analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated against 16 micro‐organisms using agar disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. RESULTS: Seventy‐three compounds, constituting about 97.56% of the total oil, were identified. The main components were 1,8‐cineole (45.24%), ρ‐propylbenzaldehyde (6.04%), geraniol (5.11%), geranial (4.52%), α‐terpineol (3.59%) and α‐phellandrene (3.07%). The essential oil showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against all the tested micro‐organisms, including Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, and fungi. The oil exerted the strongest bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus CCTCC AB91118, with minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of 0.20 g L^?1. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that the Amomum tsao‐ko essential oil could be one of new medicinal resources for antibacterial and antifungal agents. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

竹叶精油组分构成及其抑菌活性的研究

目的研究竹叶精油的化学组分构成,并考察其体外抑菌活性。方法以食品常见腐败菌(枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和酿酒酵母)作为供试菌,采用平板打孔法对竹叶精油的抑菌活性进行研究;并通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术对竹叶精油的组分构成进行分析鉴定。结果竹叶精油共鉴定出41个化合物,含量占挥发性成分总量的97.36%,主要成分为棕榈酸(19.35%)、植物醇(10.54%)和二十五烷(9.89%)等。竹叶精油对4种供试菌株均有抑制作用,研究发现大肠杆菌是最敏感的,其最小抑菌浓度为0.56 mg/mL。结论本研究可为竹叶精油在食品工业中的深入利用提供一定的理论技术支持。     

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of carrot fruit essential oil: Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity

Isolation of carrot fruit (Daucus carrota L., cultivar “Chanteney”) essential oil by supercritical carbon dioxide was investigated from the pretreatment of herbaceous matrix and extraction conditions to the chemical composition of obtained extract and its antimicrobial activity. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of the supercritical extract, as well as of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation, were done by GC/FID and GC/MS methods. Antimicrobial properties of both samples were investigated against ten species of microorganisms. Experimental results showed that the particle size had no influence on the extraction process. The highest yield was obtained at 40 °C and 10 MPa. The main component of the supercritical extract, as well as of the essential oil was carotol. The supercritical extract was characterized by the presence of heavier molecular weight compounds, while some lighter compounds, e.g. pinenes, were not detected. The supercritical extract and the essential oil were the most effective against Gram-positive bacteria.     

Chemical composition,cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of the leaf essential oil of Photinia serrulata

The leaf essential oil of Photinia serrulata was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Seventy-one components were identified in the essential oil and the main components of the oil were 10-epi-γ-eudesmol (12.72%), pinene (6.85%), sabinene (5.93%), α-humulene (5.87%) and α-thujene (5.47%). The in vitro cytotoxicity of the oil on human cancer cell lines Hela, A-549 and Bel-7402 was examined. The oil was found to be very active against all the three human tumor cell lines tested with low IC₅₀ of 0.0427 μl/ml (Hela), 0.0219 μl/ml (A-549) and 0.0301 μl/ml (Bel-7402). The oil was also found to possess antioxidant activity as demonstrated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method.     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Lippia grandis Schauer (Verbenaceae) from the western Amazon

Lippia grandis Schauer is an aromatic plant that has been used as a spice in Brazilian culinary and in traditional medicine to treat liver disease, disorders of the stomach and throat infections. We determined the chemical composition of the essential oil of L. grandis and evaluated its potential for the treatment of clinically-important pathogenic micro-organisms. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), giving carvacrol (37.12%), ρ-cymene (11.64%), and thymol (7.83%) as the main components. The agar disk diffusion method of the essential oil was effective against 75% of the micro-organisms analyzed, in particular, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration was 0.57 mg/ml for E. faecalis and 1.15 mg/ml for all the other strains. The results indicate that the essential oil of L. grandis contains chemical compounds with good potential for the treatment of infections.