涂料密度测定的不确定度评定

根据JJF 1059--1999,以铝粉沥青船底漆密度的测定为例,对涂料密度测定的不确定度进行了评定。结果表明:该涂料的密度ρ_23℃=1.227 6 g·mL^-1,相对扩展不确定度U_rel=0.05%,扩展不确定度U=0.000 7 g·mL^-1,包含因子k=2;该结果比GB/T 6750-2007《色漆和清漆密度的测定比重瓶法》给出的不确定度低一个数量级。     

酸值测定仪示值误差不确定度的评定

针对酸碱滴定法(颜色指示剂法)为原理的石油产品酸值测定仪的要求,使用酸值为(0.50±0.07)mg KOH·g^-1的酸值标准物质对其进行示值误差的测定,示值误差为+0.004 mg KOH·g^-1;重复性为0.003 mg KOH·g^-1;扩展不确定度为0.070 mg KOH·g^-1。通过对酸值测量结果示值误差的不确定度进行详细评定,提出提高酸值测定仪测量准确性的方案。     

人造板中甲醛释放量的测定及不确定度评估

采用GB/T 17657-2013《人造板及饰面人造板理化性能试验方法》中的干燥器法,对卫浴家具中人造板甲醛释放量的检测过程进行试验研究,并依据JJF 1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》分析影响甲醛释放量测定的各种不确定因素,量化和评定各不确定度分量。结果表明:甲醛释放量为(1.06±0.05)mg·L^-1,扩展不确定度的包含因子k＝2,其置信概率P=95％。经分析,由标准物质认定值和样品的重复测定引入的不确定度最大,其次为标准曲线拟合的变动性所引入的不确定度。     

离子色谱测定矿泉水中溴酸盐含量的不确定度评定

对矿泉水中溴酸盐含量进行测定,应用测量不确定度理论,分析构成测量不确定度的各分量并进行评定,通过计算给出扩展不确定度,得出离子色谱法测定矿泉水中溴酸盐含量在(0.005~0.025)mg/L范围的扩展不确定度:U=0.8μg/L(k=2)。     

罐式集装箱容积测量不确定度分析

分别采用几何测量法和容量比较法测量弧板式罐式集装箱容积,在建立数学模型的基础上,对测量结果的不确定度进行了分析计算,分别为4×10^-3（k=2）和2×10^-3（k=2）。对评定出的结果用试验加以验证,采用传递比较法计算分析试验数据,验证了不确定度评定的合理性。     

玻璃电极法测定薄浆类固体废物p H值的不确定度评定

据JJF 1059.1—2012 《测定不确定度评定与表示》和GB/T 15555.12—1995 《固体废物腐蚀性测定玻璃电极法》,测定薄浆类固体废物的pH值,建立不确定度的数学模型,分析不确定度来源,量化不确定度分量,评定了合成标准不确定度以及玻璃电极法测定固体废物浸出液pH值的不确定度。不确定度评定结果为pH=9.41±0.067,P=95%。     

氨气标准气分光光度法量值比对的不确定度评定

为研究所配制的氨气标准气体的重复性与稳定性,采用分光光度法对重量法配制的氨气标准气的浓度进行了量值比对,根据JJF1135-2005《化学分析测量不确定度评定》对测量过程进行不确定度评定。结果表明,配制浓度为17.7 mg/m³的氨气标准气体,比对结果为（17.6±0.4）mg/m³,k=2, 两者吻合较好,完全满足使用要求。     

一种基于扭秤的重力梯度动态测量方法

针对传统的扭秤式重力梯度仪测量准确度高,但稳定性差且测量效率低的问题进行了研究。引入动态调制方法,并将Z型扭秤结构应用于动态测量模式,实现重力水平梯度和重力曲率值的同时测量。在信号处理过程中使用旋转滤波和遗传算法,可有效消除扭摆自由振荡对目标峰值的影响并提取目标频率的幅值和相位。仿真实验结果表明,遗传算法从动态测量模式信号中提取目标重力梯度值引入的不确定度分量不超过0.007 7 E(1 E=10^-9/s²)。使用遗传算法进行数据后处理时,系统的测量不确定度评定为0.058 2 E。     

高效液相色谱法测定葡萄酒中苋菜红的不确定度评定

通过对高效液相色谱法测定葡萄酒中合成色素苋菜红质量浓度的全过程分析,确定了测定结果不确定度的来源。采用计量学不确定度传递模型,对引入的不确定度分量进行评定,确定了葡萄酒中苋菜红质量浓度标准不确定度由标准物质、标准溶液配制、标准曲线拟合、样品制备、测量重复性和回收率等6部分不确定度合成得到。2个不同质量浓度样品测定结果不确定度被评定,其相对扩展不确定度分别为2.6%和2.2%（k=2）,由不确定度评价结果分析得到,样品重复性测定和标准溶液配制是测定结果不确定度的主要来源。     

