原油的混源实验及其地质意义

准噶尔盆地东部北三台北4井二叠系油源油和阜康凹陷牧3井侏罗系油源油的混源地球化学实验结果表明,北三台西南斜坡的北27井原油与20:80(北4井:牧3井)的混合原油相近,侏罗系油源为主要贡献;三台凸起西侧的台22井原油与50:50的混合原油相近,为二叠系和侏罗系油源的共同贡献。     

准噶尔盆地原油地球化学特征与油源讨论

准噶尔盆地原油物性和生物标志化合物组合特征综合研究表明,玛北、夏盐、玛东等玛湖凹陷斜坡区的原油以二叠系风城组为主要油源,其地化特征可与西北缘原油对比;该类原油中特高含量的三环萜烷和较高的C₂₉甾烷αββ/（αββ+ααα）异构化比值主要受长距离运移作用的影响。石西油田、石南油田及陆南地区的原油以盆1井西凹陷的二叠系乌尔禾组为主要油源;马桥凸起和莫北凸起的原油以盆1井西凹陷的乌尔禾组为主要油源,同时有侏罗系的贡献;盆地东部五彩湾油田为石炭系自生自储的原油,北三台油田的源岩为二叠系芦草沟组。从西北缘、玛北油田、陆南构造西段到东段源岩的沉积环境逐渐偏向氧化,呈现渐变过渡的特征。     

准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷及周缘凸起区的原油成因与分布

为进一步厘清准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷及周缘凸起区原油成因及其分布规律,基于最新烃源岩、原油有机地球化学和油气勘探资料,评价了各套烃源岩的地球化学特征,划分出4种成因原油类型,明确了原油与相应烃源岩的亲缘关系,查明了不同成因原油的空间分布。研究结果表明,Ⅰ类原油源自中二叠统芦草沟组烃源岩,主要分布在沙南、北三台、三台等油田和阜康凹陷深层二叠系—三叠系;Ⅱ类原油源自阜康凹陷下侏罗统八道湾组烃源岩,分布于沙北油田、阜北斜坡、阜东斜坡及该凹陷内侏罗系;Ⅲ类原油来自二叠系与侏罗系烃源岩的混合,分布于彩南油田、彩南西区块、北三台凸起西斜坡侏罗系;Ⅳ类原油源自石炭系松喀尔苏组B段烃源岩,主要以出油点的形式分布于阜康凹陷与相邻凸起。阜康凹陷二叠系生成的油气聚集在自身及下三叠统相对优质储盖组合中,勘探潜力大。     

准噶尔盆地东部原油地球化学特征

火烧山二叠系平地泉组原油具湖相原油特征,自生自储。三台-北三台石炭系至第三系各储层的原油可能亦为湖相混合型有机质生成,但普遍遭受了生物降解。五彩湾凹陷石炭系原油和北三台西南斜坡及古牧地侏罗系原油与上述原油殊异,生油物质可能为湖沼相高等植物。     

准噶尔盆地三台地区原油地球化学特征

根据准噶尔盆地东部三台地区(含北三台南段和吉木萨尔凹陷及其南缘)原油的轻烃对比星图,原油饱和烃m(Pr)/m(Ph)值、β-胡萝卜烷含量特征,三类规则甾烷的组成、妊甾烷的含量特征及其成熟度指标,三、四环萜烷和γ-蜡烷的组成特征,以及应用原油二环倍半萜的重排补身烷与8β(H)-补身烷的比值及4,4,8,8,9-五甲基+氢化萘(PMDHN)与4,4,8,9,9-PMDHN的比值和C_(30)藿烷及菲、甲基菲化合物等的组成可将本区原油从成因上分为3类,第1类源于中二叠统平地泉组-芦草沟组烃源岩,为本区的主体原油;第2类则源于侏罗系烃源岩;第3类源于石炭系巴塔玛依内山组烃源岩。源于二叠系的原油其油源区从东到西分别为吉木萨尔凹陷、天山山前凹陷和阜康凹陷,侏罗系原油则主要源于阜康凹陷的侏罗系烃源岩,而源于石炭系的原油其油源区在工区内部。     

准噶尔盆地原油地球化学特征与油源讨论

准噶尔盆地原油物性和生物标志化合物组合特征综合研究表明,玛北、夏盐、玛东等玛湖凹陷斜坡区的原油以二叠系风城组为主要油源,其地化特征可与西北缘原油对比;该夹原油中特高含量的一三环萜烷和较高的Ｃ２９甾烷０ββ／（αββ＋ααα）异构化比值主要受长距离运移作用的影响。石西油田、石南油田及陆南地区的原油以盆１井西凹陷的二叠系乌尔禾组为主要油源;马桥凸起和莫北凸起的原油以盆１井西凹陷的乌尔禾组为订油源,同时     

