无线射频能量收集与存储系统设计

对空间中广泛覆盖的各类无线射频信号进行能量收集与存储利用,可为各类负载终端提供电力支持。因此,如何对无线射频能量进行有效收集及存储再利用成为一个研究热点问题。针对上述问题,文章设计实现了一套无线射频能量收集与存储系统,利用倍压检波电路将无线射频能量转换成可供负载使用的直流电,基于电源管理芯片BQ25504设计并实现了能量存储与管理电路。实验结果表明,本设计将倍压检波电路与能量管理电路相结合,可以为物联网低功耗设备进行持续稳定的供电,从而减少对传统电池的依赖,具有广泛的应用前景。     

WSN中基于网络覆盖控制算法优化研究

无线传感器网络中,传感器节点的能量不易补充,如何提高能量效率成为了传感器网络研究的重大问题。文章首先分析了经典的无线传感器网络节点调度算法（CPNSS算法）。针对其利用率低,能量不均衡的问题,提出了一种高效节能的无线传感器网络覆盖优化算法（Efficient Coverage—Preserving Node Scheduling Scheme）,并具体介绍了ECPNSS算法设计及其实现过程。最后,将ECPNSS算法应用于LEACH协议,仿真结果表明,ECPNSS算法能有效节省网络能量,延长网络生存期。     

能量采集型无线传感器网络的高能效路由算法

在能量采集型无线传感器网络中,虽然有能量吸收,但是因能量依然非常珍贵,如何优化路由协议,提高能量利用率,延长网络寿命仍然是值得研究的问题.为求解高能效的路由,提出了一种采用遗传算法的高能效路由算法,建立考虑节点的吸收能量、剩余能量、消耗能量和浪费能量的适应函数,用遗传算法寻找全局最优路径.将该适应函数与3种其他适应函数作对比,其他3种适应函数分别为只考虑路径能耗最小的适应函数,考虑路径能耗与路径上节点的吸收能量、剩余能量的适应函数以及考虑路径能耗与网络中所有节点的浪费能量的适应函数.采用遗传算法解出4种路由,通过仿真分析可知,所提出的路由算法能量利用效率最高.     

基于能量有效的Ad hoc无线网络路由协议的研究

Ad hoc是一种无固定基础设施的特殊无线网络,此网络中节点一般由电池供能,需要考虑能量有效因素来最大化网络生命周期.对各类基于能量有效的Ad hoc无线网络路由协议进行比较和分析,可以看出路由协议对能量优化有着显著作用.     

激光能量主动控制高超声速进气道研究现状

以注入激光能量的方式对高超声速进气道进行主动流动控制是提高超燃冲压发动机性能的一种重要方法。回顾了国际学者针对斜激波相互作用、Edney IV型激波相互作用和来流捕获这3项内容的控制方法和结果,为国内主动控制高超声速流场的研究提供了有益参考。     

基于自适应陷波器的电子能量损失谱能量漂移的消除方法

电子能量损失谱是透射电子显微术中一种重要的分析手段,它可以帮助人们从纳米尺度上认识材料的电子结构等信息。但电子能量损失谱仪特别容易受到周围环境因素的影响,比如说固定工频干扰,而产生电子能量损失谱能量的漂移。本文结合串行快响应能谱探测器和自适应陷波器手段,提出了一种消除电子能量损失谱中能量漂移的方法,实验结果表明这种方法能够有效消除电子能量损失谱中由于固定工频干扰所造成的能量漂移。     

一种基于能量高效的多路径路由编码算法

针对如何降低无线传感网络中的节点能量消耗问题,文章提出了一种基于能量高效的网络模型和编码模型,给出了相应的网络编码策略和能量消耗模式,建立了一种新的基于网络编码多路径路由技术的节点能量有效算法,并以误码率为参照基准,与有关的多路径路由协议算法做了相应的实验比较。仿真结果表明,文章所提出的方法在能量高效、网络生命延长及数据分组传递方面有较好的改进。     

基于Stackelberg博弈的无人机辅助无线供能物联网能量优化

无人机结合无线能量传输的技术可为物联网终端设备提供能量供应。为了解决充电用户与无人机之间自由公平的能量交易问题,提出一种基于Stackelberg博弈的能量交易方案,赋予用户主方角色,由其决策服务奖励,各无人机作为从方通过能量供应来竞争获取奖励,参考无线能量传输过程中的平均信道增益决策服务用户的充电时长。运用逆向归纳法分析并求解Stackelberg均衡解。实验仿真表明,所提方案可有效减少用户在能量交易中的经济开销,提高用户满意度,实现用户侧能量优化。     

