Buck变换器的全扰动观测补偿策略

无人驾驶船舶的服务器供电变换器在重载下容易引起输入滤波器谐振.分析了Buck变换器动态能量回馈引起谐振的作用机理,提出了一种基于全扰动观测补偿的电压振荡抑制策略.根据Buck变换器的输出电压、电感电流和占空比计算输入电压和负载电流的扰动量,并通过带通滤波器前馈到电流环中,改变Buck变换器在谐振频率附近的输入输出阻抗....     

输入电压前馈型三环控制Buck变换器研究

为了提高Buck变换器的输入与输出电压响应速度、稳压精度和抗干扰能力,提出了输入电压前馈+平均电流反馈+输出电压反馈型三环控制方式。在基于峰值电流反馈型的V~2C三环Buck变换器基础上修正了拓扑结构:引入输入电压前馈环节,修正双电压反馈型为电压前馈+电压反馈型,改进峰值电流反馈型为平均电流反馈型,形成了新的三环控制方式的Buck变换器拓扑结构;通过分析工作原理和推导有源-无源开关对等效模型,构建了整体小信号模型,获得了传递函数;采用Pspice软件搭建模块与编程,将新型三环控制方式与峰值电流型V~2C三环控制方式进行时域、频域对比仿真分析验证,表明提出的三环控制方式其输入与输出电压响应速度、稳压精度和抗干扰能力均优于后者。     

输出电压微分-单周控制Buck变换器

提出一种适用于DC/DC变换器的输出电压微分-单周控制(output voltage differential coefficient and one cycle control, OVDC-OCC)方法。介绍其工作原理,并利用状态空间平均方法建立了这种新型反馈控制Buck变换器的小信号模型,在此基础上进行频域仿真,并对结果进行了对比分析,最后进行了实验研究,给出相关实验结果。仿真和实验结果表明,OVDC-OCC控制比传统电压控制Buck变换器具有更好的抗输入电压扰动能力和更好的动态负载性能。     

基于超级电容储能系统的动态电压恢复器研究

在建立基于等效电路的超级电容器储能（SCES）系统的数学模型基础上,设计了一种超级电容器储能的动态电压恢复器（DVR）。该DVR以超级电容器为直流侧储能单元,采用非隔离型Buck-Boost双向DC／DC变换器进行双闭环功率前馈控制,采用双向电压源型DC／AC变换器进行解耦和前馈补偿控制。根据SCES的特性,确定了系统的基本运行原理,即当电源电压暂降时,通过调节DVR输出的有功功率和无功功率来维持负载电压幅值和相位的稳定。仿真实验结果验证了该DVR拓扑结构及其控制策略的正确性和有效性。     

V2-OCC控制Buck变换器

提出一种新型DC/DC控制方法,即V2-OCC控制。首先介绍了其工作原理,然后利用状态空间平均方法建立了V2-OCC控制Buck变换器的小信号模型。在此基础上,对V2-OCC控制和电压控制Buck变换器进行了频域仿真,并对结果进行了对比分析,最后进行了实验研究并给出了相关实验结果。仿真和实验结果表明,V2-OCC控制比电压控制Buck变换器具有更好的抗输入电压扰动能力和更好的动态负载性能。     

电压控制二次型Buck变换器实验装置设计

与传统Buck变换器相比,二次型Buck变换器实现了与占空比成平方关系的直流电压传输比,具有宽输入电压范围。为实现二次型Buck变换器的抗扰动能力,提出电压控制(voltage controlled)二次型Buck变换器。首先,分析了电压控制二次型Buck变换器的工作原理,并运用伏秒平衡、电荷平衡推导出连续导电模式下电压和电流关系表达式,为设计电路参数和器件选型提供依据。最后,设计并搭建电压控制二次型Buck变换器的实验装置,包括误差放大电路、比较电路、开关管驱动电路以及辅助供电电源。实验研究表明,电压控制二次型Buck变换器在负载瞬态和输入瞬态时,能实现输出电压的稳定。     

抑制输入扰动的Buck变换器控制方法

基于基本电压模式控制方法,提出了一种适于Buck变换器的改进控制方法.该方法用三角载波对输入电压进行调制作为前馈输入,结合终点预测方法,将RC补偿网络的影响旁路,使得输入扰动和参考变化直接反映到占空比变化上,并对该方法的有效性进行了定量分析.分析表明,占空比的变化由输入电压扰动和参考电压变化共同决定,输出电压的变化仅取...     