准噶尔盆地三台地区原油地球化学特征(为庆祝克拉玛依油田勘探开发50周年而作)

根据准噶尔盆地东部三台地区（含北三台南段和吉木萨尔凹陷及其南缘）原油的轻烃对比星图,原油饱和烃m（Pr）/m（Ph）值、β-胡萝卜烷含量特征,三类规则甾烷的组成、妊甾烷的含量特征及其成熟度指标,三、四环萜烷和γ-蜡烷的组成特征,以及应用原油二环倍半萜的重排补身烷与8β（H）-补身烷的比值及4,4,8,8,9-五甲基＋氢化萘（PMDHN）与4,4,8,9,9-PMDHN的比值和C30藿烷及菲、甲基菲化合物等的组成可将本区原油从成因上分为3类,第1类源于中二叠统平地泉组-芦草沟组烃源岩,为本区的主体原油;第2类则源于侏罗系烃源岩;第3类源于石炭系巴塔玛依内山组烃源岩.源于二叠系的原油其油源区从东到西分别为吉木萨尔凹陷、天山山前凹陷和阜康凹陷,侏罗系原油则主要源于阜康凹陷的侏罗系烃源岩,而源于石炭系的原油其油源区在工区内部.     

准噶尔盆地滴西地区油气成因探讨

对准噶尔盆地滴西地区石炭系、二叠系和侏罗系烃源岩进行评价，同时对油气地球化学特征进行剖析，其目的就是弄清该区油气的成因及其分布规律，为下一步油气勘探提供有益的指导。采用油一岩、油一油对比的方法，应用碳同位素、生物标志化合物结合物性资料等对该区的油气进行分类，并对其成因进行探讨。油气源对比表明，该区原油分为两类：第一类原油来源于东道海子北凹陷和石南凹陷二叠系平地泉组烃源岩；第二类原油来源于东道海子北凹陷和石南凹陷石炭系烃源岩。天然气也分为两类：第一类天然气与第一类原油同源；第二类天然气来源于东道海子北凹陷和石南凹陷石炭系和侏罗系源岩，并以前者为主。     

准噶尔盆地东部北三台地区凝析油轻烃组成特征

本文利用准噶尔盆地东部北三台地区凝析油及二叠系和侏罗系原油的分析化验结果,简述了凝析油的组成特征,并进行了凝析油/原油对比、热成熟度及生物降解作用的研究。分析了凝析油的油源及生成的时间和条件。研究表明,该区的凝析油来自二叠系生油层,为与湿气相伴生的产物。其中的有些部分遭受了生物降解作用。     

北三台地区石炭系成藏条件及勘探方向

通过油源对比可以确定北三台地区石炭系油气主要来源于阜康凹陷二叠系平地泉组及博格达山前坳陷二叠系芦草沟组,北三台凸起北坡为燕山运动Ⅰ幕单期成藏,南坡为燕山运动Ⅰ幕及燕山运动Ⅲ幕－喜马拉雅运动两期成藏,储集层的好坏主要采古风化壳的影响,上部淋滤带的厚度约100m,其储集物性明显好于中、下部;油气以侧向远距离或近距离沿不整合面运移为主,成藏模式均为“新生古储”式;油气藏分布主要受构造圈闭控制,北三台北坡保存条件较好,油泊供应充足,应为今后的主要勘探目标探区。     

准噶尔盆地东部上二叠统生油岩地化特征及油源对比

准噶尔盆地南缘东部博格达山前凹陷三条地质剖面的上二叠统具多源输入、低等水生生物为主的高生油丰度,有机质为腐泥或腐泥腐殖的混合型。成熟度自乌鲁木齐向东至吉木萨尔逐渐增高,属低成熟—成熟阶段,而三工河剖面二叠系生油岩高成熟度可能与火山岩活动局部受热有关。 三台、北三台原油储于仓房沟群(T_1ch—P_2ch)和侏罗系中,经生物标记化合物指纹对比,与大龙口剖面芦草沟组生油岩有亲缘关系。     

巴楚—麦盖提地区主要油气藏原油地球化学特征及油源探讨

巴楚—麦盖提地区是重要的油气聚集区。玉北地区玉北1井在奥陶系鹰山组测试获25.2 m³/d的海相工业油气流。玉北奥陶系油藏与巴什托（普）油气田的原油是否同源是困扰该地区油气勘探并急需解决的问题之一。通过玉北1井、巴什托（普）主要油气藏（田）的原油地球化学特征研究、油—油对比、油源对比等综合分析,并类比塔河奥陶系原油进行了巴楚—麦盖提地区主要油气藏原油地球化学特征及油源探讨分析。综合研究认为玉北地区奥陶系的原油地球化学特征与塔河奥陶系原油相近。通过烃源有机相类比,认为玉北地区奥陶系原油可能来自塔西南地区中下寒武统斜坡相烃源岩;巴什托轻质油推测主要来自盆地—陆棚相寒武系烃源岩,部分来源于海陆交互相石炭系。     