一种能量感知的Ad Hoc网络路由协议

Ad Hoc网络中的节点是由电池供电,整个网络是一个能量受限系统,如何节省节点的能量,尽可能延长网络的可操控时间逐渐成为衡量路由协议性能的重要指标.基于移动节点能量的不同级别,采取不同的转发策略,提出了一种基于能量感知的Ad Hoc网络路由协议--EARP.并与AODV协议进行了性能比较,仿真结果显示,EARP具有较低的能耗,较长的网络存活时间.     

工业机器人在冲压自动化生产线中的设计与应用

随着经济的飞速发展和科技的进步,社会大众对于工业产品的需求数量急剧上涨,工业化程度进入了增长最快的时代,传统的工业生产方式无法满足时代的需求和进步,工业机器人成为了时代的新兴产物,在冲压自动化生产线中,工业机器人的应用大大提高了产品质量,优化了生产结构,本文重点分析了工业机器人在冲压自动化生产线中的设计以及应用。     

发电厂电能质量控制的问题探讨

电能是一种容易控制与转换,并且经济、实用、清洁的能源形态,同时也是电力部门向用户提供由发供用三方共同保证质量的一种特殊产品。如今,电能与其他商品一样,走进市场。质量是企业的生命,这就要求电厂不断提高电能质量,以满足客户的需求。同时,发电厂的电能质量对于电力系统的生产效率及电能的上网传输也非常重要。文中从实际出发,在电能质量诸多影响因素的基础上,对提高电能质量的方法展开探讨,提出了发电厂电能质量控制的方法与措施,为提高发电厂的电能质量奠定良好的基础。     

工厂供电节能方法的探讨

随着我国工业事业的发展,人们对各个方面的能源需求量已经越来越大,尤其在电能源方面的需求.如今,对于工厂来说,电能源消耗的状况与工厂生产成本投入的多少有直接的关系,因此,做好工厂供电节能方面的工作,迫在眉睫.科学有效的用电可以有效的减少工厂生产的成本投入,确保工厂在发展中的经营效益.能源的节约不仅有利于国家的发展,而且在我们生活中有着重要的作用,还对国家企业的建设发展由这一定的推动作用.     

浅析电能替代技术应用对节能减排的重要性

电力能源具有安全、清洁、廉价以及高效等优点,被广泛运用于我们的日常生产和生活之中.本文在分析电能代替技术应用在节能减排中的重要性之后,就如何有效的使用电能替代技术提出了一定的见解,以供各位读者参考.     

Control strategies of energy storage limiting intermittent output of solar power generation: Planning and evaluation for participation in electricity market

Renewable energy generation cannot be consistently predicted or controlled. Therefore, it is currently not widely used in the electricity market, which requires dependable production. In this study, reliability- and variance-based controls of energy storage strategies are proposed to utilize renewable energy as a steady contributor to the electricity market. For reliability-based control, photovoltaic (PV) generation is assumed to be registered in the power generation plan. PV generation yields a reliable output using energy storage units to compensate for PV prediction errors. We also propose a runtime state-of-charge management method for sustainable operations. With variance-based controls, changes in rapid power generation are limited through ramp rate control. This study introduces new reliability and variance indices as indicators for evaluating these strategies. The reliability index quantifies the degree to which the actual generation realizes the plan, and the variance index quantifies the degree of power change. The two strategies are verified based on simulations and experiments. The reliability index improved by 3.1 times on average over 21 days at a real power plant.     

Experience with PV‐diesel hybrid village power systems in Southern Morocco

In October 2002, under the auspices of Spanish Cooperation, a pilot electrification project put into operation two centralised PV‐diesel hybrid systems in two different Moroccan villages. These systems currently provide a full‐time energy service and supply electricity to more than a hundred of families, six community buildings, street lighting and one running water system. The appearance of the electricity service is very similar to an urban one: one phase AC supply (230 V/50 Hz) distributed up to each dwelling using a low‐voltage mini‐grid, which has been designed to be fully compatible with a future arrival of the utility grid. The management of this electricity service is based on a ‘fee‐for‐service’ scheme agreed between a local NGO, partner of the project, and electricity associations created in each village, which are in charge of, among other tasks, recording the daily energy production of systems and the monthly energy consumption of each house. This register of data allows a systematic evaluation of both the system performance and the energy consumption of users. Now, after 4 years of operation, this paper presents the experience of this pilot electrification project and draws lessons that can be useful for designing, managing and sizing this type of small village PV‐hybrid system. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Konsequenzen der Strommarktliberalisierung für die Stromerzeugung

