金属材料夏比冲击试样V型缺口的测量精度

金属材料夏比冲击试样V型缺口测量不规范导致冲击试验测试值严重失准,比例图形绘制的精度及正确画法是保证冲击试样尺寸和形状完全满足GB/T229-2007规定的重要手段,因此要严格控制夏比冲击试样V型缺口的测量精度,用于缺口投影仪检验缺口质量和加工精度的标准公差带图形的绘制要统一标准。     

标准冲击试样在仪器化摆锤冲击试验机检定中的应用

通过分析仪器化摆锤冲击试验方法的测试结果,研究标准冲击试样在仪器化摆锤冲击试验机(以下简称试验机)间接检定中的适用性.对比冲击过程的特征曲线和标准试样的吸收能量,结果表明利用夏比V型缺口标准冲击试样对仪器化摆锤冲击试验机进行间接检定,更加科学合理.     

也谈夏比(V型缺口)冲击试样缺口顶角至背面长度的测量

《理化检验·物理分册》1992年第1期刊登了夏比(V型缺口)冲击试样缺口顶角至背面长度的测量(以下简称《夏比》一文,笔者准备按该文方法加工一块规,但经仔细分析《夏比》一文有以下不妥处,现提出与大家共同商榷。 1 《夏比》中提出的测量注意事项,在实际工作中是较难满足要求的。由于试样V型缺口的顶角要求为45°±2°,试样的顶角为43°±15°,这样实际加工的试样V型缺口的顶角必然大于块规的顶角,这样块规顶角装入试样V型缺口后就不可能靠拢、靠紧,也难保证测量时块规底面至顶角的轴线与试样V型缺口顶角至试样背面棱线的垂直线重合。 为了达到《夏比》中测量注意事项的要求,应当设计一组块规,即43°、45°、47°,使用中根据试样V型缺口的角度来选择相应角度的块规。 2 试样V型缺口顶角结构应为R0.25±0.025mm,因此块规的顶角结构不能是尖角,也应加工成R0.25mm左右的圆角。 3 根据GB2106-80《金属夏比(V型缺口)冲击试验方法》要求,检查试验尺寸用的量具精度不应低于     

摆锤刀刃半径对夏比V型冲击吸收能量的影响

为研究不同尺寸摆锤刀刃锤头对冲击试验结果的影响,采用刀刃圆角半径分别为2mm和8mm的锤头对多种材料进行夏比V型冲击试验,并从吸收能量、断口形貌等方面分析V型缺口试样在2mm摆锤刀刃下的冲击吸收能量K_(V2)与8mm摆锤刀刃下的冲击吸收能量K_(V8)的变化规律,研究摆锤刀刃尺寸对夏比V型冲击吸收能量的影响。结果表明:在韧脆转变温度曲线上平台区和转变区(塑性断口)范围内,K_(V8)大于K_(V2);在转变区(脆性断口)范围内,K_(V2)大于K_(V8);在下平台区,KV8与K_(V2)几乎相等。     

GB/T 229-2007关于夏比V型缺口冲击试样几何参数的规定及其加工方法

现行的冲击试验标准GB/T 229-2007,对夏比V型缺口冲击试样几何参数的规定较1994年颁发的旧标准GB/T 229—1994变化较大,通过将新标准、旧标准以及美标ASTM E23—02a对冲击试样几何参数的规定进行对比分析,认为GB/T 229-2007相比GB/T 229-1994对夏比V型缺口冲击试样几何参数的放宽和规定更加科学、合理。另外还对目前夏比V型缺口冲击试样的几种加工方法进行了比较分析,认为组合机床是冲击试样加工设备的发展方向。     

试样厚度对夏比冲击试验结果的影响

通过不同温度下的夏比摆锤冲击试验对非标准小尺寸V型缺口冲击试样的冲击吸收能量和侧膨胀值进行了分析,并结合力-位移曲线,研究了试样厚度对冲击试验结果的影响。结果表明:当试验温度高于韧脆转变温度时,冲击吸收能量与试样的横截面积有关,因此与厚度呈线性关系;而低于韧脆转变温度时,冲击吸收能量与试样厚度之间没有明显关系;试样的侧膨胀值、剪切断面率与厚度之间没有直接联系。随着试样厚度的减小,不稳定裂纹扩展起始力越来越小,从而导致冲击吸收能量减小。厚度越大试样吸收的能量越多,冲击过程中所受到的最大力也越大。     

