Damping forced oscillations in power system via interline power flow controller with additional repetitive control

With the continuous expansion of power systems and the application of power electronic equipment, forced oscillation has become one of the key problems in terms of system safety and stability. In this paper, an interline power flow controller (IPFC) is used as a power suppression carrier and its mechanism is analyzed using the linearized state-space method to improve the system damping ratio. It is shown that although the IPFC can suppress forced oscillation with well-designed parameters, its capability of improving the system damping ratio is limited. Thus, combined with the repetitive control method, an additional repetitive controller (ARC) is proposed to further dampen the forced power oscillation. The ARC control scheme is characterized by outstanding tracking performance to a system steady reference value, and the main IPFC controller with the ARC can provide higher damping, and further reduce the amplitude of oscillations to zero compared with a supplementary damping controller (SDC). Simulation results show that the IPFC with an ARC can not only greatly reduce the oscillation amplitude, but also actively output the compensation power according to the reference value of the ARC tracking system.     

汽车控制器电源系统的抗扰性设计

汽车电子技术的发展带来了汽车电磁兼容问题,其中,控制器的电源系统抗干扰设计对保证汽车稳定和可靠运行具有非常重要的意义。通过对国标GB/T 21437.2-2008规定的5种脉冲干扰波形的深入分析,将瞬变脉冲对控制器的稳定运行造成干扰归结为两个重要原因:持续期短的尖峰干扰和长时间的电压跌落。针对这两个原因,设计了汽车控制器电源系统的抗干扰电路,设计的电源系统抗干扰电路性能达到了相应国标中严酷度A级等级的要求,并且控制器经过近2年的实际装车稳定运行,表明所设计的电源系统抗干扰电路具有足够的电磁兼容性能。     

TCSC controller design for damping interarea oscillations

The thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC), a prominent FACTS device, can rapidly modulate the impedance of a transmission line, resulting in improvement of power system performance. The purpose of the work reported in this paper is to design a controller to damp interarea oscillations. The authors have applied the residue method to linearized power system equations and obtained a generalized form which is suitable for different controller input/output channels and therefore suitable for different control devices. This method, together with modal sensitivities, is applied to TCSCs to determine the location, feedback signal and controller design. The damping result is illustrated by comparing changes in damping ratio and identifying the increase of transfer capacity     

Robust SVC controller design for improving power system damping

The design of a robust controller for a static VAr compensator (SVC) to improve the damping of a power system is presented. The main contributions of the paper are to formulate and to solve the power system damping control problem using robust optimization techniques, and to synthesize the controller with explicit consideration of the system operating condition variations. Nonlinear simulations using the PSCAD/EMTDC software packages have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the closed-loop system. The results have indicated that the designed controller can provide positive damping to the system under a wide range of operating conditions     

Damping of power system oscillations with output feedback and stripeigenvalue assignment

This paper presents a modified optimal controller for an interconnected power system. The design method does not need the specification of weighting matrices. The eigenvalues of electromechanical and exciter modes would be shifted to a prespecified vertical strip. For practical implementation, the design method only uses partial output feedback. For demonstrating the effectiveness of damping enhancement, eigenvalue analysis and nonlinear simulation results are used to show that the proposed controller gives significant improvement in the dynamic performance of the interconnected power system     

Improved fuzzy logic controller for SVC in power system damping using global signals

Static Var Compensator (SVC) is a shunt-type FACTS device, which is used in power systems primarily for the purpose of voltage and reactive power control. In this paper, an improved fuzzy logic-based supplementary controller for SVC is developed for damping the rotor angle oscillations and to improve the stability of the power system. The generator speed and the electrical power are chosen as global input signals for the proposed fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control is demonstrated with single-machine infinite bus (SMIB) system, three-machine nine-bus WSCC system and New England 10-machine system, which shows the improvement over the use of a fixed parameter controller and existing FLC.     

Mode selective damping of power system electromechanical oscillations for large power systems using supplementary remote signals

This paper presents the design of local decentralized power system stabilizer (PSS) controllers, using selected suitable remote signals as supplementary inputs, for a separate better damping of specific inter-area modes, for large-scale power systems. System identification technique is used for deriving lower order state-space models suitable for control design. The lower-order model is identified by probing the network in open loop with low-energy pulses or random signals. The identification technique is then applied to signal responses, generated by time-domain simulations of the large-scale model, to obtain reduced-order model. Lower-order equivalent models, thus obtained, are used to design each local PSS controller separately for each of the inter-area modes of interest. The PSS controller uses only those local and remote input signals in which the assigned single inter-area mode is most observable and is located at a generator which is most effective in controlling that mode. The PSS controller, designed for a particular single inter-area mode, also works mainly in a frequency band given by the natural frequency of the assigned mode. The locations of the local PSS controllers are obtained based on the amplitude gains of the frequency responses of the best-suited measurement to the inputs of all generators in the interconnected system. For the selection of suitable local and supplementary remote input signals, the features or measurements from the whole system are pre-selected first by engineering judgment and then using a clustering feature selection technique. Final selection of local and remote input signals is based on the degree of observability of the considered single mode in them. To provide robust behavior, H_∞ control theory together with an algebraic Riccati equation approach has been applied to design the controllers. The effectiveness of the resulting PSS controllers is demonstrated through digital simulation studies conducted on a sixteen-machine, three-area test power system.     