GEOCHEMICAL CORRELATION OF CRUDE OILS IN THE NW NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA

Sixty-six oils from eleven offshore and onshore fields in the NW Niger Delta, Nigeria were analyzed geochemically for their biomarker and isotopic compositions. Multivariate statistical analysis was employed to distinguish generic oil families from the large, complex data set. Biomarker and isotopic source parameter distributions were used to group the oils into three generic families. Family A oils, located in the onshore swamp to transitional area, received charges from predominantly Late Cretaceous or younger marine source rocks laid down in a sub-oxic to oxic depositional environment. Family B oils occur in the near-offshore area and are derived from Tertiary source facies that received an input of mixed terrigenous and marine organic matter. Family C oils, which dominate the offshore area, were derived from Tertiary source rocks typical of those deposited in oxic, nearshore or deltaic settings receiving significant terrestrial organic matter. Biomarker maturity parameters showed that the onshore (swamp) oils were generated at the peak of the oil generating window, while the transitional to offshore oils were expelled at an earlier stage of oil generation.     

准噶尔盆地东南缘阜康断裂带及其周缘原油地球化学特征和成因

准噶尔盆地东南缘阜康断裂带及其周缘发育典型的复合含油气系统,油气成因复杂,给成藏规律认识和勘探部署带来了不确定性。为加深对这些问题的理解,系统报道了研究区原油地球化学特征并讨论了其成因。结果表明:研究区原油具有相似的山峰型C20-C21-C23三环萜烷及上升型C27-C28-C29甾烷分布特征。尽管如此,结合其他一些地球化学参数,主要是碳同位素和Pr/Ph值,仍可将研究区原油分为3类。其中,Ⅰ类原油在整个研究区都有分布,源自二叠系芦草沟组(平地泉组),典型地球化学特征为δ13C值小于-28‰,Pr/Ph值低于2;Ⅱ类原油来自石炭系,混有二叠系的贡献,主要分布于北三台凸起西部与吉木萨尔凹陷J15井区,典型地球化学特征是δ13C值大于-28‰,Pr/Ph值为1.7~2.5;Ⅲ类原油分布在西泉鼻隆南斜坡和三台凸起西斜坡,为来自侏罗系与二叠系的混源油,δ13C值为-29‰^-26.5‰,Pr/Ph值大于2.5。它们的分布及成因表现为典型的源控特征。据此,建议对研究区的勘探应以烃源岩分布为基础,在隆起及稳定的构造环境寻找大中型油气藏。     

Geochemical investigation of trace elements in crude oils from two different depobelts in the Niger Delta basin,Nigeria

The concentrations of trace elements in crude oil samples from the Northern and Central swamps depobelts in the Niger Delta basin were investigated using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The origin, source facies, and depositional environment of organic matter that produced the oils were determined based on the trace elements concentrations. The concentrations of the trace elements (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and V) ranged from 0.04 to 5.71 ppm. Iron is the most abundant element in the samples while Cr has the least concentration. The results from trace metal geochemistry showed that the Niger Delta oils were derived predominantly from terrestrial organic matter deposited in the oxic depositional environment. The concentrations and ratios of nickel and vanadium grouped the oils into two distinct families reflecting the depobelt the oils belong. This observation indicates that the source rocks in the two depobelts were formed from organic matter of different source facies.     

塔里木盆地西南部皮山北新1井白垩系油气成因

皮山北新1井位于塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡皮山北1号背斜构造高部位,该井在白垩系获得油气,但油气源存在较大争议。原油轻烃特征表明,该井原油具有Ⅰ型母质类型来源的特征;原油饱和烃特征表明,生烃母质以泥质岩为主,但与塔河、玉北奥陶系原油有一定差异。原油二维色谱分析表明,该井原油与玉北、塔河、巴楚泥盆系原油均位于海相泥页岩的范畴;原油碳同位素特征表明,该井原油母质类型差于玉北奥陶系及巴楚巴什托石炭系原油。该井原油成熟度高于玉北奥陶系原油。通过该井白垩系油气与其周缘塔西南4套主力烃源岩生标特征的对比,认为皮山北新1井白垩系原油主要来源于塔西南海相石炭系烃源岩;天然气生源母质类型与塔西南柯克亚气田类似,有侏罗系腐殖型有机质来源天然气的贡献。皮山北新1井白垩系新层系油气成因研究将有助于拓展塔西南中新生界碎屑岩油气勘探领域。     

API gravities,vanadium, nickel,sulfur, and their relation to gross composition: Implications for the origin and maturation of crude oils in Western Desert,Egypt

