甲苯二胺装置扩产改造的目标与瓶颈分析

对甲苯二胺(TDA)生产装置扩建改造的目标与瓶颈进行了分析,阐述了目标与瓶颈在TDA装置扩建改造中相辅相成的关系。根据制定目标和发现瓶颈的一般原则,先消除拓朴信息瓶颈,再考虑强度瓶颈,最后再考虑容积瓶颈。根据目标与瓶颈分析结果制定改造方案,在投资很少的情况下,TDA装置生产能力可提高100%,且改造后蒸汽、循环水单位产品消耗量降低30%以上,原料与催化剂消耗都有所下降,具有好的社会效益和经济效益。     

化工装置扩建改造的系统综合优化法

提出了用于化工装置扩建改造的系统综合优化法。分析了扩建改造目标、瓶颈及相互关系，提出了扩建改造的组织工作模式和实施策略。强调了计算机模拟技术和专家民主讨论决策机制对扩建改造的重要意义。     

某镇污水处理厂扩建改造工程实践

以某镇污水厂的二期扩建改造工程为例,工程总规模2 000 m³/d,结合一期污水厂的工艺进行分析,采用改良A²O工艺和高密度沉淀池深度处理,进行优化并进行二期工程的扩建,扩建改造工程主要考虑了整体的投资,占地及减少扩建利旧过程中的二次提升,以节约后期的运营和成本,并保证出水能够稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物质排放标准》一级A的出水标准,扩建改造后工程总吨水处理直接运行成本0.681元,出水稳定达标且运行效果较好。     

大庆35万t／a乙烯装置脱甲烷塔操作的分析及对策

本文用ASPEN-PLUS模拟软件平台对乙烯装置扩建的瓶颈部位-脱甲烷塔进行了模拟分析计算,提出了改进建议。     

离子膜烧碱扩建工程经济技术分析

介绍了在分析国内外离子膜烧碱现状和发展趋势的基础上，改造扩建2万t／a离子膜烧碱项目的情况并进行了技术和效益分析。     

烘干工艺及设备的优化选择

这几年生产线的新建和扩建中,大多数水泥厂家主要集中在粉磨和烧成工艺设备的优化和增产节能,对于烘干系统则投入很少。有些新建厂家对烘干未考虑,以至于烘干工艺落后,设备选型不合理,成为制约整个生产线的瓶颈。盐城市兴诚建材环保设备有限公司结合十多年来烘干技术开发研究及大量实践应用,通过对现有五百多条烘干生产线增产专利改造,发现原烘干工艺系统中存在的问题,提出几点烘干工艺及设备优化选择措施,供广大水泥厂家参考。     

论石油化工生产装置建设工程造价控制管理

本文重点论述了石油化工生产装置建设工程中的造价控制与管理,指出了其中的部分不足之处,并对造价控制提出了好的建议,从而达到工程造价的更好更节约的发展理念,石油化工生产装置建设工程造价过程控制是指在石油化工生产装置建设的全过程中,检查是否按预测的石油化工生产装置建设工程造价和资金使用计划进行,发现偏差、分析原因、进行纠正、以确保项目建设目标的实现,是工程管理的重要环节,是保证工程项目顺利进行的手段。长庆油田近些年分别对长庆石化调整改造,庆阳石化搬迁等石化炼油生产装置扩建改造。在实际操作中从设计、甲方预算到与现场变更签证的控制一些心得以下分析。     

德山公司欲扩大多晶硅产能

日本德山公司近日表示,公司已决定扩大在日本山口县的多晶硅产能,除了新增一座生产厂外,还将对山口县德山工厂进行脱瓶颈改造。据了解,该公司将投资1.36亿美元进行扩建项目,工程将于2011年11月启动,预计2013年春季完工。扩建项目完成后,德山公司     

川化大化肥装置技术改造思路和方案

将大化肥装置技术改造与三聚氰胺扩建联合考虑，形成合成氨增产20％、尿素增产50％的改造方案，尿素改造采用改良ACES工艺，达到投资效益最佳的目的。     

湿法磷酸技术转让与咨询

美国新泽西州某化工和机械工程咨询公司拥有湿法磷酸方面的高级专家,曾承担国外八家湿法磷酸装置的扩建改造技术服务。可提供整套工艺和设备设计,对不同流程磷酸厂扩建提供咨询,提出消除瓶颈现象的建议和对装置运转情况评价,负责操作培训和     

12SiMoVNb高压无缝钢管的焊接

在对 1 2SiMoVNb可焊性分析的基础上 ,采用特殊的焊接工艺 ,成功地对某化肥厂的技改工程进行施工。     

基于夹点技术的辛醇与异丁醛装置用能分析

针对某引进的辛醇与异丁醛装置,进行了换热网络的夹点分析,得到了不同的最小换热温差下该装置的节能潜力。在对整个装置的13个二段进行能量利用情况分析后,结合夹点技术的原则,研究了能量利用的合理性,并给出了48条结论。然后从节能的角度说明可以利用其热量的工艺物流,给出了每个换热器是否应进行改动的建议,为下一步的换热网络节能改造设计奠定了基础。     