Damping control of inter-area oscillations in the European power system using aggregated models

In the first part of the paper, a new approach to the reduction of large dynamic network models is presented. This method is implemented in the program package PSD and is used here in an exemplary fashion to reduce the model of the European power system to a model usable for the solution of a number of problems. In the second part, the paper describes a new damping concept of inter-area oscillations in large power systems. Additionally installed second-level damping controllers are acting on the voltage regulator reference inputs of selected generators. They are using global information about the swing profiles of the inter-area oscillations to be damped. The damping controllers are designed as a H_∞-norm optimal decentral control system based on both a topological and a frequency range decomposition of the control task. The solution is demonstrated for the reduced model of the European system. Received: 30 April 2001/Accepted: 8 June 2001     

分布式潮流控制器的阻尼控制研究

分布式潮流控制器(distributed power flow controller, DPFC)具有很好的潮流调控性能和安装运维便捷性,已在国内外多个工程进行示范应用。为分析DPFC的阻尼作用机理,基于简单电力系统,构建了含DPFC的系统方程。以表征DPFC子单元对系统调制深度的DPFC输出电压幅值和相角为控制变量,推导了含DPFC简单电力系统的线性化状态方程。构建了DPFC输出电压幅值和相角对系统发电机的电角速度增量、交轴暂态电动势以及强制空载电动势控制作用的表达式。提出了DPFC具备阻尼转速变化能力的判据,得出了当DPFC总输出电压往容性电压方向增大时,系统阻尼也会随之增大的结论。在DPFC输出电压控制环节的基础上,设计了基于相位补偿的DPFC附加阻尼控制器。仿真结果验证了所提方法可以将发散的振荡在较短时间内有效拉回新的稳定点。     

A decentralized nonlinear feedback controller with prescribed degree of stability for damping power system oscillations

Nonlinear feedback linearization techniques are being used for transforming nonlinear power system dynamics into closed loop systems, whose dynamics are linear over wide range of operating conditions. This facilitates use of linear techniques for designing feedback controllers to damp out oscillations. The advantage of using such feedback controllers is that they do not depend on the system operating conditions unlike the conventional controllers, for example a conventional power system stabilizer. A nonlinear feedback law is proposed in this work, which converts a nonlinear power system into closed loop decentralized linear time varying systems. A feedback controller has been designed using linear quadratic regulator with prescribed degree of stability to stabilize the decentralized linear time varying systems. The performance of the proposed method has been tested on a 16-machine, 68-bus system representing interconnected New England Test system (NETS) and New York Power System (NYPS).     

Sliding mode controller design for frequency regulation in an interconnected power system

In this paper, a Sliding mode controller design method for frequency regulation in an interconnected power system is presented. A sliding surface having four parameters has been selected for the load frequency control (LFC) system model. In order to achieve an optimal result, the parameter of the controller is obtained by grey wolf optimization (GWO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) techniques. The objective function for optimization has been considered as the integral of square of error of deviation in frequency and tie-line power exchange. The method has been validated through simulation of a single area as well as a multi-area power system. The performance of the Sliding mode controller has also been analyzed for parametric variation and random loading patterns. The performance of the proposed method is better than recently reported methods. The performance of the proposed Sliding mode controller via GWO has 88.91% improvement in peak value of frequency deviation over the method of Anwar and Pan in case study 1 and similar improvement has been observed over different case studies taken from the literature.     

Adaptive excitation controller design for a turbogenerator in a multimachine power system

Contents An adaptive control procedure using state feedback is applied to a generator in a multimachine power system for the purpose of placing in a desired manner the eigenvalues of the linearized model of the controlled synchronous generator. The simulation results of the study show that the adaptive regulator performs satisfactorily in a multimachine environment, when operating in conjunction with the conventional regulators of the other system generators.

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Entwurf eines adaptiven Reglers für die Erregung eines Turbogenerators im Mehrmaschinensystem

Übersicht Für einen Generator in einem Mehrmaschinen-system wird ein adaptives Verfahren mit Zustandsgrößenrückführung angewendet, das zur Polvorgabe im linearisierten Modell des geregelten Synchrongenerators dient. Die Ergebnisse der Simulation zeigen ein zufriedenstellendes Verhalten des adaptiven Reglers in der Mehrmaschinenumgebung, wobei die anderen Generatoren im System mit konventionellen Reglern arbeiten.

