基于有效折射率法的多层光波导模式数值分析

文章针对具有实际使用价值的多层光波导计算了有损耗波导准横电(Quasi-TE)模、准横磁(Quasi-TM)模有效折射率与横电/横磁(TE/TM)模电磁场曲线分布。计算了6层损耗波导TE/TM模式，分析了多层波导模式的有效射折率和电磁场曲线分布与波导结构的内在关系，并且利用有效折射率法完成Quasi-TE/TM模式的有效折射率计算，得到了TM模式有效折射率与模式阶数非单调递减、损耗波导模式更为丰富等结论。文章的研究工作可以为实际光波导器件设计、制作及应用提供理论基础。     

法拉第磁光波导的耦合模分析

利用法拉第磁光效应可以设计光纤磁场传感器。在磁场传感过程中，磁光晶体薄膜波导的TE模和TM模式之间将发生转换，：其转换效率与磁光晶体的法拉第旋转角度和双折射有关。本文建立了磁光波导的耦合模方程，分析了磁光波导中的TE—TM模转换，提出了通过减小线性双折射和增大法拉第旋转角来提高TE—TM模耦合效率的措施，这些措施有利于增大光束TM模的输出功率并提高光纤磁场传感器的灵敏度。     

InP基稀释光波导特性分析

从InP基稀释光波导的基本模型出发,利用有限差分波束传播（FD-BPM）算法,推导了InP基稀释光波导的有效折射率,对其进行了数值计算;根据光传输损耗方程,分析了稀释波导传输损耗产生的原因;对稀释光波导中TE/TM模式传输进行了详细的数值分析和模拟计算,并分析了其模场分布曲线。     

激光脉冲沉积法在Si(100)上生长c轴择优取向的LiNbO3晶体薄膜及其性能

采用激光脉冲沉积(PLD)法在Si(100)衬底上生长得到了完全c轴择优取向的LiNbO3(LN)薄膜,X射线衍射分析表明LN(006)衍射峰的半峰宽为0.35°.利用棱镜耦合器,激光可以被耦合到LN薄膜中,形成TE和TM模式的光波导.测得LN薄膜的折射率n0为2.285,薄膜的厚度为0.199μm.     

激光脉冲沉积法在Si(100)上生长c轴择优取向的LiNbO3晶体薄膜及其性能

采用激光脉冲沉积(PLD)法在Si(100)衬底上生长得到了完全c轴择优取向的LiNbO3(LN)薄膜,X射线衍射分析表明LN(006)衍射峰的半峰宽为0.35°.利用棱镜耦合器,激光可以被耦合到LN薄膜中,形成TE和TM模式的光波导.测得LN薄膜的折射率n0为2.285,薄膜的厚度为0.199μm.     

指向耦合器型TE/TM模分离器结构参数优化设计

采用简单的理论模型 ,对折射率呈渐变分布的钛扩散LiNbO3 波导进行结构优化 ,得到模式分离的最佳结构参数 ,用光束传播方法 (BPM法 )设计了有金属覆盖层的指向耦合器型TE/TM模分离器 ,偏振串音分别达到 -2 0 8dB(TE模 )和 - 2 1 3dB(TM模 )。     

硅基二氧化硅单模单偏振光波导的设计

在不增加工艺难度的前提下,利用硅基二氧化硅光波导的双折射效应并结合有效折射率方法, 设计了一种新型单模单偏振波导, 使得两个正交偏振模式中的TM 模式被截止, TE 模式可以通过. 利用三维有限差分光束传输法(3D -BPM ) 进行数值模拟,结果显示,对于TM 模式消光比可高达到50dB 以上.此种结构的光波导可以直接制作偏振器, 同时还易与其他波导器件集成.     

抗反膜设计改善半导体光放大器偏振不灵敏性的理论研究

通过理论分析和计算表明,适当地增加反射率,在同样的工作电流下,半导体光放大器(SOA)的增益将有所增大。合理地调节抗反膜的折射率和厚度,可以使TM模的反射率R_(TM)在一段波长范围内大于TE模的反射率R_(TE)。这样的反射率分布可以相对提高TM模的增益,在一定程度上改善SOA的偏振不灵敏性。通过抗反膜的设计来辅助解决偏振不灵敏的问题,可以使SOA在有源区和波导设计中获得更大的灵活性,更好地兼顾其他的性能要求。     

集成光杨氏干涉计生化传感器的设计和制备

报道一种结构新颖的集成光杨氏干涉计生化传感器。利用微光机电系统(MOEMS)加工工艺结合离子交换技术在玻璃基底上制作出成对的平行单模光波导阵列,并在每对波导中一条的中间区段淀积一层具有梯度末端的TiO2薄膜,覆膜波导用作传感,裸露波导作为参比,从而构成集成光杨氏干涉计芯片。研制结果表明,这种传感器与传统的集成光杨氏干涉计相比,不仅省去了Y型功率分配器和低折射率介质保护层,而且利用简单的狭缝探测器取代了昂贵的电荷耦合器(CCD)探测器,具有结构简单、制作容易和使用方便等优点。     