工具显微镜测量结果的不确定度评定

采用工具显微镜对某毫米玻璃刻度尺进行了校准测量，对影响测量结果的不确定度分量进行了分析，并对不确定度的各个分量进行了计算和合成，最后给出了该工具显微镜测量结果的不确定度报告：当测量点为10mm时，10次测量的算术平均值^-L=10.00024mm；扩展不确定度U95=0.84μm，有效自由度υeff=20。     

Er~(3+)掺杂透明微晶玻璃光谱性质的研究

通过高温熔融法和热处理制备了含有-γBi2WO6纳米晶的Er3+掺杂透明硼铋酸盐微晶玻璃.根据X射线粉末衍射结果和Scherrer公式计算得到-γBi2WO6晶粒大小约为15 nm.由于部分Er3+离子取代Bi3+进入-γBi2WO6纳米晶相中,使得Er3+离子在1.5μm的有效发射带宽由78 nm增加到85 nm,同时Er3+离子在4I13/2能级的荧光寿命由0.67 ms增加到1.43 ms.此外,与原始玻璃相比,在Er3+掺杂硼铋酸盐微晶玻璃中观察到强烈的绿光上转换发光,其上转换发光机制可以归为双光子过程.     

Measurement of the induced refractive index in a photothermorefractive glass by a liquid-cell shearing interferometer

A liquid-cell shearing interferometer was developed to measure refractive-index variations (delta n) in transparent materials. The cell was filled with a liquid having a matched refractive index. The achieved resolution was better than 1/1000 of a fringe shift and resulted in a delta n measurement sensitivity down to 10(-7) for 1-mm-thick samples. A refractive-index increment in photothermorefractive glass of up to 5 x 10(-6) was observed after UV exposure at 325 nm. A refractive-index decrement of up to 1 x 10(-3) was observed after thermal development of the exposed sample. It was proved that photothermorefractive glass obeys the reciprocity law; i.e., delta n depends on the UV dosage but does not depend on the irradiance.     

Preparation and characterization of transparent Al doped ZnO/epoxy composite as thermal-insulating coating

In this article, transparent Al doped ZnO (AZO)/epoxy composite, as glass thermal insulation coating, was prepared by incorporating AZO nanoparticles into a transparent epoxy matrix. First, the as-synthesized AZO nanoparticles by the polymer pyrolysis method were characterized and the effect of Al doping content on the electrical conductivity of AZO nanoparticles was investigated. The results reveal that the AZO nanoparticles doped with 6 mol% Al obtained from calcination at 600 °C show the optimal electrical conductivity. The effects of AZO content on the optical and thermal insulation property of AZO/epoxy coating were also studied. It is shown that the AZO/epoxy composite coating with 0.5 wt% AZO possesses excellent optical properties, i.e. visible light transmittance above 50% and shading coefficient of 0.45 are simultaneously achieved. In addition, the large temperature difference between the chambers coated respectively with the AZO/epoxy coated glasses and the common glass indicates that the prepared AZO/epoxy coating has an excellent thermal insulation property.     

Enhanced mobility of neural cells with a transparent electric field stimulator

Mobility is one of the important characteristics of living cells. It also plays a significant role in therapeutic cell transplantation with target location specificity. To enhance cell mobility, a neural cell stimulator was assembled with graphenes, which are two-dimensional nanocarbon materials that form a transparent electrode over the cover glass in a cell culture dish. This transparent stimulator applies electrical field stimulation to the neural cells. The advantages of this new transparent electrical field stimulator (TEFS) with a graphene electrode include transparency, because few layered graphenes are optically transparent, and biocompatibility, because the cover glass is coated with laminin. In this paper, it is reported that constant electric field stimulation, which is at a specific strength, facilitates the mobility of a neural cell and makes the visibility of cellular behavior on the electrode much better than that of any other existing cell stimulator that has metal electrodes. The strength of the electrical field for stimulating cells varies from 4.5 mV/mm to 450 mV/mm. When continuous electric field stimulation was applied for 4 hours at the electric field strength of 45 mV/mm, the mobility of the neural cells was significantly enhanced compared to the control conditions, wherein there was no electric field stimulation. Thus, the feasibility of the TEFS with the nanothickness of graphene was tested to modulate the mobility of neural cells in vitro. The result suggests that electrical field stimulation could enhance neural cell alignment, cell-to-cell coupling, and networks, and may be applied to cell transplantation to boost therapeutic effectiveness.     

