导电聚合物及其在生物传感器构建中的应用

导电聚合物最重要的性质就是其导电性,它可以作为分子导线,使电子在生物分子与电极表面直接传递,显著提高生物传感器的响应、灵敏度和稳定性.主要介绍了导电聚合物的结构特征、基本性能、分类、研究现状、用途及其在传感器构建中的应用,并对导电聚合物在生物传感器中的发展趋势与应用前景进行了展望.     

共轭导电聚合物及其在传感器中的应用

分析了共轭导电聚合物的结构特征和导电机理，综述了共轭导电聚合物在离子传感器、气体传感器、湿度传感器和生物传感器中的应用和原理，并展望了共轭导电聚合物在传感器中的研究方向和应用前景。     

电化学可控制备溶胶-凝胶薄膜在生物传感器中的应用

构建化学可控、生物兼容性好、有利于界面传质与信号转换的生物传感界面是生物传感研究领域的热点问题和一大挑战.溶胶-凝胶技术在生物传感器领域应用广泛,电化学可控制备的新方法扩大了溶胶-凝胶膜在各个领域的应用前景.该文综述了近年来溶胶-凝胶技术在生物活性物质固定化方面的应用和进展,对比了不同溶胶-凝胶技术在生物传感器应用方面...     

碳纳米复合材料在电化学生物传感器中的研究进展

碳纳米材料以其优异的导电特性和机械性能及极佳的生物相容性在构建电化学生物传感器中备受关注,为电化学生物传感器的开发和研究开辟了一片广阔天地。将碳纳米材料与其它纳米材料复合,是一种拓展和增强其应用的有效方法。碳纳米材料在电化学生物传感器方面的应用主要是作为传感器界面的修饰材料、生物分子的固载基质以及信号标记物等。该文综述了碳纳米复合材料在电化学生物传感器中的应用,包括碳纳米管纳米复合物、石墨烯纳米复合物、富勒烯及碳量子点纳米复合物。并展望了未来基于碳纳米材料的电化学生物传感器的研究方向。     

聚环糊精-碳纳米管有机磷农药生物传感器

通过环糊精的聚合反应及其对碳纳米管的分散作用制备出不溶于水的聚环糊精-碳纳米管复合导电修饰材料,把CNT的稳定性、导电性和催化活性与环糊精分子的包络作用及生物相容性结合起来,得到一种可用于制备电化学生物传感器的碳纳米管-聚合物复合材料.在此基础上,通过优化固定化方法,在该复合材料上固定乙酰胆碱酯酶,制备出了灵敏度较高、线性范围较宽的有机磷农药生物传感器,该传感器可以在1.0～15.0mg/L浓度范围内检测农药甲胺磷的含量,检测下限为0.05mg/L.利用不同扫描速度下的循环伏安数据分析了传感器的电极反应机理,发现该传感器的电极过程由扩散步骤和电子转移步骤混合控制.     

磁性纳米粒子在生物传感器中的应用研究进展

磁性纳米粒子是一种新型的纳米材料,可应用于各种生物活性物质如蛋白质、DNA等的富集和分离、药物的磁靶向以及疾病的诊断和治疗等许多领域。由于磁性纳米粒子有着独特的化学和物理性能,已经成功的应用到磁控生物传感器、DNA传感器、蛋白质传感器、酶传感器以及其它类型的生物传感器中,并显著提高了生物传感器检测的灵敏度,缩短了生化反应的时间和提高检测的通量,为生物传感器领域开辟了广阔的前景。     

导电聚合物电极同时测定痕量铜、铅、镉、锌

使用一种新型导电聚合物电极作为工作电极,采用阳极溶出伏安法通过同位镀铋对导电聚合物电极进行修饰,实现了痕量铜、铅、镉、锌的同时测定.比较了导电聚合物电极和丝网印刷碳电极的性能,研究了预富集时间和不同介质对重金属离子测定的影响规律.结果表明:铜、铅、镉、锌在铋膜修饰的导电聚合物电极上分别在0.05 V、-0.55 V、-0.80 V、-1.10 V产生灵敏的电位溶出峰,峰高与离子浓度线性相关,最低检测限分别可达到0.5 μg/L、1 μg/L、1 μg/L和0.5 μg/L.在检测重金属离子方面,导电聚合物电极比丝网印刷碳电极更加灵敏和稳定,为一次性电化学传感器的发展提供了良好的基础.     