Enormous pressure on electricity production costs comes from changes in energy politics and in the socio-political environment of electricity supply undertakings, such as the increasing liberalisation of the electricity market, the closer meshing of the European networks or the growing number of environmental regulations and expectations. Particular attention has to be given to this aspect when transcribing the directives of the European Union into national law in order to allow for continuing the use of ecologically beneficial energy sources. The need for increased cost reduction calls for new approaches. Verbund meets these new challenges in electricity production amongst other with intensified automation and a new maintenance strategy.     

晶体硅太阳能电池生产线外围设施建设经验漫谈

中国电子科技集团公司第四十八研究所是国内最早从事晶体硅太阳能电池整线交钥匙工程的单位,在国内已完成了几十家太阳能整线的建设。整线建设包括生产线设备的配置、安装,外围设施建设(厂房设计,净化间施工,水、电、气的设计施工),工艺调试,投产。其中外围设施建设的重要性往往被人们忽视。作者通过承担几条生产线的整线设计,参与了外围设施设计并在现场跟踪施工全过程,直至整线交付。在外围设施建设过程中发现了一些可修改的设计问题,在此提出来与大家分享。     

Infrastructure for Intelligent Automation Services in the Smart Grid

The electricity grid is undergoing a radical transformation from a production-driven to a demand-driven energy delivery platform known as the smart grid. The integration of a large amount of renewable and distributed energy resources, together with new patterns of electricity production, accentuates the need for research in information and communication technologies to control bi-directional energy flows. The European FP7 project: “Energy Demand Aware Open Services for Smart Grid Intelligent Automation” is contributing to this research by providing an intelligent infrastructure for service deployment for the smart grid. The project defines a system architecture that provides interoperability between wireless sensors in home area networks connected over the Internet to a service provider function deployed in a cloud infrastructure. A key component in this infrastructure is the Home Energy Controlling Hub that, on the one hand, provides a platform for monitoring and aggregation of electricity consumption data from devices and appliances and, on the other hand, is the link between the deployed intelligent automation services and the home. To ensure openness and simplicity, the proposed infrastructure is based on the representational state transfer style architecture. This is adopted by implementing the emerging ZigBee IP and Smart Energy Profile 2.0 standards that to a wide extend conform with the Internet Protocol suite and state-of-the art web services development.     

电力零线地线在供电线路中的作用

长期以来,不管是家庭用电还是工业用电,都是指交流电。它可以很方便的把电能转化为各种功能,极大地便利了我们的生活。因此安全正确的使用交流电就显得尤为重要。而交流电中通常有三根线与我们用电息息相关,这三根一般称为电力零线、地线与电力火线,它们在供电线路中一样重要。在电路中干线零线断路、入户零线错接、户内零线断路及地线开路对安全用电造成严重的危害。     

Functionally Cooperating Mini‐Generator: From Bacterial Fermentation to Electricity

Mini‐generators based on Faraday's law have exploited a new application of self‐propelled micromotors in energy conversion. However, most such mini‐generators normally consume high‐grade energy to produce low electric energy and lack applicable occasions. Herein, a mini‐generator is designed that harvests low‐grade internal energy of gas from a fermentation line for successive conversion to kinetic energy of reciprocating motions and finally to electric energy without harming the fermentation production. The problem of irregular release of fermentative bubbles resulting in disordered motions is solved by the design of a superhydrophobic cushion valve, which regulates bubble releases to ensure periodic surfacing–diving motions and stable electricity generation. The mini‐generator has a lifetime over 20 000 s with the maximum induced voltage of 2.4 V, which is sufficient to light a dozen red LEDs and energy conversion efficiency reaches 40%. Moreover, the mini‐generator is used back to the fermentation line as a real‐time gas flowmeter. By integrating mini‐generators with industrial fermentation lines, this work has provided an effective strategy to minimize energy input and maximize energy output of mini‐generators by collecting weak environmental energy and meanwhile exploited practical uses of mini‐generators with low output.