零度冲击吸收能量对ZG06Gr13Ni4Mo不锈钢强韧性的影响

ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo不锈钢经不同热处理工艺处理后,对其进行了拉伸试验、夏比(V型缺口)零度冲击吸收能量试验、韧脆转变温度检测,分析了零度冲击吸收能量同其他力学性能指标的相关性。结果表明:并不是零度冲击吸收能量越高越好,当零度冲击吸收能量高于149.1J后,随着冲击吸收能量增高,强度、硬度会降低,甚至达不到该材料的指标要求,只有零度冲击吸收能量控制在适当的范围内,该材料才具有较好的强韧性。     

标准冲击试样在摆锤冲击试验检定中的应用

通过比较夏比V型缺口标准冲击试样和弧形标准冲击试样在不同工况下的检定结果,研究不同类型的标准冲击试样在摆锤冲击试验机间接检定过程中的适用性。对比分析摆锤冲击试验机的整机刚性、地基情况以及仪器化冲击试验机实验曲线的特征参数,结果表明使用夏比V型缺口标准冲击试样进行间接检定更加科学合理。     

HQ785C钢示波冲击特性的缺口效应研究

采用示波冲击试验方法，研究了ＨＱ７８５Ｃ钢的夏比Ｖ型缺口、线切割缺口和预疲劳裂纹３种类型试样在冲击断裂过程中各部分能量与温度的关系。分析了各部分能量随温度变化的规律。试验结果表明，预疲劳裂纹试样的脆性转变温度比线切割缺口试样和夏比Ｖ型缺口试样分别提高约２０℃和４０℃。     

金属材料试样制备与力学性能试验结果的相关性第三讲试验标准对力学性能试验试样机加工的具体要求(续)

4．2国家标准对冲击试样机加工的要求 GB／T229—1994标准规定了V型缺口和U型缺口两大类共计三种标准试样,如图27～29所示,其中U型缺口标准夏比冲击试样又分为两种。     

Performance Verification of Impact Machines for Testing Plastics

Valid comparison of impact test energies reported by various organizations and over time depends on consistent performance of impact test machines. This paper investigates the influence of various specimen and test parameters on impact energies in the 1 J to 2 J range for both Charpy V-notch and Izod procedures, leading toward the identification of a suitable material for use in a program to verify machine performance. We investigated the influences on the absorbed energy of machine design, test material, specimen cross sectional area, and machine energy range. For comparison to published round robin data on common plastics, this study used some common metallic alloys, including those used in the international verification program for metals impact machines and in informal calibration programs of tensile machines. The alloys that were evaluated include AISI type 4340 steel, and five aluminum alloys: 2014-T6, 2024-T351, 2219-T87, 6061-T6, and 7075-T6. We found that certain metallic alloys have coefficients of variation comparable to those of the best plastics that are reported in the literature. Also, we found that the differences in absorbed energy between two designs of machines are smaller than the differences that can be attributed to the specimens alone.     

Development of an SMA electrode to match type 316LN base metal cryogenic properties

A series of shielded metal arc electrodes was fabricated and the mechanical properties of the resultant welds were measured. The compositions are based on a high Mn, high N version of a type 308 electrode, to which additional Mn, N, Ni and Mo were added. The strength was measured at 4, 76 and 298 K, and the Charpy V-notch absorbed energy was measured at 76 K. The strength of the welds matched or exceeded that strength of the base metal, but fell short of the Charpy V-notch absorbed energy.     

Strengthening behavior analysis of weld metal of laser hybrid welding for microalloyed steel

The weld metal with high strength and good toughness was obtained for medium thickness microalloyed steel by using high power laser hybrid welding technology. Mechanical properties of weld metal were evaluated by using room temperature tensile test and low temperature three-side Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact test. The results show that the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of weld metal are up to 713 MPa and 918 MPa, respectively. Both of them are almost 1.5 times higher than those of base metal. Under the strict three sides CVN condition, the −40 °C low temperature impact absorbed energy is up to 32 J and also higher than that of base metal. Weld metal predominately consists of granular bainite and carbon-free bainite. Both of them mainly contain lath morphology bainitic ferrite. The lath morphology bainitic ferrite with fine grain size plays an important role in higher strength. Dispersive carbide and high density dislocation are found in strengthening weld metal.     