基于多模式控制的储能用双向Buck-Boost DC/DC变换器

由于各种分布式能源的大量接入，电网需要加入储能单元以平抑潮流的波动。储能系统中，为了在宽输入、输出电压范围的情况下实现高效双向电能转换，探讨一种基于多模式控制的双向Buck-Boost DC/DC变换器。当输入电压显著高于输出电压时，变换器工作在Buck模式，采用谷值电流控制。当输入电压显著低于输出电压时，变换器工作在Boost模式，采用峰值电流控制。当输入电压接近输出电压时，变换器工作在Buck-Boost组合模式，采用移相控制来实现平滑过渡。为了实现高精度的输出和快速的动态响应，控制环路采用二型补偿器。通过Buck模式和Boost模式小部分重叠工作的方式，消除了传统Buck-Boost变换器在模式切换时存在的断续现象。制作的1 kW实验样机具有97.5%的峰值效率以及Buck模式与Boost模式平滑切换的特点。     

双管Buck-Boost变换器的带输入电压前馈双闭环控制策略

针对宽范围输入的双管Buck-Boost变换器,在Buck和Boost两模式之间进行切换和输入电压发生波动时,电感电流和输出电压存在较大波动的问题,提出了带输入电压前馈的两模式平均电流控制策略。该策略通过将具有电压电流双闭环结构的平均电流控制与单载波-双调制的调制方法相结合,来提高变换器的动态响应性能,实现变换器两模式的自动近似平滑切换,同时对电感电流进行有效控制,保护设备安全。为了克服传统双闭环前馈函数实现和化简困难的缺点,提出将输入电压前馈引入电流内环从而大幅提高了变换器的输入动态响应性能。最后建立了MATLAB/Simulink仿真模型和硬件试验平台,验证了所提控制方法的有效性。     

级联系统中Buck充电调节器前馈控制方法

针对航天用电源控制器(PCU)系统中的模块组成部分和运行特点,详细分析了PCU系统中顺序开关分流调节器(S3R)的运行模式和对母线电压的影响。当S3R调节母线电压时会产生由滞环控制引起的不定频率的母线纹波,造成了以母线作为输入的蓄电池充电模块(BCR)的输出侧产生同频率的电压电流扰动。本文推导了DC-DC变换器在引入前馈控制以消除前向通道音频敏感率时,前馈控制器所需要满足的一般条件,根据BCR输出侧连接蓄电池,输出电压会随着充电过程变化的特点,提出了一种基于Buck变换器作为BCR模块时,能够跟随蓄电池电压变化自适应改变前馈控制器增益的控制方法,以实现BCR模块输出侧在全电压范围内对输入电压扰动进行抑制,实现对蓄电池充电电流脉动控制的最小化。     

1 kVA高性能单相中频逆变电源的研制

针对低压直流输入/中频400 Hz/115 V交流输出的高功率密度航空变流器的应用需求,提出了两级电路拓扑结构,其前级采用并-串型移相全桥结构实现隔离和升压的功能,后级采用全桥电路实现逆变功能。同时,为减小单相逆变器直流侧的二次纹波电流对前级的影响,前级单模块采用加入陷波器的负载电流前馈控制策略。为了进一步提高前级并-串型DC-DC变换器的动态性能,还提出了一种主从控制的均压控制策略;为了提高后级逆变电路的动态性能和负载调整率,提出一种改进的前馈控制策略。仿真和实验均验证了上述两级结构逆变电源控制策略的可行性。     

One‐cycle controlled quadratic buck converter

The quadratic DC‐DC converter can broaden the voltage conversion ratio, which meets the requirements of wide input voltage. However, large‐scale variation of input voltage puts forward harsh requirements on ability to resist input disturbance of control strategy. Quadratic buck converter (QBC) is pulsed nonlinear dynamic systems, so the one‐cycle control strategy based on robustness principle may provide better rejection of power source than the linear feedback control. But the traditional one‐cycle controlled QBC (TOCCQBC) suffers from poor ability against load disturbance and steady‐state error. To overcome aforementioned shortages, an improved OCCQBC is proposed by adding inductor current to diode voltage as integral variable and introducing feedback of output voltage. The paper first introduces the working principle of the QBC, and second, the OCCQBC is presented. Then, a mathematical model using small signal analysis of the OCCQBC is established, and an experimental prototype with a power of 6 W is set up. Simulation and experimental results verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the feasibility of the strategy.     

A high efficiency input/output magnetically coupled interleaved buck–boost converter with low internal oscillation for fuel-cell applications: Small signal modeling and dynamic analysis

Dynamic behavior of DC–DC converters plays a crucial role in stability of renewable energy exploitation systems. This paper presents small signal modeling of an input/output magnetically coupled interleaved buck–boost converter for fuel-cell applications to help the designers with the better understanding of converter dynamics. Aiming to have a continuous converter transfer function for a smooth transition between the operation modes and an improved inner dynamics, a damping network and an input/output coupling have been added to the interleaved structure of well-known cascaded buck–boost converter. Having the same step-up/step-down voltage transfer ratio, smooth transition and improved inner dynamics make this converter quite suitable for renewable energy applications. The paper presents a small signal ac equivalent circuit model of the proposed converter based on state space averaging (SSA) method. Simulation results show remarkable improvements in converter dynamic behavior in both time and frequency domains. Prototype setup of 360 W and 36 V output voltage for a fuel cell with a brand of “FCgen 1020ACS” Ballard Power Systems, Inc. was implemented. Experimental results are presented to verify the theoretical model and its expected merits.     