Mg65CU20Zn5Y10多孔非晶的制备及性能

为提高镁基非晶合金的塑性应变能力,采用水冷铜模浇铸-拔丝造孔法制备了Mg65Cu20Zn5Y10多孔非晶合金,对Mg65Cu20Zn5Y10多孔非晶合金的组织、热稳定性和压缩性能进行了研究。结果表明,采用多孔芯水冷铜模制备出了直径6mm、长24mm的Mg65Cu20Zn5Y10多孔非晶合金;与镁基非晶合金相比,孔结构对其热稳定性没有影响;Mg65Cu20Zn5Y10多孔非晶合金在低应力作用下的塑性应变可达40%;Mg65Cu20Zn5Y10多孔非晶合金的断裂形貌呈脉状花样,属韧性断裂。     

广州某办公楼外窗对空调冷负荷的影响分析

采用DeST软件对广州某普通办公楼8种类型外窗在不同遮阳措施条件下的空调冷负荷进行了模拟分析。分析表明：增加浅色窗帘遮阳,并更换原建筑外窗普通6mm单层玻璃为镀Low-e膜中空玻璃（低透型）或中空玻璃后,节能率可分别达到13.9%和10.4%,节能效果显著。这对广州地区普通办公楼外窗的设计有一定的指导作用。     

PbBr2-PbCl2-PbF2-PbO-P2O5系统玻璃的热性质和化学稳定性

重点研究了ＰｂＢｒ_２－ＰｂＣｌ_２－ＰｂＦ_２－ＰｂＯ－Ｐ_２Ｏ_５系统玻璃的热性质、耐水性和抗潮解性．结果表明：该系统玻璃的热膨胀系数较大,一般在 ２５×１０^－６°Ｃ^－１左右． ＰｂＢｒ_２－ＰｂＣｌ_２－Ｐ_２Ｏ_５系统的玻璃具有较低的玻璃转变温度,可低达 １４６℃．加入 ＰｂF_２和／或 ＰｂＯ可显著提高玻璃的转变温度和密度,其中 ＰｂＯ对试样的影响更为显著． ＰｂＢｒ_２－ＰｂＣｌ_２－ＰｂＦ_２－ＰｂＯ－Ｐ_２Ｏ_５系统玻璃的抗潮解性一般较好。多数玻璃在水中的溶解速率可达１０^－５ｍｍ／ｄａｙ,具有较好的耐水性．     

无容器制备Er3+/Yb3+共掺La2O3-TiO2-ZrO2玻璃及其上转换发光研究

利用无容器技术制备了(La_0.94-xEr_0.06Yb_x)(Ti_0.95Zr_0.05)_2.25O₆(x=0~0.24, 间隔0.04)球状透明玻璃, 其稀土离子掺杂浓度最大值达到30%。通过DTA分析发现, 玻璃具有很好的热稳定性, x=0时玻璃化转变温度T_g和析晶起始温度T_o分别为818℃和906℃, ΔT(ΔT= T_o-T_g)为88℃, 玻璃形成能力较低。随着Yb³⁺浓度提高, T_g、T_o和ΔT逐渐下降, 说明Yb³⁺降低了玻璃的热稳定性和形成能力。利用紫外可见分光光度计测定了样品的吸收/透过光谱, 玻璃在975 nm具有很强的吸收峰, 表明Yb³⁺可以有效提高玻璃对入射光的吸收强度; 在可见光范围内除特征吸收外具有近70%的透过率, 说明玻璃具有良好的透可见光性能, 有望获得高强上转换发光输出。上转换荧光光谱研究表明: 在980 nm激光泵浦下, 获得了中心位于535、554和672 nm处的绿、红发光带, x=0.16的发光最强, 672 nm处的红光强度是x=0的近130倍。上转换发光强度与泵浦功率关系的分析表明: 535、554 nm处的绿光和672 nm处的红光发光均是双光子发光过程。     

Colorless and transparent polyimide nanocomposite films containing organoclay

A series of colorless and transparent polyimide (PI) nanocomposite films was synthesized from 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) and bis(3-aminophenyl) sulfone (APS) with various organoclay contents via solution intercalation polymerization to poly(amic acid)s, followed by thermal imidization. Varying the organoclay loading in the range of 0 to 1.00 wt% produced variations in the thermal properties, morphologies, and optical transparencies of the hybrids. The hybrid films exhibited high optical transparencies and almost no color, with cut-off wavelengths between 330 and 346 nm and very low yellow index (YI) values of 1.78-3.80. The hybrid PI films showed good thermal properties with glass transition temperatures of 236-245 degrees C. Most films did not show significant thermal decomposition below 450 degrees C. It was found that the addition of only a small amount of organoclay was sufficient to improve the thermal properties of the PI films, with maximum enhancements being observed at 0.50 wt% organoclay. Moreover, these PI hybrids also showed low coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE).     

尖晶石面板投影管中屏与锥的封接研究

透明尖晶石陶瓷面板投影管的屏和锥采用了低熔点玻璃封接。给出了封接结构、所用屏、低熔点玻璃和锥的材料特性。分析了封接中材料匹配、浸润性以及再结晶等原理,叙述了封接工艺。检测证实,获得了性能良好的封接结果。