双分子层脂质膜的特性及其应用

双分子层脂质膜 (BLM )具有生物细胞膜的生物兼容性 ,是固定生物活性物质的理想材料 ,因此其在生物医学研究和生物传感器的研制领域具有广泛的应用前景。介绍了BLM的特性及其修饰 ,评述了双分子层脂质膜系统在生物医学应用和生物传感器开发方面的最新进展 ,展望了双分子层脂质膜系统应用的发展趋势。     

基于电化学方法制备DNA芯片的研究

自90年代初期生物芯片(Biochip)诞生以来,目前已经在功能基因组研究、疾病检测等领域得到了应用.长链的DNA探针的共价键合固定一直是个难题,对其进行功能基团的直接衍生比较困难,而将其共价固定又因表面反应产率低而难于进行.然而,导电高分子聚合膜与基体电极的接触较为牢固,有利于固定DNA探针[1],提高了电极的稳定性.此外,由于大部分导电聚合物的性质温和,不会导致生物分子的失活.将电化学方法聚合导电高分子膜技术应用于生物芯片的制作,还具有步骤简单,便于操作等优势.聚吡咯作为一种制备生物传感器的优良材料,也有人报道了一个N-取代的吡咯-DNA衍生物和吡咯共聚合制备的DNA模型芯片[2].     

纳米导电聚合物超级电容器研究进展

纳米导电聚合物(聚吡咯(PPy)、聚苯胺(PANI)、聚噻吩(PTh)等)材料被广泛应用于光电子器件、电极材料、传感器等方面.由于其优良的电化学性能、独特的物理化学性质、良好的稳定性等多方面优点使其在超级电容器方面的研究受到广泛关注.综述了基于纳米导电聚合物的超级电容器的研究进展,并对其存在的问题和前景进行了探讨.     

Transparent electrodes based on conducting polymers for display applications

The materials science and engineering related to the fabrication of conducting polymer thin films and the progress in the development of devices integrated with organic transparent electrodes based on conducting polymers for display applications are reviewed. Transparent electrodes are essential components for many display modules. With the evolution of display technologies, conducting polymers are recently emerging as important alternative materials for the fabrication of transparent electrodes. Conducting polymers offer some advantages, such as light weight, low cost, mechanical flexibility and excellent compatibility with plastic substrates for the development of next-generation display technologies and, in particular, are expected to play an important role in the development of flexible display technologies.     

微阵列电极电化学生物传感器

以微阵列电极为基础的电化学生物传感器近几年来发展迅速,是实现生物传感器微型化和集成化的一个重要途径。介绍了微阵列电极以及作为信号转换器在电化学生物传感器中应用的有关进展情况,特别是在基因研究中的应用。     

An intermediate-layer lithography method for generating multiple microstructures made of different conducting polymers

An intermediate-layer lithography (ILL) method has been developed in this work to generate multiple microstructures of different conducting polymers on the same substrate. Previous and current efforts in developing conducting polymer microsystems mainly focus on generating a device of a single function. When multiple micropatterns of different conducting polymers are produced on the same substrate, many microsystems of multiple functions can be envisioned. However, existing techniques present significant technical challenges of degradation, low throughput, low resolution, depth of field, and/or residual layer in producing conducting polymer microstructures. To circumvent these challenges, the ILL method has been explored to generate multiple micropatterns of different conducting polymers in a parallel manner. In this method, conducting polymer materials and a non-conducting polymer intermediate layer are first coated on a substrate, and are then patterned through a mold insertion at a raised temperature. In this work, the ILL has been used to successfully pattern three types of commonly used conducting polymers on the same substrate under a single mold insertion, and simulation has been conducted to gain a good understanding of the molding process. Due to distinctive advantages of simplicity, low cost and high throughput, the ILL has promising applications in fabricating micropatterns for polymer-based microsystems.     

Generation of micropatterns of conducting polymers and aluminum using an intermediate-layer lithography approach and some applications

Conducting polymers, because of their promising potential to replace silicon and metals in building devices, have attracted great attention since the discovery of high conductivity in doped polyacetylene in 1977. Lithographic techniques present significant technical challenges when working with conducting polymers. Sensitivity of conducting polymers to environmental conditions (e.g., air, oxygen, moisture, high temperature, and chemical solutions) makes current photolithographic methods unsuitable for patterning the conducting polymers due to the involvement of wet and/or dry etching processes in those methods. Existing non-photolithographic approaches have limitations in throughput, resolution, or electrical insulation. Therefore, an intermediate-layer lithography (ILL) approach has been recently developed by my group to produce conducting polymer micro/nanostructures. In the ILL method, an intermediate layer of an electrically insulating polymer is coated between the substrate and a layer of the conducting polymer to be printed. Subsequently, the conducting polymer is printed through mold insertion using a hot-embossing process. The current hot-embossing based methods face the obstacles of residual layer and depth of field (i.e., the height variation in the mold structures). In contrast, the ILL approach does not leave a residual layer in the material of interest, making conducting polymer patterns isolated from one another and avoiding the shorting problem in the electrical applications of these patterns. Furthermore, in the ILL, the height variation potentially existing among the mold structures has been transferred to the intermediate layer, ensuring that all patterns in the mold have been properly transferred to the conducting polymer layer. In addition to conducting polymers, the ILL can also be applied to pattern metals as well as other types of polymers. This paper gives a review of this ILL method and reports the results that we have achieved to date, including generation and applications of single and multiple layers of microstructures of conducting polymers and aluminum.     