A Commutation Overlap Period Reduction Method Expanding the Buck Operating Range for a Bidirectional Isolated DC–DC Converter

This paper proposes a bidirectional isolated DC–DC converter with an active clamp circuit and two novel control methods in the buck mode. A circulating current reduction method decreases the conduction loss. A commutation overlap period reduction method maintains the output power by expanding the maximum actual duty cycle even if the input voltage decreases. The experimental results show that the proposed method increased the maximum output 1.5 times, without increasing the voltage applied to the low‐voltage side MOSFETs under the minimum input voltage condition. A 2‐kW class prototype showed a higher than 90% efficiency over a wide operating range for a greater than 20 input–output voltage ratio at 100‐kHz switching frequency.     

电动汽车中新型双向DC/DC变换器建模分析*

非隔离型双向DC/DC变换器广泛应用于混合直流供电系统中,针对电动汽车超级电容与蓄电池的混合供电系统,以新型交错并联型Buck/Boost变换器为研究对象,采用状态空间平均法,建立了Boost状态连续模式(CCM)下的交流小信号模型,得到了电路模型的开环传递函数。分析幅频特性曲线可知,变换器低频段斜率为0 d B/dec,系统存在稳态误差,中频段穿越频率过高,系统超调量较大,高频段以-20 dB/dec斜率变化,高频抗干扰能力较差。基于此,为变换器设计了平均电流补偿网络,理论分析系统的稳定性、动态响应速度和高频抗干扰能力都得到提高。同时仿真验证可知:当输入及负载跳变时输出电压在10 ms内都能快速稳定,且输出电压波动不超过1.5%,满足电动汽车储能系统要求。     

降压式18脉自耦变压整流系统研究

18脉自耦变压整流器具有输入电流谐波含量低,输出电压纹波小、变压器等效容量小等优点,但输出电压不满足航空低压直流系统的要求。在18脉自耦变压整流器的基础上设计降压电路,保证原有性能优势不变,实现28 V低压直流输出。首先介绍了18脉自耦变压整流器的移相原理和绕组结构,并对其输出电压特性进行了分析。根据降压的需要引入了降压电路及其控制电路,进一步设计了主电路及控制电路的主要参数。最后在Saber仿真环境中进行系统建模和仿真分析,验证了该系统具有良好的输入输出性能。     

Direct voltage regulation of DC–DC buck converter in a wide range of operation using adaptive input–output linearization

In this paper, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed for voltage control of the DC–DC buck converter in both continuous and discontinuous conduction modes. The proposed controller is developed based on input–output linearization, which is robust and stable against converter load changes, input voltage variations, and parameter uncertainties. In the proposed approach, all the converter parameters, namely input voltage, load resistance, and other parasitic elements of the power circuit, are assumed to be uncertain and estimated using a suitable Lyapunov function. Using a stand‐alone TMS320F2810 digital signal processor from Texas Instruments, some simulations and experimental results are obtained to verify the proposed control approach. The results are in good agreement and prove the effectiveness and capability of the controller over a wide range of operations. Also, advantages of the designed nonlinear regulator are indicated in comparison with a pulse width modulation (PWM)‐based sliding mode controller. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

燃料电池系统宽范围输入电压变换器设计

燃料电池输出特性较软使得其系统中单向DC/DC变换器需要较宽的输入电压,从而限制了该变换器的应用。文章利用双管Buck-Boost级联电路可根据输入电压的大小自动切换升/降压工作状态来获得合适的恒定的输出电压的优点,对该级联电路设计了基于平均电流控制的电压、电流双闭环控制环路,从而实现其在宽范围输入电压下得到恒定的输出电压,可为燃料电池系统后级变换器提供稳定的输入电压,并降低其设计和优化的难度,还有效解决传统单管Buck-Boost电路开关管电压应力过高的问题。仿真和小功率样机的实验研究验证了所提采用双闭环控制环路的升降压变换器在宽范围输入电压下均具有良好的性能。     

Adaptive saturated finite‐time control algorithm for buck‐type DC‐DC converter systems

To enhance the convergent rate and robustness of buck‐type DC‐DC converter system, a new finite‐time voltage regulation control algorithm is proposed in this paper. First, an average state space‐based model is analyzed, which considers both the parameters uncertainties and the variations of load and input voltage. By using saturation finite‐time control theory, at the first step, in the absence of disturbance, a new fast voltage regulation control algorithm is designed, which can guarantee that the output voltage converges to the reference voltage in a finite time. Because the saturation constraint is considered during the controller design, the duty ratio function of the converter satisfies the constraint between 0 and 1. Second, in the presence of disturbance, a finite‐time convergent disturbance observer is designed to estimate the unknown disturbances in a finite time. Finally, a disturbance observer‐based finite‐time voltage regulation control algorithm is developed. Compared with PI (Proportional‐Integral) control algorithm, circuit simulations show that the proposed algorithm has a faster regulation performance and stronger robustness performance on disturbance rejection.