多模干涉光波导型微流控液体折射率监测用芯片的设计

将微流控结构和光波导多模干涉(MMI)结构功能结合在一起,利用导波的多模干涉效应,对微通道中的液体变化进行实时监测.液体中成分或浓度的变化导致液体的折射率变化,通过监测MMI的输出波导的功率,得到液体折射率的变化,从而得到液体成分浓度的变化.计算模拟显示,对液体的折射率变化灵敏度可达到0.0001.对不同流量的要求,提出了两种微流控结构和光波导MMI复合结构,有望在微流控生化分析芯片中得到应用.     

Scattering at Circular-to-Rectangular Waveguide Junctions

A formally exact solution is given for the problem of scattering at a circular-to-rectangular waveguide junction and at a thick diaphragm, with a centered circular aperture, in a rectangular waveguide. The method uses normal TE and TM mode expansions of the waveguide fields and traditional mode matching of the transverse electric and magnetic fields at the junction boundary. Exact closed-form expressions are obtained for the electric field mode-matching coefficients which couple the TE(TM) modes in the rectangular guide to the TE(TM) and TM(TE) modes in the circular guide. Numerical results are presented for the case of TE/sub 10/ mode propagation in the larger rectangular guide with all other modes cutoff. Convergent numerical results for the equivalent shunt susceptances of such junctions are obtained when about 12 modes (eight TE and four TM) are retained in the circular waveguide or in the circular aperture of the diaphragm. The results are graphically compared with formulas and curves due to the quasi-static theory of Bethe and the variational theory given in the Waveguide Handbook [2].     

A composite optical waveguide-based polarimetric interferometer forchemical and biological sensing applications

A new polarimetric interferometer has been developed on the basis of the phase difference between transverse electric (TE)₀ and transverse magnetic (TM)₀ modes in a composite optical waveguide (OWG). The composite OWG consists of a single-mode potassium ion-exchanged planar waveguide overlaid with a high-index thin film that has two tapered ends and supports only the TE₀ mode. Applying tapered velocity coupling theory, we found that the TE₀ and TM₀ modes coexisting in the potassium ion-exchanged layer were separated in the thin film region of the composite OWG: the TE₀ mode was coupled into the thin film while the TM₀ mode was confined in the potassium ion-exchanged layer. Interference occurs between TE- and TM-polarized output components when a single output beam is passed through a 45°-polarized analyzer. The phase difference φ between both orthogonal output components is very sensitive to the superstrate index n_c in the thin film region. Our experimental results indicate that a slight change of Δn_c=3.71×10^-6 results in the phase-difference variation of Δφ=1° for a 5-mm-long TiO ₂/K⁺ composite OWG with a 34-nm-thick TiO₂ film. Such a simple polarimetric interferometer can be applied to chemical or biological sensors by modifying the upper film surface of the composite OWG with a chemically or biologically active substance     

对称单负材料平面波导的波导模

基于经典电磁理论建立了芯层为单负材料的对称三层平板波导的导波方程,采用图解法研究了该波导中的TE和TM波导模,分析了TE波导模和TM波导模会受波导参数μ1/μ2和R的影响,给出TE模和TM模解的横向场分布图.结果显示,在单负材料的对称三层平板波导中只存在慢波导模,TE慢波模只能在磁负材料中传播,TM慢波模只能在电负材料...     

Rigorous Analysis of the Scattering of Surface Waves in an Abruptly Ended Slab Dielectric Waveguide

The reflection and the scattering properties of even TE and TM surface waves incident in an abruptly ended dielectric slab waveguide are analyzed. The discontinuity is regarded as a junction between two open waveguides namely the dielectric slab waveguide and the free space waveguide. The boundary conditions acting together with the orthogonality provide singular coupled integral equations on the discrete and the continuous wave amplitudes at the discontinuity. These singular coupled intergral equations with Cauchy kernels and infinite limits of integration are solved by iteration via the Neuman series. Numerical results are presented for the reflectivity of the even TE/sub 0/ and TM/sub 0/ fundamental modes, together with their mode conversion on even TE/sub 2/ and TM/sub 2/ in a slab where two guided modes can propagate. Reflectivity and mode conversion of higher order excitations are also investigated     