In the present study, the geochemical analyses of API gravities, vanadium, nickel, sulfur, and bulk composition were performed on eight samples from productive wells in Gindi, South Deep Abu-gharadig, Abu-gharadig, Dahab-Merier, and Faghure basins locates in the North Western Desert. The results were used to describe the source organic matter input, depositional environment, assess the degree of thermal maturity, and to correlate between crude oils to determine the genetic relationship between hydrocarbon generation and their source rock for the studied oil samples. The results showed that a wide range of crude oil parameters exists in this data, indicating that a variety of oil types is represented. Crude oils range from unaltered to altered by vanadium, nickel, and sulfur concentrations, V/Ni and saturate fraction were used to classify the oils. Oils are classified into two groups. Group I contains oil samples from Gindi, South deep Abu-gharadig and Abu-gharadig, and Dahab-Merier that are generated from organic matter input deposited in marine environment under anoxic to suboxic conditions. Group II from Faghur basin possess high Pr/Ph ratios suggesting high contribution of terreginous organic matter deposited under relatively oxic conditions.     

GEOCHEMISTRY OF CRUDE OILS,SEEPAGE OILS AND SOURCE ROCKS FROM BELIZE AND GUATEMALA: INDICATIONS OF CARBONATE‐SOURCED PETROLEUM SYSTEMS

This study reviews the stratigraphy and the poorly documented petroleum geology of the Belize‐Guatemala area in northern Central America. Guatemala is divided by the east‐west trending La Libertad arch into the North and South Petén Basins. The arch is the westward continuation of the Maya Mountains fault block in central Belize which separates the Corozal Basin in northern Belize from the Belize Basin to the south. Numerous petroleum seeps have been reported in both of these basins. Small‐scale oil production takes place in the Corozal Basin and the North and South Petén Basins. For this study, samples of crude oil, seepage oil and potential source rocks were collected from both countries and were investigated by organic geochemical analyses and microscopy. The oil samples consisted of non‐biodegraded crude oils and slightly to severely biodegraded seepage oils, both of which were generated from source rocks with similar thermal maturities. The crude oils were generated from marine carbonate source rocks and could be divided into three groups: Group 1 oils come from the North Petén Basin (Guatemala) and the western part of the Corozal Basin (Belize), and have a typical carbonate‐sourced geochemical composition. The oils correlate with extracts of organic‐rich limestones assigned to the Upper Cretaceous “Xan horizon” in the Xan oilfield in the North Petén Basin. The oils were generated from a single source facies in the North Petén Basin, but were charged from two different sub‐basins. Group 2 oils comprise crudes from the South Petén Basin. They have characteristics typical of carbonate‐sourced oils, but these characteristics are less pronounced than those of Group 1 oils. A mixed marine/lacustrine source facies deposited under strongly reducing conditions in a local kitchen area is inferred. Group 3 oils come from the Corozal Basin, Belize. A carbonate but also a more “shaly” source rock composition for these oils is inferred. A severely biodegraded seepage oil from Belmopan, the capital of Belize, resembles a nearby crude oil. The eastern sub‐basin in the North Petén Basin may potentially be the kitchen area for these oils, and for the seepage oils found in the western part of the Corozal Basin. The seepage oils from the Corozal and Belize Basins are moderately to severely biodegraded and were generated from carbonate source rocks. Some of the seepage oils have identical C_27–29 sterane distributions to the Group 2 oils, but “biodegradation insensitive” biomarker ratios show that the seepage oils can be divided into separate sub‐groups. Severely and slightly biodegraded seepage oils in the Belize Basin were probably almost identical prior to biodegradation. Lower Cretaceous limestones from the Belize Basin have petroleum generation potential, but the samples are immature. The kitchen for the seepage oils in the Belize Basin remains unknown.     

Characterization and correlation of crude oils from some wells in the North Western Desert,Egypt

Characterization and correlation of crude oils from some wells in the North Western Desert, based on six crude oil samples, were studied by different analytical techniques, including API gravity, sulfur content, nickel and vanadium, bulk compositions and saturated fraction obtained from gas chromatography have been studied. The results show that the crude oils are normal to medium aromatic oils, with high API gravity and high sulfur content. V, Ni, V/Ni and V/(V + Ni) reflecting oils might be sourced from non-clastic source rocks, possibly carbonates, deposited under anoxic-suboxic conditions. Bulk compositions revealing that the crude oils were derived from marine organic sources. While, the paraffins and naphthenes percent indicates that the oils belong to paraffinic to naphthenic oil types, deposited in slightly anoxic to suboxic conditions and contained marine organic matter. Thermal maturity data showed that the oil samples were generated from mature source rocks. This indicates the studied oil samples are well correlated with each other, where they are similar in their oil type maturation and source depositional environments.