Temperature dependence of the Dynamic Fracture Toughness and the specific impact energies of the alloy nimonic 86

Precracked Charpy V-notch specimens of the nickel base alloy Nimonic 86 in the as-received condition have been tested using an instrumented impact tester (hammer) in the temperature range 293 ≤ T/K ≤ 1223. The specific impact energies were determined by dial readings from the maximum angle of the afterswing after the impact, from the integration of the load versus time and the load versus load point displacement diagrams; in all cases the agreement was excellent. The specific impact energy and the impulse are correlated with the test temperature. The dynamic fracture toughness values were determined following the equivalent energy approach. While the temperature dependency of the specific impact energies and the impulses reveal a distinct maximum at T = 773 K (500°C) no such maximum in the temperature dependence of the dynamic fracture toughness was observed. The fracture surfaces show distinct elasto-plastic fracture behaviour of the material in the temperature regime investigated.     

A study on the low-velocity impact response of laminates for composite railway bodyshells

This paper presents a study on the low-velocity impact response of woven fabric laminates for the composite bodyshell of a tilting railway vehicle. In this study, low-velocity impact tests for the three laminates with size of 100 mm × 100 mm were conducted at three impact energy levels of 2.4 J, 2.7 J and 4.2 J. Based on these tests, the impact force, the absorbed energy and the damaged area were investigated according to different energy levels and stacking sequences. The damage area was evaluated by visual inspection and C-scan measurement. The test results showed that the absorbed energy of [fill]₈ laminate was highest whereas [fill₂/warp₂]_s laminate was lowest. The [fill]₈ laminate had the largest delamination area because of the highest impact energy absorption.     

不同摆锤刀刃对管线钢夏比冲击试验的影响及分析

为比较不同摆锤刀刃锤头对冲击试验结果的影响,采用8mm摆锤刀刃锤头和2mm摆锤刀刃锤头对X65管线钢进行系列夏比冲击试验,对测得的冲击能量进行比较分析。结果表明:在较高的能量范围内,采用8mm摆锤刀刃比采用2mm摆锤刀刃测得的冲击吸收能量高;随着试验温度的降低,两种不同摆锤刀刃下的冲击吸收能量值均逐渐减小,采用8 mm摆锤刀刃测得的冲击吸收能量下降更多;在较低的能量范围时,两者之间的差值变小;采用8 mm摆锤刀刃确定的韧脆转变温度高于采用2 mm摆锤刀刃确定的韧脆转变温度。     

Impact toughness in Al–12Si and Al–12Si–3Cu cast alloys—Part 1: Effect of process variables and microstructure

The charpy impact energy of Al–12Si and Al–12Si–3Cu cast alloys was measured in terms of the total absorbed energy. The standard charpy specimens 10×10×55 mm with a 2 mm V-notch were prepared from the castings. Effect of process variables and microstructural changes on the impact toughness of Al–12Si and Al–12Si–3Cu cast alloys was investigated. The results indicate that combined grain refined and modified Al–12Si–3Cu cast alloys have microstructures consisting of uniformly distributed α-Al dendrites, eutectic Al–Si and fine CuAl₂ particles in the interdendritic region. These alloys exhibited better impact toughness in the cast condition compared with the same alloy subjected to only grain refinement or modification.     

单层与多层苹果跌落冲击损伤研究

跌落冲击是导致果品机械损伤的主要因素.利用MTS886跌落冲击试验机进行单个与多层苹果的跌落试验测定,分析跌落冲击试验机的冲击过程特性,提出了果品跌落吸收能量的计算公式,得到了苹果跌落损伤体积、速度变化量与其吸收能量之间的关系.结果表明:单个苹果的损伤体积与其吸收的能量之间成线性关系,苹果的速度变化量与损伤体积之间成二次项关系;多层苹果的总损伤体积与其吸收总能量存在线性关系,而其中的单个苹果与其吸收的能量之间不存在线性关系.