Cascade refrigeration system synthesis based on exergy analysis

Refrigeration systems are very important to chemical/petrochemical process industries because their performances are closely related to product quality, energy usage efficiency, and plant profitability. Hitherto, the optimal synthesis of a cascade refrigeration system with multiple refrigerants and multiple temperature levels presents considerable challenges and systematic studies combined with thermodynamic insights and mathematical-programming approaches in this area are still lacking. In this paper, a general methodology for the optimal synthesis of such cascade refrigeration system to maximize the energy efficiency has been developed. The exergy-temperature chart combined with the exergy analysis is presented to comprehensively analyze the thermodynamic nature of a refrigeration system, which provides a solid foundation for the conceptual design/retrofit of the complex refrigeration system. An exergy-embedded MINLP model has also been developed for the optimal synthesis of a general cascade refrigeration system. The efficacy of the developed methodology is demonstrated through a case study on the retrofit of a cascade refrigeration system for an ethylene plant.     

Systematic retrofit design with Response Surface Method and process integration techniques: A case study for the retrofit of a hydrocarbon fractionation plant

This paper demonstrates the Retrofit Design Approach (RDA) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for the retrofit of industrial plants in which assessment of design options for improving existing processes in a site-wide and integrated manner is not straightforward, due to complex design interactions in the process. The design methodology applied in this study is based on the systematic use of a process simulator which is used to identify promising variables through sensitivity analysis. Hence, the most important factors are determined and a reduced model is constructed based on RSM. An optimization framework is then built using the reduced model based on key selected variables, which is optimized to find optimal conditions and performance of the process. This design methodology provides strategic guidelines for determining the most cost-effective design options. The retrofit of a hydrocarbon fractionation plant is presented as an industrial case study. This includes a large number of design options with different process configurations and operating conditions due to the interconnection of distillation columns in sequence and the integrated heat recovery within the plant. The case study results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach which is able to effectively deal with a large retrofit problems. This is possible with the aid of process simulation and RSM producing a reduced model which requires considerably less computational effort to solve.     

热灌装瓶级PET切片加工性能的影响因素

对辽化聚酯厂生产的PET瓶片进行分析测试,从瓶片的分子结构参数与瓶片使用性能及加工性能之间的关系进行了分析,找到影响大容量热灌装瓶级PET切片产品品质的主要工艺控制因素,并对工艺进行了优化。     

碳纤维制备技术课程的教学研究

高性能碳纤维是一种国家战略材料,在国防、军工以及民用领域都具有重要战略意义.本文旨在介绍碳纤维制备技术中的一些重要技术瓶颈,鼓励大学生在尖端材料领域中进行创新和创业.     

A hydraulics-based heuristic strategy for capacity expansion retrofit of distillation systems and an industrial application on a light-ends separation plant

A new indicator to represent a maximum capacity expansion rate of distillation processes is presented in this article. A hydraulics-based heuristic strategy consisting of three levels is proposed to address the capacity expansion retrofit redesign of distillation systems. The first level is to evaluate an existing process to get the indicator which reflects quantitatively the capacity expansion rate, where a fractional utilization of area (FUA) method is also employed to screen the process bottlenecks. In the second level, the indicator is used to find the available debottlenecking measures from a measure library which is based on heuristics. In the last level, a new economy indicator called specific annual cost (SAC) is used to sort the available debottlenecking measures, and the corresponding process flowsheets and operation parameters are determined. An industrial capacity expansion retrofit for a light-ends separation plant is conducted so as to evaluate the performance of the proposed indicators and strategy in screening the available retrofit alternatives. Modifications on feeding location, operating pressure, number of theoretical stages, and feeding thermal condition, etc. are proposed to remove the bottlenecks. The maximum capacity expansion rate of the plant is about 40.0%, and the near-optimum retrofit options for different capacity expansion rates such as 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40% are also presented. The results show that the proposed capacity expansion strategy is capable to resolve the issues associated with the retrofit redesign in a systematic and relatively simple way.     

Experiences from using heat integration software to determine retrofit opportunities within a refinery process

Heat integration techniques can be used to optimize the energy requirement for both new and retrofit plant designs. Software tools for identifying retrofit options are becoming available. This paper reports our experiences from using heat exchanger network (HEN) optimization software for a retrofit case study of an oil refinery process. The HEN optimization software was used to automate the search for the most beneficial retrofit designs following the twostage process proposed by Asante and Zhu. The software provided three potential retrofit designs. Results from this analysis were used as the basis of a rigorous mass and energy balance simulation of the plant. The simulation corroborated the energy savings, but there were some important differences. The simulation required 20% more heat exchange area. Furthermore, the retrofit design involving one topology change was shown to be less economic than an alternative design. These differences are discussed and a revised methodology is proposed.