有机磷水解酶传感器及其应用研究进展

介绍了有机磷水解酶传感器的基本原理、组成和分类,分析了各个类型传感器的特点,重点介绍了近年来国外有机磷水解酶的固定化技术和有机磷水解酶传感器的进展情况,并分析了未来有机磷水解酶传感器的发展趋势.     

Evaluation of amperometric glucose biosensors based on glucose oxidase encapsulated within enzymatically synthesized polyaniline and polypyrrole

In this article potential and suitability of enzymatically synthesized conducting polymers polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPY) for fabrication of enzymatic amperometric glucose biosensors were evaluated. The polymerisation of these polymers was induced by catalytic activity of glucose oxidase (GOx) from Penicillium vitale cross-linked by glutaraldehyde (GA) on the graphite rod electrode (GOx-electrode) surface. The main precursors for initiation of polymerisation reactions were hydrogen peroxide as an initiator of polymerisation reaction and β-d-gluconic acid as a medium, which reduced the pH towards acidic one is the most suitable for the formation of PANI and PPY. During the polymerisation reactions the immobilized GOx was self-encapsulated within formed PANI or PPY layers in order to form GOx/PANI- and GOx/PPY-modified electrodes (GOx/PANI-electrode and GOx/PPY-electrode, respectively). Kinetic properties of GOx, which is acting as a biocatalyst in GOx/PANI- and GOx/PPY-electrodes, were studied and results were compared with GOx-electrode. The results show that in both GOx/PANI- and GOx/PPY-electrodes self-encapsulated GOx exhibited different parameters of catalysed reaction kinetics due to increasing diffusion limitations if compared with that of the GOx-electrode and it allowed the detection of glucose in a wider concentration interval. Moreover, both GOx/PANI- and GOx/PPY-electrodes exhibited good operational stability and reproducibility of analytical signal. The electrochemical characteristics of formed PANI and PPY in the GOx/PANI- and GOx/PPY-electrodes were also determined. In addition, the influence of temperature, pH and common interfering compounds on the steady-state current response of modified electrodes were investigated and discussed.     

基于纳米材料的化学与生物传感器研究进展

纳米材料由于其量子尺寸效应和表面效应,可以有效地提高化学或生物传感器的性能.同时,通过对纳米材料的进一步功能化设计与改造,可以研究开发超高灵敏度、超高选择性的新型传感器件.该文主要就金利通课题组近年来基于纳米材料修饰的化学与生物传感器方面的研究工作进行介绍并对该领域的发展作一展望.     

Modeling the thermal stability of enzyme-based in vitro diagnostics biosensors

Performance of in vitro diagnostics biosensors may change over lifetime, particularly if environmental storage conditions such as temperature are not controlled. Biosensors are composed of diverse multiple components such as salts, polymers and biological components which may be differentially impacted by chemical and physical transformations induced by changes in temperature and exposure to humidity, oxygen and light. Mathematical models for predicting the influence of temperature on biosensor performance over time typically assume the changes follow first-order dynamics, with the temperature dependence of the rate of change described by an Arrhenius kinetic expression. However, the compositional diversity found in many biosensors may cause the assumption of first-order dynamics for sensor stability to be invalid. In this paper, a second-order dynamic model is developed to predict the change in biosensor performance over time for a single-use biosensor used in a point-of-care diagnostics system. The model consists of a reversible reaction followed by an irreversible reaction, with rate coefficients having Arrhenius temperature dependencies. The second-order dynamic model provides improved predictions, based on a comparison for two experimental datasets used for estimation, and on a validation dataset. The resulting model has applications for shelf-life prediction, designing accelerated testing experiments, biosensor improvement and the development of biosensor storage guidelines. Finally, it is shown that the concept of “mean kinetic temperature”, used widely in the pharmaceutical industry and based on first-order dynamics, can be applied successfully to a biosensor system exhibiting higher-order dynamic behaviour using a second-order model. This suggests that mean kinetic temperature concepts may be extended to in vitro diagnostics sensor applications.     

Single‐substrate encapsulated cholesteric LCDs: Coatable,drapable, and foldable

Abstract— The first ever, reflective cholesteric liquid‐crystal displays (ChLCDs) on single textile substrates made with simple coating processes have been developed. A novel approach for fabrication of ultra‐thin encapsulated ChLCDs with transparent conducting polymers as bottom and top electrodes will be reported. These displays are fabricated from the bottom‐up by sequential coating of various functional layers on fabric materials. Encapsulation of the cholesteric liquid‐crystal droplets in a polymer matrix and the mechanical flexibility of the conducting polymers allow for the creation of durable and highly conformable textile displays. The development and status of this next‐generation display technology for both monochrome and multicolor cholesteric displays will be discussed.