     

基于Riccati法的舰船电力系统鲁棒励磁控制研究

介绍了鲁棒控制器设计的Riccati方法，建立了单台发电机工作的典型工况下舰船电力系统的数学模型，并按鲁棒控制理论对状态反馈控制进行了研究。仿真研究取得了较为满意的结果。     

wMPS测量系统中的新型电源控制箱设计

设计了为室内空间测量定位系统(w MPS)供电的新型电源控制箱。该电源控制箱从机械结构上进行了优化,能够实现工业现场的快速布站,同时引入无线控制功能,完善了通讯协议,可以及时准确监控测量系统的运行状态。实验结果表明,该设计大大提高了测量系统的便携灵活性,并可通过无线功能配套相关协议,实时监控测量系统状态,为测量系统的可靠运行提供必要的技术保障。     

Battery energy storage-based system damping controller for alleviating sub-synchronous oscillations in a DFIG-based wind power plant

This paper presents the issue of the Sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) phenomenon in a series compensated DFIGbased wind power plant and its alleviation using a Battery Energy Storage-based Damping Controller (BESSDCL). A supplementary damping signal is developed considering the angular speed deviation and is incorporated into the BESS control system. Wide-area Measurement System data is used to determine the angular speed deviation. A linearized system model is developed to perform eigenvalue analysis, and to detect and examine unstable SSR modes. The variation of wind speed and three-phase fault are also taken into consideration to validate the robustness of the controller. To further verify the efcacy of the proposed damping controller, time-domain simulations are performed using MATLAB/Simulink. The application of the proposed BESSDCL stabilizes all the unstable system modes efectively at wind speeds of 7 m/s, 9 m/s, and 11 m/s, and at 40%, 50%, and 60% series compensation levels, as well three-phase fault conditions.     

Damping representation for power system stability studies

The paper includes a review and summary of the actual damping in electric power systems and the methods for modeling such damping in the various computer programs used to study power system stability. It is concluded that great care is required in both software development and program application to avoid serious errors in the study of power system stability. Judgment is often required for reasonable modeling of damping. Recommendations are provided to guide the power system stability practitioner, and research activities are recommended     

Cuckoo Search algorithm based load frequency controller design for nonlinear interconnected power system

A new optimization technique called Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm for optimum tuning of PI controllers for Load Frequency Control (LFC) is suggested in this paper. A time domain based-objective function is established to robustly tune the parameters of PI-based LFC which is solved by the CS algorithm to attain the most optimistic results. A three-area interconnected system is investigated as a test system under various loading conditions where system nonlinearities are taken into account to confirm the effectiveness of the suggested algorithm. Simulation results are introduced to show the enhanced performance of the developed CS based controllers in comparison with Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and conventional integral controller. These results denote that the proposed controllers offer better performance over others in terms of settling times and various indices.     

利用LMI技术设计多机系统TCSC鲁棒控制器

可控串联电容补偿器(TCSC)装设在高压线路上可改善系统的暂态稳定性,提高线路的传输容量。指出传统的H∞控制理论在电力系统中的应用需要计算Gamma迭代的优化问题,而线性矩阵不等式(LMI)技术为多个目标控制器的设计提供了新途径,设计指标与约束条件等可表达成LMI形式,可用有效的凸优化算法得到精确解答。提出了借鉴有极点区域配置约束的混合H2/H∞问题的LMI解法,设计了应用于多机系统的TCSC的鲁棒控制器。应用安德森3机9节点系统模型测试了所提方法的鲁棒性,在测试了小规模突发事件仿真、小规模突发事件的鲁棒TCSC控制器性能的结果后表明,TCSC控制器利用LMI方法可实现鲁棒稳定和快速反应。     

A robust adaptive LQG/LTR TCSC controller applied to damp power system oscillations

This paper investigates the use of self-tuning Linear Quadratic Gaussian control with Loop Transfer Recovery (LQG/LTR), applied in Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitors (TCSC) installed in interconnected power systems. The proposed robust adaptive controller can improve power system stability margins, damping properly the system's dominant electromechanical modes. Although this TCSC controller is designed mainly to identify and damp inter-area modes, it does not affect negatively the local modes damping, therefore enhancing the overall system performance. The proposed controller properties can be verified using non-linear simulations for a four-machine power system, in different operation conditions.     

一种新型电力系统稳定控制装置

提出了一种新型FACTS装置--多功能柔性功率调节器(FPC),它将飞轮储能技术和传统的同步调相技术有机地结合在一起,同时采用交流励磁和矢量控制等先进技术进行控制.这种装置具有储能、发电、调相等多种功能,将其用于电力系统的稳定性控制,可实现动态有功功率和无功功率同时双向大范围的快速调节,具有增强电力系统稳定性的能力.详细论述了柔性功率调节器的工作原理,建立了装置的稳态等值电路模型,分析了装置在不同运行方式下的功率传递关系.同时,还介绍了FPC的一个主要组成部分--基于SPWM的双VSC变频控制器以及三相SVC的矢量控制原理.用数字仿真的方法研究了FPC与电网进行四象限功率交换的特性.最后,用一个单机无穷大系统,通过仿真分析,验证了FPC所具有的巨大的稳定电力系统的能力.