Integrated optical polarization-discriminating receiver in glass

We have successfully demonstrated an integrated optical TE-TM mode discriminator using waveguide polarizers and guided-wave photodetectors for use in polarimetric optical sensor and positioning systems. The photonic integrated circuit consists of a Y-branch waveguide splitter formed by potassium-sodium ion exchange in silicate glass. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon claddings were deposited on each branch of the splitter to act as polarizers. One output cladding was trimmed to a thickness which attenuated the TE polarization, while the other cladding was trimmed to attenuate light having TM polarization. The thickness trimming was accomplished using a process of localized plasma etching which allows in situ extinction optimization by monitoring transmitted light. Optical extinction ratios of up to 27 dB were demonstrated on Y-branch waveguides for polarizers with claddings 1.2 mm in length. The integrated receiver was completed with the deposition of metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors on each of the output waveguide branches following the polarizers. Amorphous silicon claddings were contacted with chrome-gold interdigitated Schottky contacts to form the waveguide detectors     

Integrated optical waveguide polarizer on glass with a birefringentpolymer overlay

An integrated optical waveguide polarizer on glass is described. It is based on a filtering zone propagating only TE mode whereas the TM mode leaks out into a birefringent polymer simply deposited on the glass. The polymer is poled by a corona process. The measured polarization extinction ratio between TE and TM modes is better than 39 dB and the excess loss due to the filtering zone is less than 4 dB. The total loss is in the order of 7 dB     

Non-polarization and high-coupling-efficiency coupler using multilevel grating structure

A multilevel grating coupler based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) material structure is proposed to realize the coupling between waveguide and waveguide or waveguide and fiber. This coupler is compatible with the current fabrication facilities for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology with vertical coupling. This structure can realize coupling when the beams with transverse electric (TE) polarization and transverse magnetic (TM) polarization are incident at the same time. The influences of the grating coupler parameters including wavelength, the thickness of waveguide layer, the thickness of SiO₂ layer and the number of steps on the TE mode and TM mode coupling efficiencies are discussed. Theory researches and simulation results indicate that the wavelength range is from 1533 nm to 1580 nm when the TE mode and TM mode coupling efficiencies are both more than 40% as the grating period is 0.99 μm. The coupling efficiencies of the incident TE and TM modes are 49.9% and 49.5% at the wavelength of 1565 nm, respectively, and the difference between them is only 0.4%.     

Waveguide polarizer based on resonant tunneling

A novel and highly efficient waveguide polarizer which is based on the phenomenon of resonant tunneling is proposed. Designs for both transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) pass polarizers based on this principle are suggested, and it is shown that with such a device it is possible to achieve TM mode loss greater than 80 dB/mm and TE mode loss less than 0.5 dB/mm for the TE pass polarizer, and TE mode loss of 24 dB/mm with a TM mode loss less than 0.8 dB/mm for the TM pass polarizer     

On the Mode and Square Correspondence Between Circular Multimode Tapered Waveguides

In an axially straight multimode circular waveguide taper excited with a pure TE/sup /spl circle// /sub 11/ dominant mode, the first and only converted mode at and near cutoff is the TM/sup/spl circle// /sub 11/ mode. It is shown that in an axially straight multimode square waveguide taper excited with a pure TE/sup/spl square// /sub 10/ dominant mode, the TM/sup/spl square// /sub 12/ mode corresponding to the TM/sup/spl circle// /sub 11/ mode in circular case is not the only first converted mode at and near cutoff. The overall behavior or coupling mechanism of waveguides is similar whether the waveguide is rectangular, square, circular, or elliptical: i.e., the overall coupling coefficient at cutoff of a converted mode or modes approaches an ininfinity of the order 0/sup -1/4/.     

Transmission Characteristics of Spherical TE and TM Modes in Conical Waveguides (Short Papers)

The transmission properties of spherical TE and TM modes in a perfectly conducting conical waveguide are treated in detail. To start with, an analytically simple and highly accurate digital-computer based iterative algorithm has been employed to evaluate the eigenvalues associated with the spherical TE and TM modes within the guide irrespective of the flare angle (2alpha/sub 0/) of the conical waveguide (theta < 2alpha/sub 0/ < 360/spl deg/). Subsequently, explicit expressions for the attenuation constant, phase constant, phase velocity, and wave impedance are obtained for the spherical modes transmitted within the guide. Accurate eigenvalues obtained numerically are used to study the variation of attenuation constant, phase constant, phase velocity, and wave impedance as a function of the radial distance from the apex with alpha/sub 0/ as a parameter. Measured data on the phase constant of a conical waveguide for the TE/sub 11/ mode have been compared with the analytical results obtained by calculation and an excellent agreement between the two justifies the validity of the analysis presented. Finally, a study of the phase coherence between the dominant spherical TE and TM modes within the guide is presented which may be fruitfully employed in the design of dual-mode conical waveguides.